一形容詞比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化規(guī)律

1、學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載形容詞級(jí)的變化規(guī)律和級(jí)的用法、形容詞級(jí)的變化:1、規(guī)律變化:單音詞的變化：（四條）一般情況：+er（比較級(jí)）+est（最高級(jí)）eg :quiet-quieter-the quietestbright-brighter-the brightest 明亮 /聰明的dear-dearest-the dearestclever-cleverer-the cleverest詞末為-e （不發(fā)音）+ r -+steg:fi ne-fi ner-the fin estnice-ni cer-the nicestcute-cuter-the cutestclose-closer-the cl

2、osestwhite-whiter-the whitestlarge-larger-the largestfree-freer-freest（特殊）重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的:雙寫(xiě)輔音字母+er-雙寫(xiě)輔音字母+esteg:hot-hotter-the hottestbig -bigger-the biggestred-redder-the reddestwet-wetter-the wettestsad-sadder-the saddestfat-fatter-the fattestthin-thi nn er-the thi nnestfit-fitter-fittest少數(shù)以輔音字

3、母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)原根詞:變y為i+er 變 y為i+est形容詞和副詞用法比較形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)中主要用于比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。形容詞和副 詞的構(gòu)成形式基本上一樣，它們的形式與單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)有關(guān)，當(dāng)然還有其 特殊形式。形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的基本用法分為同級(jí)比較、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三種形 式。但這三種形式都有它們特殊的表達(dá)方式以及它們的慣用法。對(duì)以下要點(diǎn)大家須一 一掌握。第一節(jié)形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式、形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化形式規(guī)則如下構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單音節(jié)詞末尾力口er 禾 口est str ong stron ger str on ge

4、st單音節(jié)詞如果以e結(jié)尾,只力口 r 禾 口st stra nge stra nger stra ngest閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,須先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er和est sadbighot sadderbiggerhotter saddestbiggesthottest少數(shù)以y,er(或ure),ow.ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,末尾加 er和est(以y結(jié)尾的詞,如y前是輔音字母,把y變成i,再加er和est，以e結(jié)尾的詞仍只力口r 禾Rst) angryclevern arrowno ble an griercleverern arrowerno bler an grestcle

5、verestn arrowestno blest其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和most different morediffere nt mostdiffere nt1) The most high Amountain in Bthe world is Mount Everest ， which is situated Cin Nepal and istwentynine thousa nd one hun dred and fourty one feet highD.2) This house is spaciouser Athan that Bwhite CRapid Cit

6、y， South Dakota Dlast year.one I bought in3) Research in the social Asciences often proves difficulter similar Cwork in the physical Dsciences.Bthan二、形容詞比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)的特殊形式:1.三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上音節(jié)的形容詞只能加more和most只能說(shuō) more beautiful 而不能說(shuō) beautifuller; 只能說(shuō) the most beautiful 而不能說(shuō) beautifullest。但是，以形容前綴un結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，

7、如unhappy,untidy ，我們可以說(shuō)：unhappier f unhappiest, untidier f untidiest2.由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過(guò)來(lái)的形容詞（包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如 knowknown）只能加more或most來(lái)表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)more(most) strik ing, more(most) in terest ing, more(most) woun ded, more(most)worn 等。4) The drawings Aof the old masters Bare among the treasuredest C works in museum

8、s D3.英語(yǔ)里有些形容詞由于其詞義而不可能有比較級(jí)形式absolute fatal main right uni versalchief final n aked simulta- utteren tire foremost p erfect n eous vitaleternal in evitablepo ssible sufficie nt wholeexcelle nt infin ite p rimary sup reme woode n三、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式goodwellbetterbestbadillworseworstmanymuchmoremostlittl

9、efew lessleastfar fartherfarthestfurther furthest,fiercer , and difficulter Ato tame B5) Africa n ele phants are larger than CAsian elephants D6) Sarah Hale became A editors in the Un ited States duri ngone of the famousest Bmagazine C Dthe 1800' s.7) Of all Athe Native America n tribes B , the

