高考閱讀理解題型-觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題詳解及練習(xí)

后面有練習(xí)最后是練習(xí)的答案，包括詞匯和難點(diǎn)解析。都是我一個(gè)一個(gè)字打上去的高考考綱中對(duì)考生閱讀理解局部的要求如下：〔1〕理解主旨和要義〔2〕理解文中具體信息〔3〕根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義〔3〕根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義〔4〕理解說(shuō)話者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度〔5〕理解文章的根本結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)應(yīng)有〔1〕主旨大意題〔2〕細(xì)節(jié)與推理判斷題〔3〕詞義猜想提〔4〕觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題〔5〕篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題五種根本的閱讀理解題型。今天我們要講的就是五種基此題型之一的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題例一、［2021年陜西卷］“Oldwives'tales"arebeliefspasseddownfromonegenerationtoanother.Forexample,mostofusrememberourparents'tellingustoeatmoreofcertainfoodsornottodocertainthings.Isthereanytruthintheseteachings?Someofthemagreewithpresentmedicalthinking,butothershavenotpassedthetestoftime.Didyourmotherevertellyoutoeatyourcarrotsbecausetheyaregoodforyoureyes?Scientistsnowreportthateatingcarrotscanhelppreventaseriouseyediseasecalledmaculardegeneration....Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon'tholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives'tales.Afterall,muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulatedfromthousandsofyearsofexperienceinfamilyhealthcare..54.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoward“oldwives'tales"inthetext?SubjectiveB.ObjectiveC.DissatisfiedD.Curious例二、Theinternetwillopenupnewvistas（前景）,createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That,atleast,iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipswithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication,itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.Theproblemistwofold〔雙重的〕.First,thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second,thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest〔投入〕inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributewhat'sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson,ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline〔減弱〕untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew".Thisisnot,ofcourse,tosaythattheinternetdoesn'tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld,butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomoretotheothersideoftheworld.Inonesense,that'sagoodthing.Butitalsohasadisadvantage.Ifyoucontinuetoinvestinyouroldfriendseventhoughyoucannolongerseethem,thencertainlyyouaren'tusingyourtimetomakenewfriendswhereyounowlive.AndIsuspectthatprobablyisn'tthebestuseofyourtime.Meaningfulrelationshipsareaboutbeingabletocommunicatewitheachother,facetoface.Theinternetwillslowdowntheratewithwhichrelationshipsend,butitwon'tstopthathappeningeventually.75、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheuseoftheinternettostrengthenrelationships?Heisuncertainaboutit.B.Heishopefulofit.C.Heapprovesofit.D.Hedoubtsit.例三、Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan'tfocusorthatwe'refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.30、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?TolerantB.DoubtfulC.RespectfulD.Supportive引類問(wèn)題的幾種提問(wèn)方式What'sthewriter'sattitudeto…?What'sthetoneofthepassage?Theauthor'sviewisThewriter'sattitudeof.thispassageisapparentlyTheauthor'sopinioncouldbebestdescribedas(6)WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbeLEAST/MOSTlikelytoagreewith?(7)Whichofthefollowingstatementsindicatestheauthor'sattitudetoward?推測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖時(shí)，必須要先了解文章的主題，然后分析作者的論述方法、論述重點(diǎn)和材料的安排。