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1、 PAGE45 / NUMPAGES50 2011屆畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)論文 題目:基于單片機(jī)的LED點(diǎn)陣屏設(shè)計(jì)院系名稱(chēng): 信息科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院 專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí): 電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)06級(jí)2班 學(xué)生:* * * 學(xué)號(hào):指導(dǎo)教師: * * * 教師職稱(chēng): 教授 2010 年 6月 2日( :659278055, Email:blaiter163.)摘 要 LED顯示屏是一種通過(guò)控制半導(dǎo)體發(fā)光二極管的顯示方式,它是由很多個(gè)紅色的發(fā)光二極管組成,靠燈的亮滅來(lái)顯示字符。LED顯示屏分為數(shù)碼顯示屏、圖文顯示屏和視頻顯示屏,均由LEDHYPERLINK :/baike.baidu /view/10337.htm矩陣塊組成。

2、目前由于LED顯示屏造價(jià)昂貴,主要應(yīng)用于比較高檔的場(chǎng)所,主要集中在城市的繁華場(chǎng)所,在正在舉辦的2010年世博會(huì)、未來(lái)各項(xiàng)大型運(yùn)動(dòng)賽事等新增需求,都將促使LED顯示屏的大規(guī)模發(fā)展。此外,已架設(shè)的大型LED顯示屏幕每10年將歷經(jīng)一次換機(jī)潮,隨著人們生活水平的提高,戶外LED顯示屏將逐漸應(yīng)用于各個(gè)行業(yè)。 本設(shè)計(jì)主要實(shí)現(xiàn)16*16LED顯示屏對(duì)文字與簡(jiǎn)單圖像的顯示,擴(kuò)展功能有實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘與實(shí)時(shí)溫度采集,并通過(guò)LCD1602與LED點(diǎn)陣屏靜態(tài)與滾動(dòng)顯示。設(shè)計(jì)分為三大步,分別是軟件設(shè)計(jì),硬件仿真與實(shí)物制作,兼顧理論性與實(shí)用性,充分體現(xiàn)了理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合,設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中不僅學(xué)到了很多有用的知識(shí),也增長(zhǎng)了自己的專(zhuān)業(yè)技

3、能,提高了自己的動(dòng)手能力。關(guān)鍵詞: LED 顯示屏 發(fā)光二極管 半導(dǎo)體Title LED Dot Matrix Display Design Based on SCMAbstractLED display is the display mode controlling by the semiconductor light emitting diode, it probably looks like that composition by a number of led is usually a red light-emitting diodes which show character by

4、the LED on and off.LED display is divided into Digital display, Graphic display and Video display, which is compositioned by LED matrix block. As the cost of LED display expensive currently,mainly used in relatively high places, concentrated in the cities bustling place ,being held in the Shanghai W

5、orld Expo 2010, Future large-scale sporting events and other additional requirements will promote large-scale development of LED display. In addition, the original large-scale LED display screen will be updating once per 10 years, with the improvement of peoples living standard, outdoor LED display

6、will gradually be used in various industries.The main achievement of this design is 16 * 16LED display show the text and simple images ,the extension function include real-time clock and real-time temperature measurement which is dispalyed by LCD1602 and LED dot matrix display screen. This design is

7、 divided into three big steps,which is software design, hardware simulation and in-kind production,fully reflects the combination of theory and practice.From this design process ,Im not only learned a lot of useful knowledge,also increase my professional skillsand Improve my practical ability.Keywor

8、ds LED Display Semiconductor 目 次 TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc263782264摘要 PAGEREF _Toc263782264 h IHYPERLINK l _Toc263782265Abstract PAGEREF _Toc263782265 h IIHYPERLINK l _Toc2637822661緒論 PAGEREF _Toc263782266 h 1HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822671.1半導(dǎo)體技術(shù) PAGEREF _Toc263782267 h 1HYPERLINK l _Toc263782268

9、1.1.1半導(dǎo)體簡(jiǎn)介 PAGEREF _Toc263782268 h 1HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822691.1.2半導(dǎo)體特點(diǎn) PAGEREF _Toc263782269 h 2HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822701.1.3半導(dǎo)體應(yīng)用與行業(yè)發(fā)展 PAGEREF _Toc263782270 h 2HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822711.2 發(fā)光二極管 PAGEREF _Toc263782271 h 2HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822721.2.1簡(jiǎn)介 PAGEREF _Toc263782272 h 2HYPERLINK l _Toc263

10、7822731.2.2結(jié)構(gòu)與發(fā)光原理 PAGEREF _Toc263782273 h 3HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822741.2.3發(fā)光二極管分類(lèi) PAGEREF _Toc263782274 h 4HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822751.3 LED顯示技術(shù) PAGEREF _Toc263782275 h 5HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822761.3.1什么是led顯示屏 PAGEREF _Toc263782276 h 5HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822771.3.2 LED顯示屏的分類(lèi) PAGEREF _Toc263782277 h 5

11、HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822781.3.3 led顯示屏市場(chǎng)前景 PAGEREF _Toc263782278 h 6HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822792主要IC與器件簡(jiǎn)介 PAGEREF _Toc263782279 h 7HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822802.1顯示設(shè)備 PAGEREF _Toc263782280 h 7HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822812.1.1點(diǎn)陣顯示屏模塊 PAGEREF _Toc263782281 h 7HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822822.1.2 LCD1602顯示器 PAGEREF _

12、Toc263782282 h 7HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822832.2主要芯片簡(jiǎn)介 PAGEREF _Toc263782283 h 8HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822842.2.1 STC單片機(jī) PAGEREF _Toc263782284 h 8HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822852.2.2 74HC595 PAGEREF _Toc263782285 h 9HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822862.2.3 時(shí)鐘芯片DS1302 PAGEREF _Toc263782286 h 10HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822872.2.

