四級時態(tài)練習(講解、練習、答案)12頁

1、一時態(tài)（02.11.修改） 英語中共有16種時態(tài)，我們并不一一贅述。這里我們只講容易用錯的、也是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在試卷上的時態(tài)方面的問題。只要同學們掌握了我們所講的知識就能會做題，做對題。 .“現(xiàn)在時”中應注意的幾個問題1. 如果說的是將來的事，主句用將來時，狀語從句用現(xiàn)在時。狀語從句常由以下連詞引導：if, in case, when, as, as soon as before, until, unless, who(what/ when/ where)ever, no matter who(what/ when/ where), etc. If he comes, Ill give it to

2、him. Ill stay here until he promises to do as I ask. You wont pass the exam unless you work hard. Ill begin the dictation when you are ready. No matter where you go, youll find Coca-Cola. No matter how much it costs, Ill buy it. （第1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.題） *幾個特殊的副詞、名詞短語也可引導狀語從句，所用時態(tài)同上。 the moment immediat

3、ely the minute = as soon as instantly = as soon as the instant directly every time = whenever/ no matter when the next time = next time when each time The children are to do their homework the moment they arrive back from school. The machine starts the minute the button is pressed. Tell me immediate

4、ly you have any news. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you come.(第7. 8.題) 1）如果強調(diào)從句動作在先，主句動作在后時，從句可用完成時。（既從句動作發(fā)成之后，才開始主句的動作。） When he has sold all the newspapers, hell go home. The postman cannot reach the house until the snow has melted.2）now that從句常表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作，在從句動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生的前提下才開始主句的動作，故該從句常用

5、完成時。 Now that the rain has stopped, lets go at once. Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.（第9. 10.題）3）如果if條件從句出現(xiàn)if sb. will/ would,表示意愿，“如果某人愿意”will、would是情態(tài)動詞。 If you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you.如果你愿意脫掉身上的衣服，我們就把新衣服給你穿上。（從句的will是情態(tài)動詞，

6、主句的will是助動詞，表將來時） If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France. 只有你肯這樣做，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)老百姓為什麼會不滿意，你就會理解正在威脅著法國的革命。4）if、when引導的賓語從句表達將來的動作時，要用將來時。 I cant tell you if itll rain tomorrow. Do you know when they will arrive?5）一些關(guān)系代詞

7、、關(guān)系副詞或連詞引導的從句中也可以用現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。 Well drive faster than you do. She will probably be on the same plane as I am. Ill have a good time whether I win or lose.2. 以下句型從句用現(xiàn)在時表達將來的動作 long It will (not) be hours before sb. do sth. years It will be long before we meet again. It will be hours before the rain sto

8、ps. But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins to look as it did before. . 完成時1. 以下句型從句用現(xiàn)在完成時 This the first (second, third fourth) sth.That is the only sth. (that) sb. have done sth.It the best (worst最高級) sth. This is the third pair of shoes youve worn out this year. It is the onl

9、y party that Ive really enjoyed in my life. It is one of the most interesting books that Ive ever read. * 這里指截止到目前為止的情況，如果說截止到過去的某一時間為止，用過去完成時。 She understood what I was talking about, even though it was the first time we had spoken together. 2. 有以下時間狀語的句子用現(xiàn)在完成時 for years during the past/ last year

10、(two, three, four, few/ several) months over weeks in In the past few years great changes have taken place in computers. That has been my life for these ten years.3. since句子里的時態(tài)問題 1）作介詞用時，和過去的時間搭配，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時 Paper has been made in America since 1690. since ago作狀語，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時 Mary is in New York. She has

11、been there since six days ago. ever since 作狀語，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時 He fell off his horse a week ago and has been in bed ever since.2）作連詞用時，從句用過去時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時 Weve been friends since we met at school. He has worked there since it opened in 1989. （第12. 13.題）4. 瞬間動詞的注意事項 常見的瞬間動詞：go, come, enter, arrive, leave, die, m

12、arry, join, buy, borrow, get up, catch a cold, get married, etc.這類動詞表示的動作一發(fā)生就馬上結(jié)束，故用在完成時中不能和表示動作延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。 錯 He has left for three days. 對 He has been away for three days. 或：It is + 一段時間 + since sb. did (瞬間動詞)sth. has been It is/ has been three days since he left. It is more than half a year since I

13、 entered college. *如果表達截止到過去的某個時間為止的動作，用以下句型： It was + 一段時間 + since sb. had done (瞬間動詞)sth. I said that it was at least 10 years since I had enjoyed a good drink.5. by短語作時間狀語的注意事項 1）“by”和過去的時間連用時，句子用過去完成時；和將來的時間連用時，句子用將來完成時。 By 1985, he had taught that course in that school for 10 years. By the end

14、of next year the teaching building will have been completed. (15. 16. 17.18. 19.題)2）by the time作連詞引導時間狀語從句。（1）如果說的是過去的事情，從句用過去時，主句用過去完成時 By the time he was ten, he had already built himself a chemistry lab. By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned advance mathematics all by himself. （主句

