《李爾王》第一場(chǎng)劇本-英文注釋版

莎士比亞《李爾王》主要人物李爾王（Lear）：不列顛國(guó)王。高納里爾（Goneril）:李爾的長(zhǎng)女，奧本尼公爵的妻子。里根（Regan）：李爾的次女，康華爾公爵的妻子?？嫉依麐I（Cordelia）：李爾的三女，也是李爾最疼愛(ài)的女兒，嫁給了法蘭西國(guó)王?？咸夭簦═heEarlofKent）：李爾的忠臣，他反對(duì)李爾對(duì)考狄利婭的態(tài)度后被李爾驅(qū)逐，但 他扮裝為仆人繼續(xù)為李爾服務(wù)，只是不讓李爾知道他是誰(shuí)。法蘭西國(guó)王（KingofFrance）：前來(lái)向考狄利婭求婚,后來(lái)成了考狄利婭的丈夫勃艮第公爵（Burgundy）:前來(lái)向考狄利婭求婚奧本尼公爵（TheDukeofAlbany）：高納里爾的丈夫?？等A爾公爵（TheDukeofCornwall）：里根的丈夫。葛羅斯特伯爵（TheEarlofGloucester）：愛(ài)德伽和愛(ài)德蒙的父親，愛(ài)德蒙欺騙他反對(duì)愛(ài)德伽， 后來(lái)愛(ài)德伽扮裝逃亡。愛(ài)德蒙（Edmund）：葛羅斯特伯爵的私生子，他為高納里爾和里根服務(wù)來(lái)使得自己不斷上升，三人之間關(guān)系曖昧。愛(ài)德伽（Edgar）：葛羅斯特伯爵的兒子，他改裝后化名為“湯姆·白德蘭(TomBedlam)”，繼續(xù)服侍他的瞎眼的父親，最后他成為國(guó)王。奧斯華德（Oswald）：高納里爾的侍者，被稱為是一個(gè)“有效的壞蛋”。他試圖刺殺葛羅斯伯爵，但被愛(ài)德伽所殺。弄人（TheFool）：一個(gè)忠于李爾和考狄利婭的宮廷小丑。劇情介紹開始時(shí)葛羅斯特伯爵向肯特伯爵推薦他的私生子愛(ài)德蒙。此后李爾王上臺(tái)決定退位和將他的王國(guó)分給他的三個(gè)女兒：高納里爾、里根和考狄利婭。高納里爾和里根已婚，而考狄利婭還未婚，她是李爾最喜歡的女兒，也是最被追求的新娘。李爾因?yàn)槟赀~的關(guān)系，決定把國(guó)土分為三份，交給自己的女兒們，而他自己就到處去跟三位女兒一起住。于是李爾王把女兒們都叫來(lái)，叫她們各自說(shuō)說(shuō)她們有多愛(ài)他。高納里爾和里根為了得到更多的土地而說(shuō)得天花亂墜，但是考狄利婭卻覺(jué)得因?yàn)橄胍@得王國(guó)而與她的姐姐們向父親爭(zhēng)著討好太卑鄙了。李爾因此大怒，將考狄利婭的那份分給了他的兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)女，并將考狄利婭驅(qū)逐。雖然如此，法國(guó)國(guó)王還是娶了考狄利婭，因?yàn)樗吹搅丝嫉依麐I的真正的美德。李爾退位后立刻就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被高納里爾和里根欺騙，她們都不讓李爾和她們住在一起，抱怨父王李爾的隨從太多了。支持考狄利婭的肯特伯爵被李爾驅(qū)逐后這時(shí)回到李爾身邊，化名來(lái)保護(hù)李爾。與此同時(shí)高納里爾和里根兩人為了爭(zhēng)愛(ài)德蒙互相吃醋，同時(shí)還得抵御考狄利婭帶領(lǐng)的法國(guó)軍隊(duì)，考狄利婭重返不列顛想為父親重奪政權(quán)，但戰(zhàn)事不利，考狄利婭被殺死，李爾王守著心愛(ài)的小女兒的尸體悲痛地死去。最后高納里爾毒死了里根，而在愛(ài)德蒙死后，她也自殺了。劇中的另一個(gè)故事是葛羅斯特伯爵的兩個(gè)兒子的故事：好的愛(ài)德伽和壞的愛(ài)德蒙。愛(ài)德蒙編造假的故事來(lái)蒙害愛(ài)德迦。愛(ài)德迦因此被逐。愛(ài)德蒙與高納里爾和里根兩人調(diào)情，葛羅斯特伯爵被里根的丈夫康華爾刺瞎，但被愛(ài)德迦救了。李爾來(lái)到多佛爾，他衣衫襤褸，與老鼠說(shuō)話。葛羅斯特伯爵想跳崖，但被愛(ài)德迦說(shuō)服，后來(lái)與李爾相遇?！独顮柾酢氛鎸?shí)地反映了資本主義世界資本原始積累時(shí)期動(dòng)蕩不安的英國(guó)社會(huì)的面貌，也是作者對(duì)專制王權(quán)的批判和對(duì)人性的歌頌。受狡詐冷酷的女兒和陰險(xiǎn)殘暴的女婿的虐待，李爾由專橫暴虐、剛愎自用的統(tǒng)治者，一下子變成了“流浪的叫花子般的國(guó)王”，這個(gè)過(guò)程具體地反映了文藝復(fù)興晚期封建階級(jí)走向衰亡的歷史。