13、4 溫度傳感器DS18B20 PAGEREF _Toc263782287 h 10HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822883 基于單片機(jī)的LED顯示屏程序設(shè)計(jì)與仿真 PAGEREF _Toc263782288 h 12HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822893.1程序設(shè)計(jì) PAGEREF _Toc263782289 h 12HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822903.1.1設(shè)計(jì)思路 PAGEREF _Toc263782290 h 12HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822913.1.2子程序與頭文件代碼 PAGEREF _Toc263782291 h 12

14、HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822923.1.3工程建立與仿真 PAGEREF _Toc263782292 h 18HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822933.2硬件仿真 PAGEREF _Toc263782293 h 21HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822943.2.1仿真步驟與方法 PAGEREF _Toc263782294 h 21HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822953.2.2仿真中遇到的主要問(wèn)題與解決方案 PAGEREF _Toc263782295 h 23HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822964 基于單片機(jī)的LED顯示屏實(shí)體

15、設(shè)計(jì) PAGEREF _Toc263782296 h 24HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822974.1設(shè)計(jì)思路 PAGEREF _Toc263782297 h 24HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822984.2 系統(tǒng)搭建 PAGEREF _Toc263782298 h 25HYPERLINK l _Toc2637822994.3 整裝軟件硬件 PAGEREF _Toc263782299 h 28HYPERLINK l _Toc2637823005 LED與LED顯示屏未來(lái)發(fā)展展望 PAGEREF _Toc263782300 h 30HYPERLINK l _Toc2637

16、82301結(jié)論 PAGEREF _Toc263782301 h 31HYPERLINK l _Toc263782302致 PAGEREF _Toc263782302 h 32HYPERLINK l _Toc263782303參考文獻(xiàn) PAGEREF _Toc263782303 h 33HYPERLINK l _Toc263782304附錄:源程序 PAGEREF _Toc263782304 h 351緒論1.1半導(dǎo)體技術(shù) 半導(dǎo)體(semiconductor)1,指常溫下導(dǎo)電性能介于導(dǎo)體(conductor)與絕緣體(insulator)之間的材料。半導(dǎo)體在收音機(jī)、電視機(jī),電腦,以與測(cè)溫上有著廣

17、泛的應(yīng)用。1.1.1半導(dǎo)體簡(jiǎn)介 物質(zhì)存在的形式多種多樣,固體、液體、氣體、等離子體等等。我們通常把導(dǎo)電性和導(dǎo)電導(dǎo)熱性差或不好的材料,如金剛石、人工晶體、琥珀、瓷等等,稱(chēng)為絕緣體。而把導(dǎo)電、導(dǎo)熱都比較好的金屬如金、銀、銅、鐵、錫、鋁等稱(chēng)為導(dǎo)體??梢院?jiǎn)單的把介于導(dǎo)體和絕緣體之間的材料稱(chēng)為半導(dǎo)體。與導(dǎo)體和絕緣體相比,半導(dǎo)體材料的發(fā)現(xiàn)是最晚的,直到20世紀(jì)30年代,當(dāng)材料的提純技術(shù)改進(jìn)以后,半導(dǎo)體的存在才真正被學(xué)術(shù)界認(rèn)可。圖1-1 物質(zhì)導(dǎo)電能力普 半導(dǎo)體的分類(lèi),按照其制造技術(shù)可以分為:集成電路器件,分立器件、光電半導(dǎo)體、邏輯IC、模擬IC、儲(chǔ)存器等大類(lèi),一般來(lái)說(shuō)這些還會(huì)被分成小類(lèi)。此外還有以應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域、

18、設(shè)計(jì)方法等進(jìn)行分類(lèi),雖然不常用,但還是按照IC、LSI、VLSI(超大LSI)與其規(guī)模進(jìn)行分類(lèi)的方法。此外,還有按照其所處理的信號(hào),可以分成模擬、數(shù)字、模擬數(shù)字混成與功能進(jìn)行分類(lèi)的方法。1.1.2半導(dǎo)體特點(diǎn) 半導(dǎo)體五大特性電阻率特性,導(dǎo)電特性,光電特性,負(fù)的電阻率溫度特性,整流特性。在形成晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的半導(dǎo)體中,人為地?fù)饺胩囟ǖ碾s質(zhì)元素,導(dǎo)電性能具有可控性。在光照和熱輻射條件下,其導(dǎo)電性有明顯的變化。1.1.3半導(dǎo)體應(yīng)用與行業(yè)發(fā)展 最早的實(shí)用“半導(dǎo)體”是電晶體/ 二極體2。 一、在無(wú)線電收音機(jī)與電視機(jī)中,作為“訊號(hào)放大器 /整流器”用。 二、近來(lái)發(fā)展太陽(yáng)能,也用在光電池中。 三、半導(dǎo)體可以用來(lái)測(cè)量