15、的動作在從句動作發(fā)生時已經(jīng)結(jié)束） （2）如果說的是將來的事情，從句用現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來完成時 I shall have finished the work by the time you come back. By the time the course ends, we shall have learned a lot about British.（第20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 題）6）過去完成時過去完成時是學生們?nèi)菀子缅e的一個時態(tài)，我們提醒注意兩點：（1）截止到過去某個時間或某個動作為止、已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作 He said (that) he had married. (到

16、“說”時，他已經(jīng)“結(jié)婚”了, 先“結(jié)婚”，后“說”。） She told me she had joined the party two years before. Before I came here, I had studied English for six years. （兩個動作“had studied”先發(fā)生, “came”后發(fā)生） （2）有些動詞表示意愿、打算、希望等意，用過去完成時表示這一動作并未實現(xiàn),屬虛擬語氣。（見“虛擬語氣”第條） . 進行時 1. 不用進行時的動詞有： （1）表示所屬、類似、構(gòu)成等關(guān)系的詞 belong to, consist of, depend on

17、, equal, etc. （2）表示存在、狀態(tài)等持續(xù)性動詞 have, own, deserve, appear, lie (位于)，be (存在)，stand (位于), remain（保持某種狀態(tài)）, keep, seem, etc.(3) 表示知覺、感覺的一些感官動詞see, hear, smell, feel, taste, etc. (4) 由心靈、頭腦發(fā)出的動作think, forget, imagine, hope, want, etc.2. 過去進行時的注意事項在過去時的句子里，當從句的動作和主句的動作同時發(fā)生時，如果兩個動詞都是瞬間動詞都用過去時，如果一個是延續(xù)性動詞，該動

18、作用過去進行時。 While I was walking along the street, I met him. When they left London, it was raining. He broke his leg, when he was playing in a football match.（第32. 33. 34.題）如果都是延續(xù)性動詞，都可以用過去進行時。While I was working, he was sleeping. 3.掌握以下句型 doing Sb. was/ were going to do when sb. (else) did about 某人正在（

19、要）做某事突然* “when”句子總放在后面，“when” 表達suddenly, at that time, and then之意 。 I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. Tom was sitting near the fire when he heard a knock on the door. I was going to lock the door when the phone rang.（第35.36. 題）.時態(tài)的呼應當主句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，其賓語從句就該用相應的過去時。主、從句的時態(tài)要呼應。Michael

20、 left for California this morning.Oh, I thought he wasnt going until next week.Im surprised to learn that youre going back to Chicago.Yes, Id hoped that I wouldnt have to go back again, but I do.*如果賓語從句說的是真理性的事件，用現(xiàn)在時The teacher told me that light travels faster than sound.Copernicus maintained that

21、the earth moves round the sun. 過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 過去時只表示過去發(fā)生了一件事，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在無任何影響。完成時中的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響。 I had breakfast. 吃過早飯，但這一動作對現(xiàn)在無任何影響，很可能現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)餓了。 I have had breakfast. 吃過早飯，而且這一動作對現(xiàn)在還有影響，即：現(xiàn)在不餓。 Would you please have supper with us?No, I _ it, but thank you all the same.A) had B) have had C) have to have D) am t

22、o have選B)符合語言環(huán)境。吃過了，而且不餓。 I bought a bicycle. 我買過一輛車。（但現(xiàn)在車已沒有了。） I have bought a bicycle. 我買過一輛車。（現(xiàn)在車還在。）. 完成時與完成進行時的區(qū)別 完成時強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果，完成進行時強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性。 I have finished six letters. 已經(jīng)寫了六封信。 I have been writing letters for a whole morning. 一上午一直在寫信。 I have waited for you for fifty minutes. I have been wait

23、ing for you.二國家四級考試試題1. If it _ too much trouble, Id love a cup of tea. (1989.1.) A) isnt B) wasnt C) werent D) hadnt been2. If she doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _. (1998.6.) A) does B) has done C) will do D) would do3. Once environmental damage _, it takes

24、many years for the system to recover. (1997.6.) A) has done B) is to do C) does D) is done4. If you smoke in a nonsmoking section, people _. (1993.1.) A) will object B) objected C) must object D) have objected5. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that tele

25、vision _ the newspaper completely. (1995.6.) A) replaced B) have replaced C) replace D) will replace6. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ to the nation. (1996.6.) A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left7. You see the lightening _ it happens, but you h

26、ear the thunder later. (1997.1.) A) the instant B) for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant8. We hadnt met for 20 years, but I recognized her _ I saw her. (2001.6.) A) for the moment B) the moment when C) at the moment when D) the moment9. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing

27、 more revision work. (1990.1.) A) For now B) Ever since C) Now that D) By now10. _ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. (1997.6.) A) For B) Now C) Since D) Despite11. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _ the guards discovered what had h

28、appened. (1993.6.) A) before B) since C) until D) when12. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they _ better health. (1991.1.) A) could have enjoyed B) had enjoyed C) have been enjoying D) are enjoying13. Ever since Picassos paintings went on exhibit, there _ large crowds at the mus

29、eum every day. (1993.1.) A) have been B) has been C) is D) are being14. “May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight?”“Im sorry. Mr. Williams _ to a conference long before then”. (2000.6.) A) had gone B) would have gone C) has gone D) will have gone.15. By the end of April Peter

30、_ here for three months. (1988.6.) A) will have stayed B) will stay C) stays D) has stayed16. By the end of the year all but two people _. (1994.1.) A) have left B) will leave C) will be leaving D) will have left17. By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem. (1993.