葛羅斯特受到作為冒險(xiǎn)家、陰謀家的兒子陷害后所說(shuō)的“城市里有暴動(dòng)，國(guó)家發(fā)生內(nèi)亂，宮廷之內(nèi)潛藏著逆謀；父不父，子不子，綱常倫紀(jì)完全破滅”這番話，正點(diǎn)出了封建主義解體、資本主義興起的過(guò)渡時(shí)期封建倫理道德趨于崩潰，人與人之間赤裸裸的金錢關(guān)系替代舊的綱紀(jì)倫常的歷史真實(shí)。劇本還通過(guò)李爾王的小女兒考狄利婭等正面形象，宣揚(yáng)了人和人應(yīng)該和諧真誠(chéng)、應(yīng)該尊重人格、應(yīng)該平等相待的人文主義思想。但李爾的瘋狂致死、考狄利婭的被害和葛羅斯特的流浪等結(jié)局，又為作品抹上了濃重的憂郁色調(diào)。Act1Scene1KingLear'spalaceLEARMeantimeweshallexpressourdarkerpurpose.Givemethemapthere.KnowthatwehavedividedInthreeourkingdom;and'tisourfastintent(目的)Toshakeallcaresandbusinessfromourage,Conferring(授予)themonyoungerstrengthswhileweUnburdened(不受累的)crawl(爬行)towarddeath.OursonofCornwall,Andyou,ournolesslovingsonofAlbany,WehavethishouraconstantwilltopublishOurdaughters'severaldowers(嫁妝),thatfuturestrife(沖突)Maybepreventednow.Theprinces,FranceandBurgundy,Greatrivalsinouryoungestdaughter'slove,Longinourcourthavemadetheiramoroussojourn,Andherearetobeanswered.Tellme,mydaughters,Sincenowwewilldivest(丟棄)usbothofrule,Interestofterritory,caresofstate,—Whichofyoushallwesaydothloveusmost?Thatweourlargestbounty(獎(jiǎng)賞)mayextendWherenaturedothwithmeritchallenge.Goneril,Oureldest-born,speakfirst.GONERILSir,Iloveyoumorethanwordscanwieldthematter;Dearerthaneye-sight,space,andliberty;Beyondwhatcanbevalued,richorrare;Nolessthanlifewithgrace,health,beauty,honour;Asmuchaschilde'erloved,orfatherfound:Alovethatmakesbreathpoor,andspeechunable;BeyondallmannerofsomuchIloveyou.CORDELIA[Aside]WhatshallCordeliaspeak?Love,andbesilent.LEAROfallthesebounds,evenfromthislinetothis,Withshadowyforestsandwithchampaigns(原野)riched,Withplenteous(富庶的)riversandwide-skirtedmeads(草地),Wemakethee(你)lady.Tothine(你的)andAlbany'sissuesBethisperpetual(永久的).Whatsaysourseconddaughter,OurdearestRegan,wifetoCornwall?Speak.REGANSir,IammadeOftheself-samemetalthatmysisteris,Andprizemeatherworth.InmytrueheartIfindshenamesmyverydeed(不只是口頭上的)oflove;Onlyshecomestooshort:thatIprofess