19、溫度,測(cè)溫圍可以達(dá)到生產(chǎn)、生活、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、科研教學(xué)等應(yīng)用的70%的領(lǐng)域,有較高的準(zhǔn)確度和穩(wěn)定性,分辨率可達(dá)0.1,甚至達(dá)到0.01也不是不可能,線性度0.2%,測(cè)溫圍-100+300,是性價(jià)比極高的一種測(cè)溫元件。 世界半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)巨頭紛紛到國(guó)投資,整個(gè)半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)快速發(fā)展,這也要求材料業(yè)要跟上半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)發(fā)展的步伐??梢哉f(shuō),市場(chǎng)發(fā)展為半導(dǎo)體支撐材料業(yè)帶來(lái)前所未有的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。1.2 發(fā)光二極管1.2.1簡(jiǎn)介 發(fā)光二極管簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為L(zhǎng)ED3。由鎵(Ga)與砷(AS)、磷(P)的化合物制成的二極管,如圖1-2,當(dāng)電子與空穴復(fù)合時(shí)能輻射出可見(jiàn)光,因而可以用來(lái)制成發(fā)光二極管,在電路與儀器中作為指示燈,或者組成文字或

20、數(shù)字顯示。磷砷化鎵二極管發(fā)紅光,磷化鎵二極管發(fā)綠光,碳化硅二極管發(fā)黃光。 它是半導(dǎo)體二極管的一種,可以把電能轉(zhuǎn)化成光能;常簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為L(zhǎng)ED。發(fā)光二極管與普通二極管一樣是由一個(gè)PN結(jié)組成,也具有單向?qū)щ娦?。?dāng)給發(fā)光二極管加上正向電壓后,從P區(qū)注入到N區(qū)的空穴和由N區(qū)注入到P區(qū)的電子,在PN結(jié)附近數(shù)微米分別與N區(qū)的電子和P區(qū)的空穴復(fù)合,產(chǎn)生自發(fā)輻射的熒光。不同的半導(dǎo)體材料中電子和空穴所處的能量狀態(tài)不同。當(dāng)電子和空穴復(fù)合時(shí)釋放出的能量多少不同,釋放出的能量越多,則發(fā)出的光的波長(zhǎng)越短。常用的是發(fā)紅光、綠光或黃光的二極管,如圖1-3。 圖1-2 LED結(jié)構(gòu)圖 圖1-3 LED 發(fā)光二極管的反向擊穿電壓約5伏

21、。它的正向伏安特性曲線很陡,使用時(shí)必須串聯(lián)限流電阻以控制通過(guò)管子的電流。限流電阻R可用下式計(jì)算: 公式 式中E為電源電壓,為L(zhǎng)ED的正向壓降,為L(zhǎng)ED的一般工作電流。1.2.2結(jié)構(gòu)與發(fā)光原理50年前人們已經(jīng)了解半導(dǎo)體材料可產(chǎn)生光線的基本知識(shí),第一個(gè)商用二極管產(chǎn)生于1960年。LED是英文light emitting diode(發(fā)光二極管)的縮寫(xiě),圖1-4 LED構(gòu)造圖架子上,然后四周用環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂密封,起到保護(hù)部芯線的作用,所以LED的抗震性能好。 發(fā)光二極管的核心部分是由P型半導(dǎo)體和N型半導(dǎo)體組成的晶片,在P型半導(dǎo)體和N型半導(dǎo)體之間有一個(gè)過(guò)渡層,稱(chēng)為PN結(jié)。在某些半導(dǎo)體材料的PN結(jié)中,注入的少

22、數(shù)載流子與多數(shù)載流子復(fù)合時(shí)會(huì)把多余的能量以光的形式釋放出來(lái),從而把電能直接轉(zhuǎn)換為光能。PN結(jié)加反向電壓,少數(shù)載流子難以注入,故不發(fā)光。這種利用注入式電致發(fā)光原理制作的二極管叫發(fā)光二極管,通稱(chēng)LED。 當(dāng)它處于正向工作狀態(tài)時(shí)(即兩端加上正向電壓),電流從LED陽(yáng)極流向陰極時(shí),半導(dǎo)體晶體就發(fā)出從紫外到紅外不同顏色的光線,光的強(qiáng)弱與電流有關(guān)。1.2.3發(fā)光二極管分類(lèi) 發(fā)光二極管還可分為普通單色發(fā)光二極管、高亮度發(fā)光二極管、超高亮度發(fā)光二極管、變色發(fā)光二極管、閃爍發(fā)光二極管、電壓控制型發(fā)光二極管、紅外發(fā)光二極管和負(fù)阻發(fā)光二極管等。 1普通單色發(fā)光二極管普通單色發(fā)光二極管具有體積小、工作電壓低、工作電流