10、Shaw nee In dia ns wereC a most D transient.四、例題解析1) A 錯(cuò)。應(yīng)將“ most high "改為highest。這是在考形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成形式。2) A 錯(cuò)。改為 more spacious。3) B 錯(cuò)。改為 more difficult。4） C 錯(cuò)。"寶貴的、珍貴的”意思，修飾名詞treasured。treasured在本句中是ED分詞（動(dòng)詞treasure + ed）作形容詞使用，是 works（作品），其最高級(jí)形式應(yīng)用the most5) A 錯(cuò),改為 more difficult。6） B 錯(cuò)?；瘧?yīng)在前面加改為

11、“ the most famous “ the most ”?！?因?yàn)閒amous（著名的）是雙音節(jié)，其最高級(jí)變7） D 錯(cuò)。意為“（延續(xù)時(shí)間）最短暫的”。應(yīng)改為“the most ”，因?yàn)榇颂幈硎镜氖亲罡呒?jí)，“the most tran sie nt”第二節(jié)副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣般副詞hard f harder f hardestfast f faster f fastestlate f later f latest early f earlier f earliest特殊副詞well f better f best much f more f

12、 most badly f worse f worstly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣f more quietly f most quietlylittle f less f least但是，開(kāi)放類副詞即以后綴 加 er或est，女口quickly f more quickly f most quickly quietly注：early中的ly不是后綴，故可以把y變 i再加 er和 est第三節(jié)形容詞與副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的基本用法、原級(jí)比較的基本用法1.原級(jí)比較由“ as +形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語(yǔ))+ as ”構(gòu)成“原級(jí)相同”比 較句，表示兩者比較；其否定式，即“程度不及”比較句型為“n

13、 ot so(as) +形容詞或副詞+ as",而且asas結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite 等表示程度的詞修飾1） Walk ing briskly for thirty minu tes will bur n as many calories as .Ato run for fiftee n minu tesrunning for fiftee n minu tesyou run for fiftee n minu tesDfiftee nmi nute walki ng2） The gorilla（ 大猩猩）, while A not quite

14、 as curious than chimpanzee（黑猩猩）,shows more persistenee in solving Da problem.BtheC and memory retention（ 記憶力）3） Alaska is twice Aas larger BasTexas.Cthe next largest Dstate ,2.“ as (so名詞+ as +名詞"進(jìn)行名詞比較，比較詞，但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)用 不用as這時(shí)一般情況下有一個(gè)表示原級(jí)的so而4） Thomas Jeffers on s achieveme n

15、ts as an architect rival his con tributi ons aP oliticia n.AsuchBmoreCasDthan5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a rep orter. (88年考題）AthatBsoCthisDas二、比較級(jí)1.比較級(jí)由“形容詞（副詞）比較級(jí)+ than +，”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另 一方“更加”。連詞than后可接句子，也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、 動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、ING結(jié)構(gòu)和 ED結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可省去 than。6) Natural mica( 云母)of

16、Aa superior obtain than synthetic Dmica.Bquality is cheapest Cto7) She is older tha n .any other girl in the gro upany girl in the groupCall girls in the groupDyou and me as well as the group“Santa Cruz Sentinel ” in 1905 and remainedC active in journalistic8) Jose phine McCrack in joined Atheuntil

17、her death fifteen years late B， D work.2.注意than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致9) The purpose of the research had a more imp orta nt meaning for them tha n .AoursBwith usCfor ours it hadDit did for us10) Sou nd travels air.Afaster through water tha n throughBfaster than through water andCthrough water faster and Dwh

18、ere it is faster through water tha nthrough11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout , one of Rembrand ' s pupils, followed A the style of his teacher so implicitly that B his paintings C are sometimes con fused with his master D三、最高級(jí)1.最高級(jí)用于三者以上比較，形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+名 詞+ 表示范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句" (如 all, of all, o

19、f the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place 等)12) The more Afearsome of all theD Hemis phere is the grizzly bear.B ani mals in Cthe Western13) Of all economic Aproblems ,most significant in its daily impact on Din flati on con ti nues to bepeople and bus in ess.B a C14),the most familiar to