31、6.) A) have found B) will have found C) will be finding D) are finding18. Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%. (1996.1.) A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising19. Pick me up at 8 oclock. I _ my bath by then. (199

32、2.6.) A) may have B) will be having C) can have had D) will have had20. By the time you get to Beijing tomorrow, I _ for Shanghai. (1991.1.) A) shall have left B) am leaving C) will leave D) have already left21. The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. (1997.1.)A) must have lasted B) will h

33、ave lasted C) would last D) has lasted22. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we _ here for two days. (2001.6.) A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shall stay D) will have stayed23. My train arrives in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _ by then. (1999.1.)

34、A) would leave B) will have left C) has left D) had left24. By the time you get to New York, I _ for London. (2002.1.) A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left25. I suppose that when I come back in ten years time all those old houses _ down. (1992.1.) A) will have be

35、en pulled B) will have pulled C) will be pulling D) will be pulled26. He came back late, _ which time all the guests had already left. (1999.6.) A) after B) by C) at D) during27. Until then, his family _ from him for six months. (1997.1.) A) didnt hear B) hasnt been hearing C) hasnt heard D) hadnt h

36、eard28. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. (1990.1.) A) just have had B) just had C) have just had D) had just had29. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. (1996.6.) A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been

37、30. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _ from the sort of candles used only in churches. (1999.6.) A) had come B) coming C) come D) that came31. After searching for half an hour, she realized that her glasses _ on the table all the time. (1990.6.)

38、 A) were lain B) had been lain C) have been lying D) had been lying32. We _ to start our own business, but we never had enough money. (1994.1.) A) have hoped B) would hope C) had hoped D) should hope33. He _ when the bus came to a sudden stop.(1991.6.)A) was almost hurt B) was hurt himself C) was to

39、 hurt himself D) was hurting himself34. Bobs leg got hurt _ the Purple Mountains. (1992.6.) A) while he is climbing up B) while we were climbing up C) while we climbed up D) while he climbed up35. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _. (1991.6.) A) finish what I did B) finished what I did C)

40、 Would finish what I was doing D) finished what I was doing36. I was half way back to the cottage where my mother lived _ Susan caught up with me. (2001.1.) A) when B) while C) until D) though 37. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _ something occurred which attracted my attention.

41、 (1996.1.) A) unless B) until C) when D) while38. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy, balanced families. (1995.6.)A) are often seeing B) often see C) will often see D) have often seen 39. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _ an

42、d perfected now. (1996.1.) A) developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed40. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. (1997.1.) A) are to challenge B) may be challenged C) have been challenged D) a

43、re challenging41. I bought a new house last year, but I _ my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses. (1991.1.) A) did not sell B) have not sold C) had not sold D) do not sell42. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right. (1997.6.) A)

44、had leaked B) is leaking C) leaked D) has been leaking43. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long. (2000.1.) A) has been reading B) had read C) is reading D) read44. The grey building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts _. (1995.1.) A) are

45、producing B) are produced C) produced D) being produced 45. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes _ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. (2000.6.) A) allow B) allows C) allowing D) have allowed46. Im awfully sorry, but I ha

46、d no alternative. I simply _ what I did. (1988.6.) A) ought to have done B) have to do C) had to do D) must do47. The Browns _ here, but not any more. (1994.1.) A) were used to living B) had lived C) used to live D) had been living48. dont swim now, but I _ when I was a kid. (1992.1.) A) used to it

47、B) used to doing it C) used to D) used to do 三時態(tài)練習 1.I dont think he will be upset, but Ill see him in case _. A) he would B) he is C) he was D) he will2. Were going to Florida as soon as _ our final exam. A) were finishing taking B) we finish to take C) we finish taking D) well finish taking3. Unle

48、ss economic conditions _ next year, there will be wildspread unrest in the United States. A) will be improved B) to be proved C) improve D) improves4. The child is to do his homework the moment he _ back from school. A) will arrive B) arrives C) arrived D) arrive5. Although I havent seen him for 10

49、years, I recognized him _ I saw him. A) the moment B) the moment when C) at the moment when D) for the moment6. Ill lend you my cassette recorder _ you want it. A) every time B) the moment C) until D) lest7. Whenever I _ these days, I always carry my raincoat. A) shall go out B) would go out C) will

50、 have gone out D) go out8. However you _, itll take you at least two days. A) travel B) will travel C) traveled D) travelling9. No matter what you _, I wont believe you. A) will say B) say C) said D) have said10. No matter how hard you _, youll never lose your English accent. A) will try B) tried C) try D) have tried11. She will be probably on the same plane as _ the day after tomorrow. A) I will B) I will be C) shall D) I am12. I cant tell you if it _ tomorrow. A) will rain B) rains C) shall rain D) would rain13. When _ again? When he _, Ill let you know. A) he comes; comes B) w