23、小、發(fā)光均勻穩(wěn)定、響應(yīng)速度快、壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可用各種直流、交流、脈沖等電源驅(qū)動(dòng)點(diǎn)亮。它屬于電流控制型半導(dǎo)體器件,使用時(shí)需串接合適的限流電阻。2(超)高亮度單色發(fā)光二極管(2種)高亮度單色發(fā)光二極管和超高亮度單色發(fā)光二極管使用的半導(dǎo)體材料與普通單色發(fā)光二極管不同,所以發(fā)光的強(qiáng)度也不同。3變色發(fā)光二極管變色發(fā)光二極管是能變換發(fā)光顏色的發(fā)光二極管。變色發(fā)光二極管發(fā)光顏色種類(lèi)可分為雙色發(fā)光二極管、三色發(fā)光二極管和多色(有紅、藍(lán)、綠、白四種顏色)發(fā)光二極管。變色發(fā)光二極管按引腳數(shù)量可分為二端變色發(fā)光二極管、三端變色發(fā)光二極管、四端變色發(fā)光二極管和六端變色發(fā)光二極管。4閃爍發(fā)光二極管閃爍發(fā)光二極管(BTS

24、)是一種由CMOS集成電路和發(fā)光二極管組成的特殊發(fā)光器件,可用于報(bào)警指示與欠壓、超壓指示。5電壓控制型發(fā)光二極管普通發(fā)光二極管屬于電流控制型器件,在使用時(shí)需串接適當(dāng)阻值的限流電阻。電壓控制型發(fā)光二極管(BTV)是將發(fā)光二極管和限流電阻集成制作為一體,使用時(shí)可直接并接在電源兩端。 6紅外發(fā)光二極管紅外發(fā)光二極管也稱(chēng)紅外線發(fā)射二極管,它是可以將電能直接轉(zhuǎn)換成紅外光(不可見(jiàn)光)并能輻射出去的發(fā)光器件,主要應(yīng)用于各種光控與遙控發(fā)射電路中。 圖1-5紅外發(fā)光LED1.3 LED顯示技術(shù)1.3.1什么是led顯示屏LED顯示屏4分為數(shù)碼顯示屏、圖文顯示屏和視頻顯示屏,均由LED矩陣塊組成。LED數(shù)碼顯示屏

25、的顯示器件為7段碼數(shù)碼管,適于制作時(shí)鐘屏、利率屏等,顯示數(shù)字的電子顯示屏。 圖文顯示屏可與計(jì)算機(jī)同步顯示漢字、英文文本和圖形;視頻顯示屏采用微型計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行控制,圖文、圖像并茂,以實(shí)時(shí)、同步、清晰的信息傳播方式播放各種信息,還可顯示二維、三維動(dòng)畫(huà)、錄像、電視、VCD節(jié)目以與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)況。LED顯示屏顯示畫(huà)面色彩鮮艷,立體感強(qiáng),靜如油畫(huà),動(dòng)如電影,廣泛應(yīng)用于金融、稅務(wù)、工商、郵電、體育、廣告、廠礦企業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸、教育系統(tǒng)、車(chē)站、碼頭、機(jī)場(chǎng)、商場(chǎng)、醫(yī)院、賓館、銀行、證券市場(chǎng)、建筑市場(chǎng)、拍賣(mài)行、工業(yè)企業(yè)管理和其它公共場(chǎng)所。1.3.2 LED顯示屏的分類(lèi)1、按顏色基色可以分為 單基色顯示屏:單一顏色(紅色或

26、綠色)。 雙基色顯示屏:紅和綠雙基色,256級(jí)灰度、可以顯示65536種顏色。 全彩色顯示屏:紅、綠、藍(lán)三基色,256級(jí)灰度的全彩色顯示屏可以顯 示一千六百多萬(wàn)種色。 2、按顯示器件分類(lèi) LED數(shù)碼顯示屏:顯示器件為7段碼數(shù)碼管,適于制作時(shí)鐘屏、利率屏等,顯示數(shù)字的電子顯示屏。 LED點(diǎn)陣圖文顯示屏:顯示器件是由許多均勻排列的發(fā)光二極管組成的點(diǎn)陣顯示模塊,適于播放文字、圖像信息。 LED視頻顯示屏:顯示器件是由許多發(fā)光二極管組成,可以顯示視頻、動(dòng)畫(huà)等各種視頻文件。3、按使用場(chǎng)合分類(lèi) 室顯示屏:發(fā)光點(diǎn)較小,一般3mm-8mm,顯示面積一般幾至十幾平方米。 室外顯示屏:面積一般幾十平方米至幾百平方

27、米,亮度高,可在下工作,具有防風(fēng)、防雨、防水功能。1.3.3led顯示屏市場(chǎng)前景LED全彩顯示屏6,是20世紀(jì)90年代在全球迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的新型信息顯示媒體。它利用發(fā)光二極管構(gòu)成的點(diǎn)陣模塊或象素單元組成大面積顯示屏幕,結(jié)合了微電子技術(shù)、光學(xué)技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息處理等現(xiàn)代高新技術(shù),以其可靠性高、使用壽命長(zhǎng)、環(huán)境適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)、性價(jià)比合理、使用成本低等特點(diǎn)迅速成為大型平板顯示的主流產(chǎn)品,以其明顯優(yōu)越于背投、等離子、液晶顯示與電視屏幕的性能而在信息顯示領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,如體育場(chǎng)館、大型展覽館、市政廣場(chǎng)、演唱會(huì)、車(chē)站、機(jī)場(chǎng)等場(chǎng)所。 尤其是以其高亮度,大面積顯示而讓更多人在戶外也感受到信息時(shí)代的來(lái)臨。顯

