高考英語閱讀之說明文基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練（基礎(chǔ)版）

PAGEPAGE122022高考英語閱讀之說明文基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練（基礎(chǔ)版）(A)Alotofpeoplefeelthatit’smuchhardertolearnaforeignlanguageasyougrowolder—andthey’reright.Anewstudyfoundthatifyouwanttoachievetheproficiency(精通)ofanativespeaker,you’dbeststartwhenyou’re10yearsold.Thereisalotofevidencethatshowschildrenfinditmucheasierthanadultstolearnaforeignlanguage,whichhasmaderesearcherssuggestthatthereisan“importantperiod”forlanguagelearning.Butuntilnow,noonehasreallybeensurewhatthatageperiodis.Now,MITresearchersbelievetheyhavesolvedoneofthosethings.Theyfoundthatthewindowstartstoclosewhenyou’reabout10yearsold.Althoughchildrenupto17or18learnanewlanguagefasterthanadults,andtheirabilitydropsslowerthanthatinadults,itbecomesverydifficulttoreachtheproficiencyofanativespeakerifyoustartlaterthanage10.Thefindingsarebasedonananalysisofagrammartesttakenbynearly670,000people.Researcherstooksnapshots(快照)ofthousandsofpeoplewhowereindifferentstagesoflearningEnglish.Theyalsousedagamecalled“WhichEnglish?”tojudgewhichdialectofEnglishthetest-takerspeaks.Withinhoursafterbeingpostedonthesocialmedia,the10-minutetest“WhichEnglish?”spreadquickly.Researchersfoundthatthegrammar-learningabilityremainsstronguntilage17or18,afterwhichitstartstodrop—whichwasratherunexpected.It’snotclearwhythedropstartstohappen.Itmayeitherbeaculturalreasonorabiologicalone.Youshouldn’tletthisdisappointyou.Evenifit’sabitharder,youshouldtryit.It’snotjusttheabilitytotalktosomeonefromanothercountry.Studieshaveshownthatlearningasecondorthirdlanguagedoeswondersforyourbrainandmentalhealth.1.Whatdoestheword“window”inParagraph3referto?A.Agoodperiodtolearnaforeignlanguage.B.Abetterwaytosolveaproblem.C.Theabilitytolearnaforeignlanguage.D.Agoodmemorytorecitenewforeignwords.2.What’sthefunctionof“WhichEnglish?”?A.Itisakindofgrammartest.B.ItisanewmethodoflearningEnglish.C.IthelpsanalyzethewaytolearnEnglish.D.ItcantellwhatkindofEnglishpeoplespeak.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Cultureaffectslanguagelearninggreatly.B.Learningaforeignlanguagecanbeveryuseful.C.Youhadbetternotlearnanewlanguagewhenold.D.Theauthordoesn’tthinktheresearchiscomplete.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whenisthebesttimetolearnaforeignlanguage?B.Whatkindofpeoplearefitforlearningaforeignlanguage?C.ThingsweshouldcareforwhenlearningaforeignlanguageD.Somespecialwaystolearnaforeignlanguage(B)RosieDuttonteachesaweeklyclassfor10-and11-year-olds.Duringarecentclass,Duttonusedapplestobrilliantlyexplaintheeffectsofbullying.RosieDuttonstartedoutbyshowingtheclasstwoperfect-lookingapples.Butunknowntothestudents,shehaddroppedoneoftheapplesrepeatedlyonthefloor.Shepickedupthedroppedappleandbeganinsulting(侮辱;損害)it.“IstartedtotellthechildrenhowIdislikedthisapple,thatIthoughtitwasuglyanditwasahorriblecolor,"Duttonwrote."Itoldthemthatbecauseldidn'tlikeit,Ididn'twantthemtolikeiteither.”Theypassedthatapplearoundinacircleandthekidsjoinedinontheinsults.Then,Duttontookacompletelydifferentapproachwiththeotherapple.“Wethenpassedanotherapplearoundandstartedtosaykindwordstoit,”the31-year-oldwrote.Sheeventuallycutbothofthemopentorevealthattheapplethathadbeeninsultedwasbruised(青腫的)inside.Theapplethatreceivedpraisewasn't.“Whenpeoplearebullied,especiallychildren,theyfeelhorribleinsideandsometimesdon'tshowortellothershowtheyarefeeling,”Duttonwroteinherpost.