故事類記敘文的目的通常是娛樂(lè)讀者廣告類英文文的目的一般是為了推銷(xiāo)產(chǎn)品或者效勞；議論文的目的是要闡述觀點(diǎn)；科普、文化類說(shuō)明文的目的大多是介紹知識(shí)，幫助大家廣文博見(jiàn)。大家做題之前，應(yīng)先熟悉在考題中常常出現(xiàn)的表示態(tài)度的詞匯。表示客觀的詞：objective,impartial,neutral〔中立的〕disinterested無(wú)私的unbiased沒(méi)有偏見(jiàn)的unprejudiced公平的，無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的factual事實(shí)的，實(shí)際的informative提供信息的主觀的/偏見(jiàn)的：subjective,prejudiced,biased,partial漠不關(guān)心：Indifferent,uninterested,carefree,detached,unconcerned困惑、迷茫不知所措的：confused,perplexed,puzzled,ambiguous感情色彩深、程度深：enthusiastic,strong,completely,radical程度較淺，謹(jǐn)慎的：preserved,qualified,tempered,guarded積極意義的：positive肯定的，積極的favorable贊成的，有利的consent贊成，同意supportive支持的，支援的defensive辯護(hù)的，保衛(wèi)的optimistic樂(lè)觀的confident自信的，確信的respectful尊敬的approval贊成，成認(rèn)sympathetic贊成，支持humorous幽默的sober清醒的消極意義的:negative否認(rèn)的，消極的critical批評(píng)的sarcastic（挖苦的〕worried焦慮的，擔(dān)憂的pessimistic悲觀的apprehensive憂慮的opposed反對(duì)的suspicious疑心的doubtful可疑的，不確定的ironic說(shuō)反話的，挖苦的disapproval不贊成objection反對(duì)，不贊成opposition反對(duì)criticism批評(píng)，批判indignant氣憤的做觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題時(shí)要注意：注意不要把我們自己的好惡態(tài)度糅進(jìn)其中，不要用帶有主觀傾向的視角評(píng)判作者態(tài)度。作者引用別人的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，我們勿必分辨清楚作者引用的觀點(diǎn)是作為支持還是反對(duì)的例證，要注意區(qū)分作者本人的態(tài)度和作者引用的觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度。有作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定。對(duì)記敘或描寫(xiě)的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩旺旺隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中。因此，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或者副詞如：fortunately,excessively,toomany等練習(xí)一、YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka，butforthepast27years，thisassociation，foundedbyBillDrayton，hasfoughtpoverty〔貧困〕andsickness，promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses，Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld'smostpromising“changemakers〞seekingtosolve〔解決〕urgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.75、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsAshoka'sprogramcanbedescribedas.changingB.forgivingC.cautiousD.positive二、［2021年浙江卷］FourpeopleinEngland,backin1953,staredatphoto51.Itwasn'tmuchapictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowed—theshapeofDNA.ThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWillkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.HernamewasRosalindFranklin.“ifherphotohadn'tbeenthere,theotherscouldn'thavecomeupwiththestructure.〞onereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitions.WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,〞…AsFranklin'scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers...Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinswasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.〞No,Franklinwasthesolution.“ShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,〞.64.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?ADisapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.三、［2021全國(guó)I卷］WespentabouttwohoursinNancy,thensailedontheCanaldelaMarneauRhine.Kindofalazyday,eatingbreakfast,lunch,anddinner.AfterdinnerwewatchedatapeonBaccarat,wherewewillvisittomorrow.Itwaspleasanttositoutondeck（甲板）andwatchthescenerygobyatabout3mph.TodaywesailedfromSchneckenbushtoSaverne.Wewentthroughtwocaves,anextremelyunusualpartofthejourney.Thisriversceneryisverydifferent.Wewereinamountainvalleywithgrasslandononesideandaforestbeginningtoshowsomecolorontheother.79.