28、示信息無(wú)所不在。據(jù)業(yè)專(zhuān)家預(yù)測(cè),今后幾年全球各類(lèi)LED顯示屏需求每年均達(dá)到幾十億美元,且還在逐年遞增。國(guó)際大都市如紐約、巴黎、倫敦都普遍使用大型LED全彩顯示屏作為信息傳播、廣告宣傳的新型載體。在中國(guó),隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,特別是在中國(guó)成功申辦2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的強(qiáng)大拉動(dòng)下,以與世博會(huì)等需要大型LED顯示屏。隨著各類(lèi)場(chǎng)館的興建和市政工程改造項(xiàng)目的興起,國(guó)市場(chǎng)LED全彩屏需求增長(zhǎng)率更是高達(dá)30以上。2主要IC與器件簡(jiǎn)介2.1顯示設(shè)備2.1.1點(diǎn)陣顯示屏模塊 圖2-1單/雙色模塊圖2-2全彩模塊點(diǎn)陣12,本身是一個(gè)幾何學(xué)名詞,英文為:lattice。是格子框架,類(lèi)似格子框架的意思。本是一個(gè)空間名詞,如果

29、取出去平面,則與顯示屏的燈珠布置不你那聯(lián)想,設(shè)計(jì)顯示點(diǎn)陣就是指在顯示屏上長(zhǎng)和寬各能顯示出多少個(gè)像素點(diǎn),或者在LED顯示屏上長(zhǎng)和寬有多少個(gè)LED會(huì)同時(shí)發(fā)光。跟我們數(shù)模電路的網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)又是有著深層的關(guān)聯(lián)。2.1.2 LCD1602顯示器 液晶顯示模塊具有體積小、功耗低、顯示容豐富、超薄輕巧等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在袖珍式儀表和低功耗應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用14。目前字符型液晶顯示模塊已經(jīng)是單片機(jī)應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)中最常用的信息顯示器件。這里向大家介紹一款LCD1 602液晶顯示模塊,它可以顯示兩行,每行16個(gè)字符,采用單+5V電源供電,外圍電路配置簡(jiǎn)單,價(jià)格便宜,具有很高的性價(jià)比。 LCD1602外觀如圖2-3所示:圖2-3

30、LCD1602顯示屏2.2主要芯片簡(jiǎn)介2.2.1STC單片機(jī)STC89C51RC/RD+ 系列單片機(jī)是宏晶科技推出的新一代超強(qiáng)抗干擾/ 高速/ 低功耗的單片機(jī),指令代碼完全兼容傳統(tǒng)8051 單片機(jī)16,12 時(shí)鐘/ 機(jī)器周期和6 時(shí)鐘/ 機(jī)器周期可任意選擇,最新的D 版本部集成MAX810 專(zhuān)用復(fù)位電路。圖2-4 STC單片機(jī)STC單片機(jī)的特點(diǎn): 加密性強(qiáng),很難解密或破解,解密費(fèi)用很高、國(guó)能解密的人少,一般的仿制者望而退步。超強(qiáng)抗干擾: 1 、高抗靜電(ESD保護(hù)) 2 、輕松過(guò) 2KV/4KV快速脈沖干擾 3 、寬電壓,不怕電源抖動(dòng) 4 、寬溫度圍,-40855 、I/O 口經(jīng)過(guò)特殊處理 6

31、 、單片機(jī)部的電源供電系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過(guò)特殊處理 7 、單片機(jī)部的時(shí)鐘電路經(jīng)過(guò)特殊處理 8 、單片機(jī)部的復(fù)位電路經(jīng)過(guò)特殊處理 9 、單片機(jī)部的看門(mén)狗電路經(jīng)過(guò)特殊處理 三大降低單片機(jī)時(shí)鐘對(duì)外部電磁輻射的措施: 1 、禁止ALE輸出 2 、如選 6 時(shí)鐘/機(jī)器周期,外部時(shí)鐘頻率可降一半 3 、單片機(jī)時(shí)鐘振蕩器增益可設(shè)為 1/2Gain超低功耗: 1 、掉電模式:典型功耗0.1A 2 、空閑模式:典型功耗2mA 3 、正常工作模式:典型功耗4mA-7mA 4 、掉電模式可由外部中斷喚醒,適用于電池供電系統(tǒng),如水表、氣表、便攜設(shè)備等 2.2.2 74HC595圖2-5 74HC595的管腳排列圖74HC595是

32、硅結(jié)構(gòu)的CMOS器件, 兼容低電壓TTL電路,遵守JEDEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 74HC595是具有8位移位寄存器和一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)器,三態(tài)輸出功能。 移位寄存器和存儲(chǔ)器是分別的時(shí)鐘。 數(shù)據(jù)在SCHcp的上升沿輸入,在STcp的上升沿進(jìn)入的存儲(chǔ)寄存器中去。如果兩個(gè)時(shí)鐘連在一起,則移位寄存器總是比存儲(chǔ)寄存器早一個(gè)脈沖。 移位寄存器有一個(gè)串行移位輸入(Ds),和一個(gè)串行輸出(Q7),和一個(gè)異步的低電平復(fù)位,存儲(chǔ)寄存器有一個(gè)并行8位的,具備三態(tài)的總線輸出,當(dāng)使能OE時(shí)(為低電平),存儲(chǔ)寄存器的數(shù)據(jù)輸出到總線。2.2.3 時(shí)鐘芯片DS1302DS130218是美國(guó)DALLAS公司推出的一種高性能、低功耗、帶RAM的實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)