(公開表明)Myselfanenemytoallotherjoys,Whichthemostprecioussquareofsensepossesses;AndfindIamalonefelicitate(慶幸)Inyourdearhighness'love.CORDELIA[Aside]ThenpoorCordelia!Andyetnotso;since,Iamsure,mylove'sMorericherthanmytongue.LEARTothee(你)andthine(你的)hereditary(世襲的)everRemainthisample(豐富)thirdofourfairkingdom;Nolessinspace,validity(合法),andpleasure,Thanthatconferedon(授予)Goneril.Now,ourjoy,Althoughthelast,notleast;towhoseyoungloveThevinesofFranceandmilkofBurgundyStrivetobeinteressed;whatcanyousaytodrawAthirdmoreopulent(富足的)thanyoursisters?Speak.CORDELIANothing,mylord(君主).LEARNothing!CORDELIANothing.LEARNothingwillcomeofnothing:speakagain.CORDELIAUnhappythatIam,IcannotheaveMyheartintomymouth:Iloveyourmajesty(莊嚴(yán))Accordingtomybond(契約，名分);normorenorless.LEARHow,how,Cordelia!mendyourspeechalittle,Lestitmaymar(毀壞)yourfortunes.CORDELIAGoodmylord,Youhavebegotme,bredme,lovedme:IReturnthosedutiesbackasarerightfit,Obeyyou,loveyou,andmosthonouryou.Whyhavemysistershusbands,iftheysayTheyloveyouall?Haply,whenIshallwed(嫁人),Thatlordwhosehandmusttakemyplight(困境)shallcarryHalfmylovewithhim,halfmycareandduty:Sure,Ishallnevermarrylikemysisters,Tolovemyfatherall.LEARButgoesthyheartwiththis?CORDELIAAy,goodmylord.LEARSoyoung,andsountender(無(wú)情)?CORDELIASoyoung,mylord,andtrue.LEARLetitbeso;thytruth,then,bethy(你的)dower(嫁妝):For,bythesacredradiance(光輝)ofthesun,ThemysteriesofHecate,andthenight;Byalltheoperationoftheorbs(天體)Fromwhomwedoexist,andceasetobe(不再是);HereIdisclaimallmypaternal(父親的)care,Propinquityandpropertyofblood,AndasastrangertomyheartandmeHoldthee,fromthis,forever.ThebarbarousScythian,OrhethatmakeshisgenerationmessesTogorgehisappetite,shalltomybosomBeaswellneighbour'd,pitied,andrelieved,Asthoumysometimedaughter.KENTGoodmyliege—(君主)LEARPeace,Kent!Comenotbetweenthedragonandhiswrath(憤怒).Ilovedhermost,andthoughttosetmyrestOnherkindnursery.Hence,andavoidmysight!Sobemygravemypeace,ashereIgiveHerfather'sheartfromher!CallFrance;whostirs?