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthetour?Tiring.B.Expensive.C.Enjoyable.D.Quick.四、Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologists〔心理學(xué)家〕suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people'sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival〔生存〕.Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.Thewriterofthetexthasaattitudetowardsdangeroussports.positive〔肯定的〕B.negative〔否認(rèn)的〕C.neutral〔中立的〕D.Nervous五、Well,IhadnothingagainstfeelinggreatandifAlexcouldjogeveryday,anyonecould.SoItookupjoggingseriouslyandgaveitagoodtwomonthsofmylife,andnotadaymore.Basedonmyexperience,joggingisthemostovervaluedformofexercisearound.Andjudgingfromthenumberofthepeoplewholeftourneighborhoodjoggingarmy,I'mnotaloneinmyopinion.（2021年浙江卷D篇）54.Whatwasthewriter'sattitudetowardsjogginginthebeginning?Hefeltitwasworthatry.Hewasveryfondofit.Hewasstronglyagainstit.Hethoughtitmustbepainful.六、［2021年浙江卷］InancientEgypt,thepharaoh（法老）treatedthepoormessagerunnerlikeaprincewhenhearrivedatthepalace,ifhebroughtgoodnews.However,iftheexhaustedrunnerhadthemisfortunetobringthepharaohunhappynews,hisheadwascutoff.Shadesofthatspiritspreadovertoday'sconversations.OnceafriendandIpackedupsomepeanutbutterandsandwichesforanouting.Aswewalkedlight-heartedlyoutthedoor,picnicbasketinhand,asmilingneighborlookedupattheskyandsaid,“Ohboy,baddayforapicnic.Theweathermansaysit'sgoingtorain.〞Iwantedtostrikehimontheracewiththepeanutbutterandsandwiches.Notforhisstupidweatherreport,forhissmile.It'snotthenewsthatmakessomeoneangry.It'stheunsympatheticattitudewithwhichit'sdelivered.…57.Inthewriter'sopinion,hisneighborwas.friendlyB.warm-heartedC.notconsiderateD.nothelpful七、Onthefirstdayofmyvisit,wewentoutwithoneofmyfather'sfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafe.Wewalkedalongthatafternoon,didsomeshopping,ateatthestreettable,andlaughedovermyson'sfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfather'scritical（挑易0的）airandstrictrules.WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather,whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound?Whathadheldhimbackbefore?（2021年全國(guó)卷IA篇）58.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofherfatherafterhervisittoTucson?Morecritical.B.Moretalkative.C.Gentleandfriendly.D.Strictandhard-working.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，學(xué)生在解答作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度和意圖題時(shí)往往易犯主觀臆斷、憑空想象、隨意揣測(cè)、以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)等錯(cuò)誤。因此，要特別注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：對(duì)于新聞報(bào)道，作者往往持中立態(tài)度。而對(duì)于議論文，作者的態(tài)度要么支持，要么反對(duì)，帶中立色彩的選項(xiàng)常常是錯(cuò)誤的。同時(shí)，感情色彩過(guò)于強(qiáng)烈的表達(dá)也應(yīng)該排除。不要參加自己的態(tài)度。要注意區(qū)分考察的是作者的態(tài)度還是作者引用的別人的態(tài)度當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒(méi)有明確提出時(shí)，要根據(jù)作者在文章中所運(yùn)用的具有褒貶含義的詞語(yǔ)去判斷作者的態(tài)度，如wonderfully，successfully，unfortunately，doubtful等。注意識(shí)別那些是事實(shí)，哪些是觀點(diǎn)，并在此根底上將上下文聯(lián)系起來(lái)分析，最后確認(rèn)文章所陳述的內(nèi)容到底代表了作者的觀點(diǎn)課后練習(xí)：一、Autumnmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople．“Italldependsonyourpersonality，〞saidBritishnaturalistRichardMabey．“Personalityshapesyourviewoftheseason，〞hesaid．“Youmayseeitasafading-away,apackingup〔結(jié)束〕，orasatimeofpackinginanothersense一theexcitinggatheringofresourcesbeforealongjourney．〞Ifthisistrue，perhapsittellsusalittleabout，forinstance，ThomasHood，the19thCenturyEnglishpoet．AboutNovember，hewrote：Nowarmth，nocheerfulness，nohealthfuleaseNoshade，noshine，nobutterflies，nobeesNovember!Ontheotherhand，anotherEnglishpoetJohnKeats，alreadysensinghewasseriouslyill，wasinspiredbyalateSeptemberdaytopenoneofthemostfamouspoemsintheEnglishlanguage，ToAutumn．