33、鐘電路,它可以對(duì)年、月、日、周日、時(shí)、分、秒進(jìn)行計(jì)時(shí),具有閏年補(bǔ)償功能,工作電壓為2.5V5.5V。采用三線接口與CPU進(jìn)行同步通信,并可采用突發(fā)方式一次傳送多個(gè)字節(jié)的時(shí)鐘信號(hào)或RAM數(shù)據(jù)。DS1302部有一個(gè)318的用于臨時(shí)性存放數(shù)據(jù)的RAM寄存器。DS1302是DS1202的升級(jí)產(chǎn)品,與DS1202兼容,但增加了主電源/后背電源雙電源引腳,同時(shí)提供了對(duì)后背電源進(jìn)行涓細(xì)電流充電的能力。 圖2-6為DS1302的引腳圖:圖2-62.2.4 溫度傳感器DS18B20圖2-7 溫度傳感器Dallas 半導(dǎo)體公司的數(shù)字化溫度傳感器DS1820是世界上第一片支持 “一線總線”接口的溫度傳感器。一線總線

34、獨(dú)特而且經(jīng)濟(jì)的特點(diǎn),使用戶可輕松地組建傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò),為測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建引入全新概念?,F(xiàn)在,新一代的“DS1820”體積更小、更經(jīng)濟(jì)、更靈活。使您可以充分發(fā)揮“一線總線”的長(zhǎng)處。 DS18B20支持“一線總線”接口,測(cè)量圍-55C+125C,在-10+85C圍,精度為0.5C。DS1822的精度較差為2C ?,F(xiàn)場(chǎng)溫度直接以“一線總線”的數(shù)字方式傳輸,大大提高了系統(tǒng)的抗干擾性。適合于惡劣環(huán)境的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)溫度測(cè)量,如:環(huán)境控制、設(shè)備或過(guò)程控制、測(cè)溫類(lèi)消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品等。與前一代產(chǎn)品不同,新的產(chǎn)品支持3V5.5V的電壓圍,使系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)更靈活、方便。而且新一代產(chǎn)品更便宜,體積更小。3 基于單片機(jī)的LED顯示屏程序設(shè)計(jì)與

35、仿真3.1程序設(shè)計(jì)3.1.1設(shè)計(jì)思路 本設(shè)計(jì)主要實(shí)現(xiàn)LED點(diǎn)陣屏對(duì)文字或圖形的顯示,附加功能有LED顯示屏對(duì)時(shí)間與溫度的實(shí)時(shí)顯示,另外還要配合LCD1602顯示屏,以便硬件搭建時(shí)利于測(cè)試和調(diào)整。 編程時(shí)需要通盤(pán)考慮,本設(shè)計(jì)中用到的時(shí)鐘芯片(DS1302),溫度傳感器(DS18B20)與LCD1602顯示屏都需要驅(qū)動(dòng)才能正常工作,由于這些驅(qū)動(dòng)的頭文件可以通用,而且自己以前也做過(guò)這方面的實(shí)驗(yàn),也就沒(méi)有必要重新編寫(xiě),這樣一來(lái)就可以把主要精力放在主函數(shù)的編寫(xiě)上,編寫(xiě)主函數(shù)有兩大方面,一是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)LED顯示屏與外圍器件的控制,二是如何把時(shí)鐘芯片(DS1302),溫度傳感器(DS18B20)與LCD16

36、02顯示屏和LED顯示屏有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來(lái)。3.1.2子程序與頭文件代碼LED點(diǎn)陣屏文字顯示頭文件“dispaly.h”typedef unsigned char uchar ; /uint8typedef unsigned int uint; / uint16 uchar const code HZ32=0 xFC,0 x7F,0 xE7,0 xE7,0 xDF,0 xFD,0 xBF,0 xFD,0 x73,0 x9E,0 xF3,0 x9F,0 x7F,0 xFE,0 x7F,0 xFE,0 x7F,0 xFE,0 x6F,0 xEE,0 xF7,0 xDF,0 x78,0 x3E,0 xB

37、F,0 xFD,0 xDF,0 xFB,0 xE7,0 xE7,0 xFC,0 x7F, /* 笑臉,1*/0 xEF,0 xFF,0 xEC,0 x07,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 x01,0 xDF,0 xEF,0 xBF,0 xEF,0 x7F,0 xC6,0 x03,0 xCB,0 xAB,0 xAB,0 x6B,0 xAF,0 x5B,0 x6E,0 xDB,0 xED,0 xBB,0 xEF,0 x7B,0 xEE,0 xFB,0 xEF,0 xEB,0 xEF,0 xF7,/*,0*/0 xDF,0 xBF,0 xEF,0 xBF,0 xED,0 xBF,0 xFC,0 x03,

38、0 x75,0 xBF,0 xB3,0 xBF,0 xAF,0 xBF,0 xE8,0 x01,0 xEF,0 xFF,0 xDF,0 xFF,0 x1C,0 x03,0 xDD,0 xFB,0 xDD,0 xFB,0 xDD,0 xFB,0 xDC,0 x03,0 xDD,0 xFB,/*浩,1*/0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 x80,0 x03,0 xFC,0 x7F,0 xFC,0 xBF,0 xFA,0 xDF,0 xF6,0 xE7,0 xEE,0 xF1,0 x9E,0 xFB,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xB7