CallBurgundy.CornwallandAlbany,Withmytwodaughters'dowersdigestthisthird:Letpride,whichshecallsplainness(坦白),marryher.Idoinvestyoujointlywithmypower,Preeminence(杰出),andallthelargeeffectsThattroopwithmajesty.Ourself,bymonthlycourse,Withreservation(保留)ofanhundredknights(騎士),Byyoutobesustained,shallourabodeMakewithyoubydueturns.OnlywestillretainThename,andalltheadditionstoaking;Thesway,revenue,executionoftherest,Belovedsons,beyours:whichtoconfirm,Thiscoronetpartbetwixtyou.[Givingthecrown]KENTRoyalLear,WhomIhaveeverhonouredasmyking,Lovedasmyfather,asmymasterfollowed,Asmygreatpatronthoughtoninmyprayers--LEARThebowisbentanddrawn,makefromtheshaft(箭桿).KENTLetitfallrather,thoughtheforkinvadeTheregionofmyheart!beKentunmannerlyWhenLearismad.Whatwiltthoudo,oldman?Think'stthouthatdutyshallhavedread(害怕)tospeak,Whenpowertoflattery(奉承)bows?Toplainnesshonour'sbound,Whenmajestystoopstofolly(愚蠢的行為).Reversethystate;And,inthybestconsideration,checkThishideousrashness(魯莽):answermylifemyjudgment,Thyyoungestdaughterdoesnotlovetheeleast;Norarethoseempty-heartedwhoselowsoundReverbsnohollowness.LEARKent,onthy(你的)life,nomore.KENTMylifeIneverheldbutasapawnTowageagainstthyenemies;norfeartoloseit,Thysafetybeingthemotive.LEAROutofmysight!KENTSeebetter,Lear;andletmestillremainThetrueblankofthineeye.LEARNow,byApollo--KENTNow,byApollo,king,Thouswear'stthygodsinvain.LEARO,vassal(奴才)!miscreant!(惡棍)[Layinghishandonhissword]ALBANY

CORNWALL

Dearsir,forbear.(息怒)

KENTDo.Killthyphysician,andthefeebestow(贈(zèng)給)Uponthyfouldisease.Revokethygift;

Or,whilstIcanventclamour(抗議)frommythroat,I'lltelltheethoudostevil.LEARHearme,recreant(懦夫)!Onthineallegiance(忠誠(chéng)),hearme!Sincethouhastsoughttomakeusbreakourvow,Whichwedurstneveryet,andwithstrainedprideTocomebetweenoursentenceandourpower,Whichnorournaturenorourplacecanbear,Ourpotencymadegood,takethyreward.Fivedayswedoallotthee,forprovisionToshieldtheefromdiseasesoftheworld;AndonthesixthtoturnthyhatedbackUponourkingdom:if,onthetenthdayfollowing,Thybanish'dtrunkbefoundinourdominions,Themomentisthydeath.Away!byJupiter,Thisshallnotberevoked.KENTFaretheewell,king:siththusthouwiltappear,Freedomliveshenceandbanishment(放逐)ishere.[ToCORDELIA]Thegodstotheirdearsheltertakethee,maid,Thatjustlythink'st,andhastmostrightlysaid![ToREGANandGONERIL]Andyourlargespeechesmayyourdeedsapprove,Thatgoodeffectsmayspringfromwordsoflove.ThusKent,Oprinces,bidsyoualladieu;He'llshapehisoldcourseinacountrynew.[Exit][Flourish.Re-enterGLOUCESTER,withKINGOFFRANCE,BURGUNDY,andAttendants]GLOUCESTERHere'sFranceandBurgundy,mynoblelord.LEARMylordofBurgundy.Wefirstaddresstowardsyou,whowiththiskingHathrivall'dforourdaughter:what,intheleast,Willyourequireinpresentdowerwithher,Orcease(終止)yourquestoflove?BURGUNDYMostroyalmajesty,Icrave(渴望)nomorethanwhatyourhighnessoffered,Norwillyoutenderless.LEARRightnobleBurgundy,Whenshewasdeartous,wedidholdherso;Butnowherpriceisfall'n.Sir,thereshestands:Ifaughtwithinthatlittleseemingsubstance,Orallofit,withourdispleasurepieced,Andnothingmore,mayfitlylikeyourgrace,She'sthere,andsheisyours.BURGUNDYIknownoanswer.LEARWillyou,withthoseinfirmities(體弱)sheowes,Unfriended,new-adoptedtoourhate,

