6.1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)知識(shí)梳理與挖空練

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一．1.結(jié)構(gòu) have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞否定句 haven’t/hasn’t+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞疑問(wèn)句 Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞？肯定回答Yes,主語(yǔ)+has/have.否定回答No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t.2.過(guò)去分詞的變化A直接加edB不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加dC輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變?yōu)閕再加edD以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)詞尾輔音字母，再加edE不規(guī)則變化見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表3.過(guò)去分詞ed發(fā)音規(guī)律清念/t/元濁/d//t//d/以后念/id/finished borrowed wantedpassed enjoyed shoutedhelped called neededcooked moved counted4.havebeento表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在不在那里了），后面可接去過(guò)某地的次數(shù)，如once,twice,threetimes等。havegoneto表示已經(jīng)去了某地（現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有返回）。havebeenin表示在某地多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了，常在含有for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中使用。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一1.youevertoBeijing?No,I.2.WhereisMike?HetoBeijingalready.3.Whereyou?Icouldn’tfindyou.4.youruncletotheGreatWallyet?Yes,he.5.MrSmithJapanforthreeyears.6.China[r??p?:tid]thatwehasalreadymadegreatprogressinthepast20years.7.We[?s?t?sfa?d]people’sneedswithmorekindsoffoodandclothes.【答案】1.Havebeen;haven’t 2.hasgoneto 3.have,been4.has,gone 5.hasbeenin 6.reported7.satisfied二．句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Chinahasdevelopedrapidlysincethereformandopeningup.(改為疑問(wèn)句)rapidlysincethereformandopeningup?2.ShehasgonetoCubatobeavolunteer.SheCubatobeavolunteersincethissummerholiday.3.I’velearntalotfromit.(改為否定句)Ialotfromit.4.Haveyoubeentoanyotherplace?,.(肯定回答)1.HasChinadeveloped 2.hasbeenin3.haven’tlearnt 4.Yes,Ihave.二．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與下列副詞連用：already已經(jīng)（多用于肯定陳述句，句中）yet尚，還，仍然（多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句，句末）ever曾經(jīng)（多用于疑問(wèn)句，句中）recently最近（多用于句末）never從不（多用于否定句，句中）just僅僅（多用于肯定句句中）before之前（一般位于句末）用just,already,yet,recently,ever,never填空a.HaveyoubeentotheWestLake?No,Ihavebeenthere.b.Ihavereadthenoveltwice.c.Haveyoufinishedyourwork?d.Ihaven’theardfromher.e.Hehasgoneshoppingwithhisparents.f.Ihaveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.g.Jackhasfinishedhishomework.h.Hasthebusleft?Yes,ithasleft.i.你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)法國(guó)嗎？HaveyoubeentoFrance?j.以前我從沒(méi)丟過(guò)書(shū)。Ihavelostbooksbefore.【答案】a:ever;never b:already c:yet d:recently/yet/before e:already/justf.never g.just/already h.yet,already/just I.everJ.neveri.ever;never三．—現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.Hehasbeenawayfromthearmyfornineyearsbecauseofalegwound.(1)for和since區(qū)別for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短，即多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，時(shí)間段用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起點(diǎn)，即時(shí)間點(diǎn)，指具體的年，月，日，時(shí)，星期幾sincesince+一段時(shí)間+ago，表示自……時(shí)間前開(kāi)始至今since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句時(shí)間段+haspassedsince+一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句(2)leave為瞬間性動(dòng)詞（短暫性），不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如果有時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞?！炬溄印砍Ｒ?jiàn)短暫變延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞die——bedead borrow/lend——keep e/go——beinbuy——have leave——beaway(from) finish——beoverbegin/start——beon open——beopen close——beclosedbee——be join——beinhave/hasbeen+adj./prep.have/haskepthave/hashadfor+時(shí)間段have/hasbeen+adj./prep.have/haskepthave/hashadfor+時(shí)間段since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Howlong疑問(wèn)句用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIrelandMonday.2.JillhasbeeninIrelandthreedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.8.Mikehasbeenilla