39、,0 x77,0 xBB,0 xBB,0 x7B,0 xBB,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*杰,2*/0 xDF,0 x7F,0 xDF,0 x7F,0 xDF,0 x73,0 xC1,0 x0F,0 xDF,0 x7F,0 xDB,0 x7D,0 xD7,0 x7D,0 xCE,0 x81,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 x00,0 x01,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,/*畢,0*/0 xFB,0 xBF,0 xFB,0 xBF,0 xFB,0 xBF,0 xFB,0 xBB,0 x

40、BB,0 xB9,0 xDB,0 xB3,0 xDB,0 xB7,0 xEB,0 xAF,0 xE3,0 xAF,0 xEB,0 x9F,0 xFB,0 xBF,0 xFB,0 xBF,0 xFB,0 xBB,0 x00,0 x01,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*業(yè),1*/0 xBF,0 xFF,0 xDE,0 x0F,0 xCE,0 xEF,0 xDE,0 xEF,0 xFE,0 xEF,0 xFE,0 xEF,0 x1D,0 xF1,0 xDA,0 x07,0 xDE,0 xF7,0 xDE,0 xF7,0 xDF,0 x6F,0 xDF,0 x6F,0 xD7,0

41、x9F,0 xCF,0 x6F,0 xDC,0 xF1,0 xF3,0 xFB,/*設(shè),2*/0 xBF,0 xDF,0 xDF,0 xDF,0 xCF,0 xDF,0 xDF,0 xDF,0 xFF,0 xDF,0 x0C,0 x01,0 xEF,0 xDF,0 xEF,0 xDF,0 xEF,0 xDF,0 xEF,0 xDF,0 xEF,0 xDF,0 xED,0 xDF,0 xEB,0 xDF,0 xE7,0 xDF,0 xEF,0 xDF,0 xFF,0 xDF,/*計(jì),3*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 x00,0 x07,0 xED,0 xF7,0 xED,0 xB7,0 xED,

42、0 xB7,0 xED,0 xB7,0 x81,0 xB7,0 xED,0 xB7,0 xED,0 xB7,0 xED,0 x57,0 xE3,0 x5F,0 x1E,0 xDD,0 xFE,0 xDD,0 xFD,0 xDD,0 xFB,0 xE1,0 xF7,0 xFF,/*現(xiàn),7*/0 xFD,0 xFF,0 xFD,0 xFF,0 x80,0 x01,0 xFB,0 xFF,0 xFB,0 xFF,0 xF7,0 xBF,0 xE7,0 xBF,0 xE8,0 x03,0 xCF,0 xBF,0 xAF,0 xBF,0 x6F,0 xBF,0 xEF,0 xBF,0 xEF,0 xBF

43、,0 xE8,0 x01,0 xEF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*在,8*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xF0,0 x0F,0 xF7,0 xEF,0 xF0,0 x0F,0 xF7,0 xEF,0 xF0,0 x0F,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 x00,0 x01,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xF6,0 xFF,0 xF6,0 x07,0 xF6,0 xFF,0 xEA,0 xFF,0 xDC,0 xFF,0 xBF,0 x01,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*是,9*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 x

44、FF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/* ,1*/*0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0

45、 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/* ,1*/0 x55,0 xaa,;uchar const code NUM16=0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xE7,0 xDB,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xDB,0 xE7,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*0,0*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xEF,0 x8F,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 x83,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*1,1*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xF

46、F,0 xC3,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xFB,0 xFB,0 xF7,0 xEF,0 xDF,0 xBD,0 x81,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*2,2*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xC3,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xFB,0 xE7,0 xFB,0 xFD,0 xFD,0 xBD,0 xBB,0 xC7,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*3,3*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFB,0 xF3,0 xEB,0 xDB,0 xDB,0 xBB,0 xBB,0 x81,0 xFB,0 xFB,0 xE1,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*4,4*/0 xFF,0

47、 xFF,0 xFF,0 x81,0 xBF,0 xBF,0 xBF,0 xA7,0 x9B,0 xFD,0 xFD,0 xBD,0 xBB,0 xC7,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*5,5*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xE3,0 xDB,0 xBF,0 xBF,0 xA7,0 x9B,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xDB,0 xE7,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*6,6*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 x81,0 xBB,0 xBB,0 xF7,0 xF7,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*7,7

48、*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xC3,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xDB,0 xE7,0 xDB,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xC3,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*8,8*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xE7,0 xDB,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xBD,0 xD9,0 xE5,0 xFD,0 xFD,0 xDB,0 xC7,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*9,9*/;uchar const code DATETMP32=0 xF7,0 xFF,0 xF0,0 x03,0 xEF,0 x7F,0 xEF,0 x7F,0 xDF,0 x7F,0 xB

49、0,0 x07,0 x77,0 x7F,0 xF7,0 x7F,0 xF7,0 x7F,0 xF7,0 x7F,0 x00,0 x01,0 xFF,0 x7F,0 xFF,0 x7F,0 xFF,0 x7F,0 xFF,0 x7F,0 xFF,0 x7F,/*年,0*/0 xF8,0 x0F,0 xFB,0 xEF,0 xFB,0 xEF,0 xFB,0 xEF,0 xF8,0 x0F,0 xFB,0 xEF,0 xFB,0 xEF,0 xFB,0 xEF,0 xF8,0 x0F,0 xFB,0 xEF,0 xF7,0 xEF,0 xF7,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xDF,0 x