Hewrotetoafriendafterwardsthattherewassomethingcomfortingandhealingaboutit．AccordingtoRichardMabey，Keatshasthebiologicalevidenceonhisside．Autumnisnotatimeofslowingdown，butatimeofnewbeginningsandgreatmovementsofcreatures．Forexample，justatthemomentthatKeats's“gatheringswallows〞〔inToAutumn〕aredepartingforAfrica，millionsofcreaturesarefleeingfromthefrozennorthlikeIceland，GreenlandandRussiatowinteralongtheeastandsouthcoastsofBritain.Accordingtoscientists,beforefalling,theleavestransfertheirchlorophyll〔葉綠素〕andcarbohydratesintothewoodypartsofthetreeforsafekeepingoverwinter．Whatremainsisthenaturalantioxidant〔s防老劑〕intheleaves：theyellowandorangecarotenoid〔s類胡蘿卜素〕,andanotherprotectivechemicalspeciallyproducedforautumn,thebright-redanthocyanin〔花青素〕.Highcolorisnotasignalofdeterioration〔退化〕anddecline,butofdetox〔排毒的〕abilityandgoodhealth.AcenturyafterKeats,theAmericanpoetLorenEiseleywroteinhisjournal：“Supposewesawourselvesburninglikemaplesinagoldenautumn.Andthatwecouldbreakuplikeautumnleaves...droppingtheirsubstancelikechlorophyll．Wouldnotourattitudetowardsdeathbedifferent?〞1、FromThomasHood'spoem,wemayinferthathesufferedalotfromcoldNovemberhemissedtheshiningsummerdaysverymuchhehadanegativeattitudetowardsautumnheenjoyedbutterfliesandbeesverymuch2、Inautumn，leavesturnyellowbeforefallingbecause．theycan'tbearthefreezingB.theycan'tgetenoughwaterfromthewoodpartC.chlorophyllandcarbohydrateshavebeenlostthroughleavesD.chlorophyllandcarbohydrateshavecomebacktothewoodpart3、Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat．A.autumnhasdifferentfacesindifferentpeople'seyesJohnKeatswasagoodbiologistaswellasapoetallcreaturesmovefromthecoldnorthtoBritainforwinterthethreepoetswereonlyknownfortheirpoemsaboutautumn4、WhichwordcanbestdescribeLorenEiseley'sattitudetowardsautumn?Fearful．B.Optimistic．C.Doubtful．D.Realistic．5、Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?Mancanneverlivelong，justasleavesmustleavethetreeannually．Manisdifferentfromautumnleaves，whichwillcomeagainthenextspring．Manshouldhaveapositiveattitudetowardsdeath，quitedifferentfromautumnleaves．Manshouldtreatdeathcalmly，justasautumnleavesfalltotheground．二、WhenIwasyoungIwantedtobeamodel,sowhenanationalcontestwasstaged,Iconvincedmyparentstotakemeforanaudition〔試演〕.IwasselectedandtoldIhadpotential.Theysaidthatforonly$900Icouldattendaweekendeventwhichdozensofthemostprestigious〔有聲望的〕modelingagenciesfromaroundtheworldwouldattend．At13,myhopesoffameandfortunecloudedalljudgmentandIbeggedmyparentstoletmego．Wehaveneverbeenrich,buttheysawmyenthusiasmandagreed．Iimaginedbeingsignedbysomefamousmodelcompanies．Formonths,anyboredomordisappointmentIfacedwaspushedasidebecauseIknew1wouldsoonhavethechancetobearealmodel．IthoughtIwouldgracethecoversoffamousmagazines!Ofcourse,1wasn'tsigned,butwhathurtthemostwasbeingtoldthatifIgrewto5'9''〔about1.75metres〕Icouldbeasuccess.Iprayedforagrowthspurt〔沖朿0〕becauseIcouldnotimaginegivingupmydream.Imadeanappointmentwithalocalmodelingagencyandtheagentdemanded$500forclasses,$500foraphotoshoot,and$300forotherexpenses.Myparentsonlyagreedafterhoursandhoursofmybegging.Theagencysentmeoutonafewauditions,butwitheverydayIdidn'treceiveacall,Igrewmoredepressed.ThefinalstrawcameinJulyafterIhaddecidedtofocusoncommercialmodeling.TherewasanopencallinNewYorkCity.Wespenthoursdrivingandanotherfewhourswaiting,onlytobetoldthat1wastooshort.Iwasdevastated〔極度不安的〕.Yearslater,IrealizedthatthetriptoNewYorkwasgoodasitmademenoticeIdidn'tactuallylovemodeling,justtheideaofit.IwantedtobespecialandIwasinnocentlydeterminedtoreachanimpossiblegoal.Theexperiencehasmademestrongerandthatwillhelpmeinthefuture.1、What'sthemainreasonwhytheauthorwantedtobeamodel?Shewonanationalcontest.Shewantedtogetreputationandwealth.Shewasurgedbysomemodelingagencies.Shehadfullpotentialtobeasuccessfulmodel.2、What'stheauthor'sparents'attitudetowardherdream?Encouraging.B.Worried.C.Doubtful.D.Enthusiastic.3、Whatwasitthatmadetheauthorendherattempttobecomeamodel?Herparentswerestronglyagainstit.Sherealizedthatitwasimpossibleforher.Evenalocalmodelingagencyturnedherdown．Sherealizedthatshedidn'tactuallylovetheideaofmodeling．4、Theunderlinedphrase“Thefinalstraw〞probablymeans．thelastinaseriesofbadthingsthathappentomakesomeoneveryupset，angry，etcthefinalresultthatshewasadmittedbythemodelcompanythefinalauditiongivenbytheagencythedecisionthatshemadeatlastnottobeamodelanymore5、Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromherexperienceofstrugglingtobeamodel?A.Wherethere'sawillthere'saway．Beingamodelisnotthateasy．Weshouldhaveourownjudgmentandshouldnotjustfollowothers．Wemightsetunpracticalgoalsbuttheexperiencecanhelpusgrow．三、Nowadaysmoreandmoretraditionalbusinessmenfeelworriedthatgrowinge-commercewilldecreasetheirshareofthemarket．Accordingtoasurvey，90％ofsomepeople'spurchasesaremadeonthecomputer．Astheyfindthatbybeingabletogoshoppingonlineandchoosethethingsthattheyneed，andhavethemdeliveredrighttotheirdoorsteps，theycouldnolongerbebotheredwithdriving，thecrowds，thenoiseofthat，andtheyusuallygetabetterselection．Butsometimestheyarecheatedonlytogetthethingstheyhate．CornellUniversityMarketingProfessorEdwardMcLaughlinsaystraditionalstorescankeeptheircustomersbyofferinggoodslikeclothing，whichcustomersmaywanttoseeandtryonbeforepurchasing，aswellasitemsthataredifficulttotransport．Hesayssometraditionalstoresarealsopleasingcustomerswithservicessuchassettinguporrepairingcomputersandotherelectronicequipment．Traditionalstoresalsooffersocialexperiencesthatsomeshoppersenjoy．Thereisstillalotofemotioninthebuyingdecisionthattakesplace．Oftentimes，youneedthatlastsenseof“thisisexactlywhatIwantbeforeyoupartwithmoney．Andyoucan'talwaysgetthatonline．It'sarathercoldprocess．AsmoreandmorepeoplehaveInternetaccessandsmartphones，onlinecommerceislikelytocontinueitsgrowthhereintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries．1、Traditionalbusinessmenfeelupsetbecause．peopleliketohavetheirgoodstakengoodcareofgrowingonlinesaleswillseizetheirshareofthemarketmoreandmoreyoungpeoplepurchasethingsonthecomputerconsumerscanalwaysgetabetterselectionbyshoppingonline2、AccordingtoMcLaughlin，sometraditionalstoresarekeepingcustomersby．givingcustomerselectronictoysaspresentsmakingtheirgoodsbetterandcheaperdeliveringgoodstoeachdoorstepprovidingcustomerswithextraservices3、Fromthefourthparagraph，weknowthat．onlineshopperstendtobefriendlytoeachothertheprocessofshoppingonlineisfullofemotionmakingbuyingdecisionsintraditionalshopsisdifficultsomeshopperslikethesocialenvironmentintraditionalstores4、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureonlinecommerce?A.Optimistic．B.Doubtful．C.Worried．D.Concerned．四、Lastsummer,twonineteenth-centurycottageswererescuedfromremotefarmfieldsinMontana,tobemovedtoanArtDecobuildinginSanFrancisco.Thehousesweremadeofwood.ThesecottagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil;nowtheyholdTwitterengineers.Thecottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustry'soddloveaffairwith“l(fā)owtechnology,〞aconceptassociatedwiththenaturalworld,andwithold-schoolcraftsmanship（手藝）thatexistslongbeforetheInternetera.Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual（虛擬的）一so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadtogetcreative.Therescuedwoodcottages,fittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundreds,areanobviousexample,butTwitter'sdesignslieontheextremeend.Othercompaniesareusingabroaderinterpretation（闡釋）oflowtechnologythatfocusesonnature.Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees,sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamorenatural,park-likesetting〞AtGoogle'soffice,anentireflooriscarpetedingrass.Facebook'ssecondMenloparkcampuswillhavearooftopparkwithawalkingtrail.OlleLundberg,thefounderofLundbergDesign,hasworkedwithmanytechcompaniesovertheyears.“Wehavelosttheconnectiontothemakerinourlives.andourtechengineersaretheoneswhofeelmostimpoverished（貧乏的）,becausethey'resurroundedbythedigitalworld,〞hesays.“They'relookingforawaytoregaintheirindividualidentity,andwe'refoundthatintroducingrealcraftsisonewaytodothat.〞Thiscraft-basedtheoryisrootedinhistory.WilliamMorris,theEnglishartistandwriter,turnedbacktopre-industrialartsintheeighteen-sixties,justaftertheIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsmovementdefineditselfagainstmachines.“Withoutcreativehumanoccupation,peoplebecamedisconnectedfromlife,〞Morrissaid.Researchhasshownthatnaturalenvironmentscanrestore（恢復(fù)）ourmentalcapacities.InJapan,patientsareencouragedto“forest-bathe,〞takingwalksthroughwoodstolowertheirbloodpressure.Thesehealthbenefitsapplytotheworkplaceaswell.RachelKaplan,aprofessorofenvironmentalpsychology,hasspentyearsresearchingtherestorativeeffectsofnaturalenvironments.Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice一evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers一felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying.Iflow-techofficescanpotentiallynourishthebrainsandimprovethementalhealthofemployeesthen,fine,bringonthecottage.50、Thewritermentionsthetwonineteenth-centurycottagestoshowthat.TwitterishavingahardtimeoldcottagesareinneedofprotectionearlysettlersoncesufferedfromadryclimateinMontanaInternetcompanieshaverediscoveredthebenefitsoflowtechnology51、Lowtechnologyisregardedassomethingthat.A.isrelatedtonatureB.isoutofdatetodayC.consumestoomuchenergyD.existsinthevirtualworld52、ThemainideaofParagraph5isthathumanbeings.havedestroyedmanypre-industrialartshaveatraditionofvaluingartsandcraftscanbecomeintelligentbylearninghistorycanregaintheirindividualidentitybyusingmachines53、Thewriter'sattitudeto“l(fā)owtechnology〞canbestbedescribedas.A.positiveB.defensiveC.cautiousD.doubtful54、Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PastGlories,FutureDreams.B.TheVirtualWorld,theRealChallenge.C.High-techCompanies,Low-techOffices.D.TheMoreCraftsmanship,theLessCreativity.五、DoesFameDriveYouCrazy?Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today，sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld'sattention.Paparazzi（狗仔隊(duì)）campoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloids（小報(bào)）publishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature!AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillarreal,celebrities一famouspeople一worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually,theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare,seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem,notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,〞Villarrealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.