20、gen eral p ublic is the crim inal jurisdict ion.All the activitiesThe activitiesOf all the activitiesDIt is the activities2.副詞的最咼級(jí)與形容詞最咼級(jí)的區(qū)別在于最咼級(jí)前沒(méi)有定冠詞the四、例題解析1) B為正確答案。2) B 錯(cuò)。改為as，和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較。3) B 錯(cuò)。改為 as large。4) C 對(duì)。con tributi ons(as,使前后對(duì)比成分一致。動(dòng)詞rival(勝過(guò)、匹敵)前后是兩個(gè)相比較的成分 achieve

21、ments(成果)和 貢獻(xiàn))，由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語(yǔ) as an architect ,故空白處也應(yīng)用5) B為正確答案。6) C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)cheaper。比較級(jí)后并不一定跟接連詞 than，有時(shí)在其間 有名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)(被形容詞所修飾)，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式或其他成分隔開(kāi)。7) A為正確答案?！?She作為單個(gè)不能跟全組比(C和D不對(duì))，也不能跟全組所 有相比，因?yàn)椤八币彩瞧渲幸粏T，自然“她”不能跟自己相比。這里“She”比較的A對(duì)。是“這組中的任何一個(gè)”，所以8) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)later，因此處實(shí)為與1905年相比晚15年，故應(yīng)使用比較 級(jí)。9) D為正確答案。10) A為正

22、確答案。11) D 錯(cuò)。改為 his master '12） A 錯(cuò)。改為 most。13） C錯(cuò)。改為the , significant是多音節(jié)形容詞，在此處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)形式（在前面加the most），注意句中的“ of all。"14） C為正確答案。本句空白處缺狀語(yǔ)， A和B全為名詞短語(yǔ)，不符合條件；D為句子，和空白后面的句子沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系，故亦應(yīng)排除。只有C正確，和后面的最高級(jí)the most familiar 前后呼應(yīng)。第四節(jié)形容詞和副詞的特殊表達(dá)法一、形容詞與副詞的同級(jí)比較：由“as（so）as”出，其否定式為“ not so或"not asas”考生還應(yīng)

23、注意下列含有“ as”結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)的句子1. as such :表示上文所指明的事或人He is a child,a nd must be treated as such.他是個(gè)孩子，必須被當(dāng)作孩子對(duì)待。2. as much :表示“與同量”Take as much as you like.拿多少都行。I would gladly have p aid twice as much for it.它買(mǎi)下的。就是價(jià)格再貴一倍，我也會(huì)愿意把He as much as admitted the whole story.他幾乎全部承認(rèn)了。3. as many :表示"與一樣多”I found s

24、ix mistakes in as many lin es.我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個(gè)錯(cuò)。二、表示"幾倍于”的比較級(jí)：用twice （兩倍），four times （四倍），ten times（十倍）加上asa結(jié)構(gòu)This one is four times as big as that o ne.這個(gè)是那個(gè)的四倍大。 (這個(gè)比那個(gè)大三倍。)/ Our campus is three times as large as yours.我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。/He has books twice as many as she does. 他的書(shū)比她多一倍。1) The five year

25、deal obligates A the country to buy nine million tonsB of grain a year C , three million more as D the old pact s minimum.“the same +名詞+ as”表示同等比較2) The lens of a camera p erforms the lens of the eye.A in the same function B the same function asCthe function is the same as D and has the same functio

26、n3) The elim in ati on of in flati on would en sure that the amount of money used in repaying a loa n wouldhave as the amount of money borrowed.A as the same value B the same valueCvalue as the same D the value is the same等詞語(yǔ)表四、比較級(jí)前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,ma ny, much示不定量，far

27、, compl etely,still表示程度或更進(jìn)一步A4) There are now methods for study ing color visio n in infan ts tha n there once were.more sop histicated tha nmuch more sop histicated much sop histicated sop histicated5) The p hotogra phs of Mars take n by satellite are tha n those take n from the Earth.AclearestBthe

28、 clearestCmuch clearerDmore clearer6) Com mon porpo ises( 海豚)are usually not con sidered Amigratory ， although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in winter.兼有兩種形式的副詞1) close 與 closelyclose意思是"近"；closely意思是"仔細(xì)地"He is sitti ng close to me.Watch him closely.2) late 與 latelylate意思是"晚"；lately意思是"最近"You have come too late.What have you bee n doing lately?3) dee p 與 dee plydeep意思是"深"，表示空間深度；dee ply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"He pu shed the stick dee p