50、AF,0 xBF,0 xDF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*月,1*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xE0,0 x0F,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xE0,0 x0F,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xE0,0 x0F,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*日,2*/0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 x07,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xEF,0 xE0,0

51、 x07,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xE0,0 x0F,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xFE,0 xEF,0 xD7,0 x77,0 xDB,0 xBB,0 xBB,0 xBB,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*點(diǎn),3*/0 xF7,0 x7F,0 xF3,0 x7F,0 xF7,0 xBF,0 xEF,0 xDF,0 xEF,0 xCF,0 xDF,0 xE7,0 xBF,0 xF1,0 x60,0 x1B,0 xFB,0 xDF,0 xFB,0 xDF,0 xFB,0 xDF,0 xFB,0 xDF,0 xF7,0 xDF,0 xEF,0 x5F,

52、0 xDF,0 xBF,0 xBF,0 xFF,/*分,4*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xE0,0 x07,0 xEF,0 xF7,0 xE0,0 x07,0 xEF,0 xF7,0 xE0,0 x07,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xEE,0 xFF,0 xE0,0 x03,0 xDE,0 xFF,0 xDE,0 xFF,0 xB0,0 x07,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 x80,0 x01,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*星,5*/0 xDD,0 xFF,0 xDD,0 x83,0 x80,0 xBB,0 xDD,0 xBB,0 xC1,0 xBB,0 xDD,0 x8

53、3,0 xC1,0 xBB,0 xDD,0 xBB,0 xDD,0 xBB,0 x00,0 x83,0 xFF,0 xBB,0 xDB,0 x7B,0 xDD,0 x7B,0 xBC,0 xEB,0 x7E,0 xF7,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*期,6*/0 xE0,0 x07,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 x80,0 x01,0 xBE,0 xFB,0 xE2,0 x8F,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xE2,0 x8F,0 xFD,0 x7F,0 xFB,0 x9F,0 xE5,0 xE1,0 x1E,0 xF7,0 xE0,0 x1F,0 xFF,0 xBF,0 xFD,0 x7F,0 x

54、FE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,/*零,7*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 x07,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 xFB,0 x80,0 x01,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*上,8*/0 xD8,0 x03,0 xDE,0 xEF,0 xDE,0 x0F,0 x06,0 xEF,0 xDE,0 x0F,0 xD6,0 xE3,0

55、 xC8,0 x0F,0 x9F,0 xEF,0 x50,0 x41,0 xDB,0 x5D,0 xDC,0 xEB,0 xDE,0 xF7,0 xDD,0 x67,0 xDB,0 x99,0 x56,0 x7B,0 xBF,0 xFF,/*攝,9*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 x07,0 xC0,0 xFF,0 xDE,0 xFF,0 xDE,0 xFF,0 xDE,0 xFF,0 xC0,0 x03,0 xDF,0 x7F,0 xDF,0 x7F,0 xDF,0 x7F,0 xDF,0 xBF,0 xDF,0 xBF,0 xDB,0 xDB,0 xD7,0 xEB,0 xCF,

56、0 xF3,0 xDF,0 xFB,/*氏,10*/0 xFE,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 x7F,0 xC0,0 x01,0 xDD,0 xDF,0 xDD,0 xDF,0 xD0,0 x03,0 xDD,0 xDF,0 xDC,0 x1F,0 xDF,0 xFF,0 xD8,0 x07,0 xDD,0 xEF,0 xDE,0 xDF,0 xDF,0 x3F,0 xBE,0 xCF,0 xB9,0 xF1,0 x67,0 xFB,/*度,11*/ ;uchar const code WEEK32=0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,

57、0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFB,0 x80,0 x01,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*一,0*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xEF,0 xC0,0 x07,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFB,0 x80

58、,0 x01,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*二,1*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 x80,0 x03,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xC0,0 x07,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 x80,0 x01,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*三,2*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 x80,0 x03,0 xBB,0 x7B,0 xBB,0 x7B,0 x

59、BB,0 x7B,0 xBB,0 x7B,0 xBB,0 x7B,0 xBB,0 x7B,0 xB7,0 x7B,0 xB7,0 x83,0 xAF,0 xFB,0 x9F,0 xFB,0 xBF,0 xFB,0 x80,0 x03,0 xBF,0 xFB,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*四,3*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 x80,0 x07,0 xFD,0 xFF,0 xFD,0 xFF,0 xFD,0 xFF,0 xFD,0 xFF,0 xFD,0 xDF,0 xC0,0 x0F,0 xFB,0 xDF,0 xFB,0 xDF,0 xFB,0 xDF,0 xFB,0 xDF,0 xFB,0

60、xDB,0 x00,0 x01,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*五,4*/0 xFB,0 xFF,0 xFC,0 xFF,0 xFE,0 x7F,0 xFE,0 xFF,0 x00,0 x01,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xFB,0 x7F,0 xF9,0 xBF,0 xFB,0 xDF,0 xF7,0 xEF,0 xF7,0 xE7,0 xEF,0 xF3,0 xDF,0 xF3,0 xBF,0 xF7,0 xFF,0 xFF,/*六,5*/0 xFF,0 xFF,0 xE0,0 x0F,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,0 xEF,

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