“Ifwehadn'tcutthatappleopen,wewouldneverhaveknownhowmuchpainwehadcausedit.”“Unlikeanapple,wehavetheabilitytostopthisfromhappening.Wecanteachchildrenthatit'snotOKtosayunkindthingstoeachother,”the31-year-oldexplainedinherpost.Shelateradded,“Moreandmorehurtanddamagehappensinsideifnobodydoesanythingtostopthebullying.Let'screateagenerationofkind,caringchildren.”1.Whatdidn'tthestudentsknowinadvance?A.Shehaddroppedoneapplerepeatedlyonthefloor.B.Shehaddroppedtwoapplesrepeatedlyonthefloor.C.Thetwoappleswereperfect-lookinginappearance.D.Shehadpickedthetwoapplesfromthesametree.2.HowdidRosieDuttonteachstudentsbadeffectsofbullying?A.Byreadingfamoussayings. B.Bylistingthenumbers.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byquotingsomeexamples.3.Attheendofthepassage,RosieDuttoncallsonstudentstobe.A.braveB.considerate C.active D.honest4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Onewomanfoundanincrediblewaytoteachahistorylesson.B.Peoplehavetheabilitytostopbullyingfromhappeningagain.C.Ateacherencouragesstudentstoputwhattheylearnedtouse.D.Ateacherusesabruisedappletoshowbadeffectsofbullying.(C)InhonoroftheUnitedNations’InternationalDayoftheGirlChildonSunday,firstladyMichelleObamadevelopedherpassion(熱情)forpromotinggirls’educationandstatedthereasonwhyshestartedthe#62MillionGirlscampaignrecently.“WhenIwasachild,myfamilydidn’thavemuchmoney.Myfatherhadtodothreepart－timejobstosupportourfamily.Andneitherofmyparentshadgotacollegedegree,buttheyweredeterminedtoletmereceivethebesteducationandtheythoughteducationwaseverythingforme.ItwasthestartingpointforeverychanceIhadhadinmylife.However,manygirlsnevergetthatchance,”shesaidinaninterview.“AsItravelaroundtheworld,IfindthatthesegirlsaresobrightandsohungryforknowledgeandIreallyseemyselfamongthem.”InSeptember,MichelleObamastarted#62MillionGirlstostressthefactthattensofmillionsofgirlsworldwideareunabletoattendschool.“Iwantyoungwomentoknowaboutthemandbeinspiredbythem,nottotaketheireducationforgranted(不把……當(dāng)回事),”Michellesaid.“Ifyoueverfacechallengesatschoolandstarttogetupset,Iwantyoutoremindyourselfthatthereare62milliongirlsaroundtheworldwhowillgiveanythingtobeinyourposition.”Intheinterview,MichelleObamaalsosharedadviceonhowtoachievesuccessincollege.“Don’tbeafraidtoaskforhelp.Ifyou’restrugglinginclass,gotoyourprofessor’soffice.Ifyou’rehavingtroublewritingapaper,gotothelibrary.Ifyou’restrugglingwithdifficultiesinyourlife,seekoutanadvisororacounselor(指導(dǎo)老師)andtalkwithhimaboutthem,”shesaid.“Gettinghelpwhenyouneeditdoesn’tmakeyouweak；itmakesyousmart.”1.WhenMichelleObamawasalittlechild,________.A.shedreamedoftravelingaroundtheworldB.shetookhereducationforgrantedC.shelivedapoorandtoughlifeD.shemissedseveralchancestoreceiveeducation2.#62MillionGirlswasstartedto________.A.stresstheimportanceofeducationB.raisemoneyforpoorandhungrygirlsC.drawpeople’sattentiontowomen’sstatusD.encouragegirlstovaluetheireducation3.InMichelleObama’sopinion,________.A.professors’classesshouldbetreasuredB.studentsshouldlearntoteachthemselvesC.it’squiteOKforcollegestudentstoseekhelpD.strugglingwithdifficultiesisquitecommoninlife4.Thetextisprobablytakenfrom________.A.adiaryB.anewsreportC.anadvertisementD.children’sliterature(D)WhatwouldhappeniftheAmazonrainforestdisappeared?TheAmazonrainforestisoneofthemostamazingplacesonearth.Itcovers40%ofSouthAmerica,drivestheSouthAmericaneconomyandstores86billiontonsofcarbon.Thatwould