〞Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplain（抱怨）abouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.Beingapublicfiguretoday,however,isalotmoredifficultthanitusedtobe.Superstarscannotmoveaboutwithoutworryingaboutphotographerswithmoderncameras.Whentheysaysomethingsillyordosomethingridiculous,thereisalwaystheInternettospreadthenewsinminutesandkeeptheir“story〞aliveforever.Iffameissotroublesome,whyaren'tallcelebritiesrunningawayfromit?Theansweristherearestillwaystodealwithit.Somestarsstaycalmbysurroundingthemselveswithtrustedfriendsandfamilyorbyescapingtoremoteplacesawayfrombigcities.Theyfocusnotonhowfamoustheyarebutonwhattheylovetodoorwhatevermadethemfamousinthefirstplace.Sometimesafewcelebritiescangetalittlejustice.Still,evenstarswhoenjoyfulljusticeoftencomplainabouthowhardtheirlivesare.Theyaretiredofbeingfamousalready.63、Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatstarstoday.A.areoftenmisunderstoodbythepubliccannolongerhavetheirprivacyprotectedspendtoomuchontheirpublicappearancecarelittleabouthowtheyhavecomeintofame64、WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Greatheroesofthepastweregenerallyadmired.Theproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.Well-knownactorsareusuallytargetsoftabloids.Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.65、Whatmakesitmuchhardertobeacelebritytoday?A.Availabilityofmodernmedia.B.Inadequatesocialrecognition.C.Lackoffavorablechances.D.Hugepopulationoffans.66、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardmoderncelebrity?A.Sincere.B.Sceptical.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.六、Ifyouexhibitpositivecharacteristicssuchashonestyandhelpfulness,thechancesarethatyouwillbethoughtasagood-lookingperson,foranewstudyhasfoundthattheperception〔認(rèn)知〕ofphysicalattractivenessisinfluencedbyaperson'spersonality．Thestudy,whichwasledbyGaryW．Lewandowski,hasfoundthatpeoplewhoexhibitnegativecharacteristics,suchasunfairnessandrudeness,appeartobelessphysicallyattractivetoobservers．Inthestudy,theparticipantsviewedphotographsofopposite-sexindividualsandratedthemforattractivenessbeforeandafterbeingprovidedwithinformationabouttheirpersonalities．Afterpersonalityinformationwasreceived,participantsalsoratedtheprobabilityofeachindividual'sbecomingafriendandadatingpartner．Informationonpersonalitywasfoundtosignificantlychangetheprobability,showingthatcognitive〔認(rèn)知的〕processesmodify〔修改〕judgmentsofattractiveness.“Thinkingapersonashavingadesirablepersonalitymakesthepersonmoresuitableingeneralasacloserelationshippartnerofanykind,〞saidLewandowski．Thefindingsshowthatapositivepersonalityleadstogreaterexpectationofbecomingfriends,whichleadstogreaterexpectationofbecomingromanticpartnersand,finally,tobeingviewedasmorephysicallyattractive．Thefindingsremainedconsistentregardlessofhow“attractive〞theindividualwasformerlythoughttobeoroftheparticipants'currentrelationshipstatus．“Thisresearchprovidesapositiveoutcomebyremindingpeoplethatpersonalitygoesalongwaytowarddeterminingyourattractiveness；itcanevenchangepeople'simpressionsofhowgood-lookingyouare，〞saidLewandowski．1、Inthestudytheparticipantswererequiredto．A.trytomakefriendswitheachothertrytoprovepositivecharactersmakepeoplemoreattractiveexhibitnegativecharacterssuchasunfairnessandrudenessrateone'sattractivenessbyphotosbeforeandafterknowingherorhispersonality2、What'stheCORRECTorderofhowcognitiveprocessesmodifyjudgmentsofattractiveness?a．findapersonwithapositivepersonalityb．viewthepersonmorephysicallyattractivec．wanttomakefriendswiththepersond．wanttobehis/herromanticpartnera—cfdfbB.dfCfb—aC.cfbfa—dD.a—dfCfb3、WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?A.Theresearchremindspeopletopaymoreattentiontothe