高考單項(xiàng)填空題考查的語言知識點(diǎn)多

高考單項(xiàng)填空題考查的語言知識點(diǎn)多，覆蓋面廣，且突出語境化因素，旨在考查考生記憶、理解、掌握中學(xué)階段所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)語法、基本詞匯以及習(xí)語的熟練程度和靈活運(yùn)用語言的能力。考生除了必須具備扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)外，還要有科學(xué)的解題方法。一、句子結(jié)構(gòu)還原法英語中的許多句子會以各種結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)，如倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句等。試題還常以變化句型的方式來增加語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性。因此考生平時就要留意它們的特征，透過復(fù)雜的語言環(huán)境，結(jié)合語法分析看透題目的意圖。正確的方法有：1.將疑問句、感嘆句還原為陳述句()①Whatgreatdifficultywehad________her!A.persuadeB.topersuadeC.persuadingD.persuaded()②YoucannotimaginewhatgreattroubleItook________yourhouse.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.havingfound()③Whowouldyouratherhave________atthemeeting?A.spokenB.tospeakC.speakingD.speak2.將倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句還原為正常語序()④Marythoughtthatitwas________thatJanedidhertolendherthebeautifulcar.A.possibleB.kindC.necessaryD.afavour()⑤Wasitinthebeautifulpark________waslocatedbythesea________wefirstmetournewChineseteacher?A.where；whichB.which；whichC.that；thatD.which；where()⑥Look！There________MumandDad!A.comesB.comeC.arecomingD.iscoming3.將省略句還原為完整句省略句可用于簡單句及復(fù)合句，它的使用雖然能使句子更加簡潔，但有時使人理解困難。在近年來的高考題中已多次出現(xiàn)省略句的考點(diǎn)。條件狀語從句、時間狀語從句等常用省略形式。解題時應(yīng)根據(jù)語境邏輯需要將被省略的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)齊，從而達(dá)到正確理解的目的。()⑦—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes，sincehe________theChineseSociety.A.hasjoinedB.joinsC.hadjoinedD.joined()⑧Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow，and________．A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite()⑨Whenfirst________tothemarket，theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced()—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—________hernewbike.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing()—Whatdoyouthinkofmycomposition?—Better________it.A.rewriteB.torewriteC.rewritingD.rewritten()Youshouldhavebeenmorecareful.Ifyou________nexttime，youwillregretagain.A.don'tB.aren'tC.shouldn'tD.won't()OnAIDSDay，theministerofHealthDepartmentdemandedthattheproblems________paidspecialattentionto.A.referredtobeingB.referredtobeC.refertobeingD.refertobe()ThereisaremarkabledifferencebetweentheshortpoemsthatwerewritteninEnglisharoundtheyear1500and________writtenaround1600.A.thatB.oneC.thoseD.ones4.將冗長題干還原為簡單題干(化繁為簡法)命題者往往有意設(shè)置一些無效附加信息，使題干復(fù)雜化。在解決這類題時，不妨將這些無效附加信息大膽合理地舍去，即將起干擾作用的定語從句、非謂語動詞、介詞短語或插入語，如Ithink/suppose/believe，doyouthink/suppose/believe，youknow，ofcourse等刪除，從而更容易選出正確答案。()Itisglobalwarming，ratherthanotherfactors，______theextremeweather.A.thathaveledtoB.whichhascausedC.whicharecausingD.thathasledto()Theotherday，mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat______Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that()Thisisthewayyouthoughtof______theproblems.A.beingsolvedB.tosolveC.solvingD.havingsolved()—Eachofthestudents，workinghardathisorherlessons，______togotouniversity.—SodoI.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped5.