Doweredwithourcurse,andstrangeredwithouroath(誓言),Takeher,orleaveher?BURGUNDYPardonme,royalsir;Electionmakesnotuponsuchconditions.LEARThenleaveher,sir;for,bythepowerthatmademe,Itellyouallherwealth.[ToKINGOFFRANCE]Foryou,greatking,Iwouldnotfromyourlovemakesuchastray,TomatchyouwhereIhate;thereforebeseech(懇求)youToavert(轉(zhuǎn)移)yourlikingamoreworthierwayThanonawretchwhomnatureisashamedAlmosttoacknowledgehers.KINGOFFRANCEThisismoststrange,Thatshe,thatevenbutnowwasyourbestobject,Theargumentofyourpraise,balm(安慰)ofyourage,Mostbest,mostdearest,shouldinthistriceoftime(轉(zhuǎn)眼之間)Commitathingsomonstrous(極其可惡的),todismantleSomanyfoldsoffavour.Sure,heroffenceMustbeofsuchunnaturaldegree,Thatmonstersit,oryourfore-vouch'daffectionFall'nintotaint:whichtobelieveofher,MustbeafaiththatreasonwithoutmiracleCouldneverplantinme.CORDELIAIyetbeseechyourmajesty,--IfforIwantthatglibandoilyart,Tospeakandpurposenot;sincewhatIwellintend,I'lldo'tbeforeIspeak,--thatyoumakeknownItisnoviciousblot(丑惡的污點(diǎn)),murder,orfoulness,Nounchaste(不貞潔的)action,ordishonouredstep,Thathathdeprivedmeofyourgraceandfavour;ButevenforwantofthatforwhichIamricher,Astill-solicitingeye,andsuchatongueAsIamgladIhavenot,thoughnottohaveitHathlostmeinyourliking.LEARBetterthouHadstnotbeenbornthannottohavepleasedmebetter.KINGOFFRANCEIsitbutthis,--atardinessinnatureWhichoftenleavesthehistoryunspokeThatitintendstodo?MylordofBurgundy,Whatsayyoutothelady?Love'snotloveWhenitismingled(夾雜)withregardsthatstandAlooffromtheentirepoint.Willyouhaveher?Sheisherselfadowry(嫁妝).BURGUNDYRoyalLear,Givebutthatportion(一份)whichyourselfproposed,AndhereItakeCordeliabythehand,DuchessofBurgundy.LEARNothing:Ihavesworn;Iamfirm.BURGUNDYIamsorry,then,youhavesolostafatherThatyoumustloseahusband.CORDELIAPeacebewithBurgundy!

Sincethatrespectsoffortunearehislove,Ishallnotbehiswife.KINGOFFRANCEFairestCordelia,thatartmostrich,beingpoor;Mostchoice,forsaken(被棄);andmostloved,despised(被輕視)!TheeandthyvirtueshereIseizeupon:BeitlawfulItakeupwhat'scastaway.Gods,gods!'tisstrangethatfromtheircold'stneglect(忽略)Myloveshouldkindle(激起)toinflamedrespect.Thydowerlessdaughter,king,throwntomychance,Isqueenofus,ofours,andourfairFrance:NotallthedukesofwaterishBurgundyCanbuythisunprizedpreciousmaidofme.Bidthemfarewell(告別),Cordelia,thoughunkind:Thoulosesthere,abetterwheretofind.LEARThouhasther,France:letherbethine;forweHavenosuchdaughter,norshalleverseeThatfaceofhersagain.ThereforebegoneWithoutourgrace,ourlove,ourbenison(祝福).Come,nobleBurgundy.[Flourish.ExeuntallbutKINGOFFRANCE,GONERIL,REGAN,andCORDELIA]KINGOFFRANCEBidfarewelltoyoursisters.CORDELIAThejewelsofourfather,withwash'deyesCordelialeavesyou:Iknowyouwhatyouare;Andlikeasisterammostloath(不愿意的)tocallYourfaultsastheyarenamed.Usewellourfather:ToyourprofessedbosomsIcommithimButyet,alas,stoodIwithinhisgrace,Iwouldpreferhimtoabetterplace.So,farewelltoyouboth.REGANPrescribenotusourduties.GONERILLetyourstudyBetocontentyour