otherwisebepollutingouratmosphere.However,about750,000squarekilometersofrainforesthave

beendestroyedsince1978，allthankstohumans.Ifthiscontinues，theAmazonrainforestcould

disappearwithin100years.Howbadwouldthatbeforourplanet?Well,let'stakealook.Forstarters*wedbelosingahugeamountofourplanet’sbiodiversity(生物多樣性).TheAmazonrainforesthasmoreplantandanimal

speciesthananyotherecosystemontheland.IfwedestroytheAmazon,wewillbedestroyingallthat

diversitytoo,andruininganentireecosystematthesametime.Thatwouldhavehugeeffectsonearth.WedallquicklyrealizehowmuchwehavebeenrelyingontheAmazon’sresourcesforfoodandmedicine.Mostpeoplearesurprisedwhentheyfindoutthat

hundredsofdrugshavecomefromthingsintheAmazonrainforest.Sowhoknowswhatotherimportanttreatmentswecouldlosewithouttherainforest?ButthemostcriticalproblemwewouldfaceiftheAmazoncompletelydisappearedwouldbeafasterpaceofclimate

change.IftheAmazonrainforestcontinueslowitheranddie,itwillstopbeingasourceofoxygen.

Someexpertsbelievethatifthishappens,wewouldlosethehatlieagainstclimatechange.Butitisnot

alldoomandgloom.ThereisstillhopefortheAmazonrainforest.Throughstudiesconductedoverthepastseveraldecades,researcheshavefoundthatrainforestsmaybeabletosurvivehuman-causeddestructioneven

withouthumanhelp.Arainforestcanstartgrowingagainifithasenoughseedlings(樹苗).However,

thiscanonlybesuccessfuliftherainforestisn'talwaysunderattack.Sowhatcanyoudotohelp?1.ThedestructionoftheAmazonrainforestismainlycausedby_______.A.humanactivities

B.

climate

change

C.atmospherepollutionD.thegovernment2.WhatwillNOTbetheresultofthedisappearanceoftheAmazonrainforest?A.Thevarietyofspecieswilldecrease.B.Someimportantmedicinemaybelost.C.Wecannotgetsomefoodfromtherainforest.D.Thespeedofclimatechangewillslowdown.3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheAmazonrainforest?A.Disappointed.

B.Hopeful.

C.Pessimistic.

D.Indifferent.4.Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutinthenextparagraphofthisarticle?A.Previousstudiesoftropicalrainforests.B.Seriousattacksmadebyhumanbeings.C.Individual’sactionstoprotecttherainforest.D.Variousreasonsforthedamagetotherainforest.（E)TherearemultipleexperiencesaWesternercandescribeasa“cultureshock”inChina,oneofthefastest-growingeconomies,likeeatingmouthwateringbaoziforbreakfast.Theseexperiences,however,paledincomparisontotheoneIexperiencedduringmytimeinanorganizationI’vebeenservinginfortwoyearstoprovidefreeeducationaltoursatmyleisure—theadvancementandequalizingofChina’sknownwealthdisparity（差異）throughthesocialnetworkandcashlesspaymentgiant（巨頭）,WeChat,whichIrarelyusedbefore.Lastmonth,theorganizationledathrillingtriptocamp.Initially,wewentthroughavillagekeptalivebytheresidents.Theviewstherearesoattractiveandrefreshing.Walkingthroughendlessredappletrees,Isawanelderlywomanwhogentlyofferedtosellmeapples.Unfortunately,IinformedherIdidn’thavecashonhand.ShequicklytoldmetoscantheQRcode（二維碼）onherphone,whichinsecondswouldgetmymoneyintoherbankaccountviaWeChat.Needlesstosay,Iwasblownaway.Andofcourse,theapplesweretasty.Asanadvocateoffinancialgrowthopportunitiesinunder-servedcommunities,itwasinspiringtowitnessthattechnologyletspeoplecontributetotheeconomyregardlessofsocioeconomicbackgroundinChina.Thoughthesocioeconomicproblemsremaintosomeextent,accesstoandadoptionoftechnologycreatingfinancialopportunitiestransformsthelivesofeverydaycitizensandenablescommunitiestoflower.WhileIoncedidn’tbelievea“cashlesssociety”waspossibleandthoughtitcouldcausemoreunfavorableconditions,Inowstandcorrected.PerhapsitmighttakelongerforNewYorkCitytoadapt,aswelagbehindinthistransformationandthereissomuchwecanlearn.Ialsowonderwhatthehumanracecanachievewhentechnologyprovidesendlessopportunitiesforpeopleofallbackgroundstoadvance.1.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusabouttheauthor?A.Sheisstrugglingwithcultureshock.B.ShereallyenjoysChinesebreakfast.C.Shedoesvoluntaryworkwhenfree.D.Shelikesusingsocialnetworks.2.Whichofthefollowingsurprisedtheauthorduringthetrip?A.Sceneryofthevillage. B.Tasteoftheapples.C.PopularityofWeChat. D.Thewayofpaying.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoacashlesssociety?A.Critical. B.Positive.C.Concerned. D.Curious.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TechnologyhelpsnarrowthewealthgapB.NewYorkwillbethenextcashlesssocietyC.HumanswillachievemorewithtechnologyD.Chinabecomesthefastest-growingeconomy（F)Magicisaformofentertainmentthatisbasedonpretendingtodothingsthatareimpossible.Themagicianisaspeciallytrainedactor.Hetriestomaketheaudiencebelievethathehasthepowertodothingswhichareagainstthelawsofnature.Magicshowsareentertainingaslongastheaudiencedoesnotdiscoverhowthetricksaredone.Themagicianusuallydependsonhisskillwithhishands,onhisknowledgeofpsychology,and,sometimes,onmechanicaldevices（機械裝置）.Sincemagicperformanceismeanttotrickpeople,theuseofpsychologyisimportant.Themagicianmustkeeppeoplefromnoticingallthemovementsofhishandsandfromthinkingaboutthesecretpartsofhisequipment.Hemustalsoleadtheaudiencetodrawfalseconclusions.Themagician'ssuccessdependsonthefactthatmanythingsseenbytheeyearenotthethingsthatmatter.Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.