將被動式題干還原為主動式題干()Theteachersaidtimeshouldbemadegooduseof______ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.beinglearned()Acookwillbeimmediatelyfinedifheisfound_____inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked二、語境分析法語境即一定的語言環(huán)境。近年的高考題往往自然、巧妙地設(shè)置一定的語言情景或故意隱蔽某些有效的信息?？忌鷥H憑語法和詞匯知識來判斷某些單項(xiàng)填空題往往很難作出正確選擇。因此，首先要認(rèn)真研讀題干，抓住特定的信息詞(組)，捕獲題干中的隱含信息，再作定論。只有分析具體的語言情境，尋找解題的最關(guān)鍵信息，同時要注意中西文化的差異，才能找出答案。()—Annisinhospital.—Oh，really?I______know.I______goandvisither.A.didn't；amgoingtoB.don't；wouldC.don't；willD.didn't；will()—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme，Mary?—Ihaven'ttheleastinterestinit；______，Ihavelotsofhomeworktodo.A.otherwiseB.besidesC.howeverD.therefore()—Howlong________inJi'nan?—Forjusttheweekend.Iwasbackshortlyafterthemeeting.A.didyoustayB.haveyoustayedC.wereyoustayingD.areyoustaying()—WhydoesSaraknowsomuchaboutAngkorWat?—She________havebeenthere，or...A.mustB.mayC.canD.would三、標(biāo)點(diǎn)暗示法標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號在高考試題中占有一席之地。它在單項(xiàng)填空題題干中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽視，特別是在定語從句或分詞作狀語等的結(jié)構(gòu)中。有時看似有兩個句子，于是就選連詞，正好掉進(jìn)命題人設(shè)計的陷阱。事實(shí)上，有時貌似句子的“句子”卻沒有謂語，其中的動詞只是一個非謂語動詞(多為分詞)。()Hewrotefivenovels，twoof________translatedintoEnglish.A.itB.themC.whichD.that()Theoldmanhasasonandtwodaughters，________treatinghimwell.A.noneofthemB.noneofwhomC.andnoneofwhomD.andnoneofthem()Asisknowntoall，MontrealisthesecondlargestFrench－speakingcityintheworld，________.A.ParisisthelargestB.ParisthelargestC.ParistobethelargestD.Parisbethelargest()Iwanttobuyagiftforher，________beyondherimagination.A.whichB.thatC.onethatD.something()ThereareeighttipsinDr.Roger'slectureonsleep，andoneofthemis:___tobedearlyunlessyouthinkitisnecessary.A.doesn'tgoB.nottogoC.notgoingD.don'tgo()Pleasedomeafavour—________myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheatreat7：30tonight.A.toinviteB.invitingC.inviteD.invited四、語法分析法對基本語法的靈活運(yùn)用是高考單項(xiàng)填空考查的一個主要內(nèi)容。解題時必須仔細(xì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，注意句子前后的一致性，如主謂一致、時態(tài)一致、代詞一致等，并且快速劃分出意群，弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出所缺句子的成分，這樣才有利于問題的解決。尤其要查看有無連詞。若經(jīng)查實(shí)，前后的確是兩個句子，就要看其中的一個分句是否已經(jīng)用了連詞。若已經(jīng)有連詞，一般不再用連詞；若還沒有用連詞，就一定要選連詞。()IfanexcellentChinesenovelistranslatedintoEnglish，________meansmanymorepeopleintheworldcanenjoyit.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that()AnexcellentChinesenovelistranslatedintoEnglish，________meansmanymorepeopleintheworldcanenjoyit.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that()Shemayhavemissedthetrain，________shewon'tarriveforanotherhour.A.inwhichcaseB.inonecaseC.inanycaseD.inthatcase()________wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who()Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders____consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which()—Englishhasalargevocabulary，hasn'tit?—Yes.________morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known()JamesCookwasastrictcaptain，but____allthesailorsontheshipshowedrespectfor.A.thatB.theoneC.whoD.one()________buthestilldidn'tknowwhattodo.A.ThoughhehadbeentoldB.HehadbeentoldC.HavingbeentoldD.Told五、固定搭配法固定搭配法就是根據(jù)詞與詞的搭配關(guān)系來找某問題答案的方法。常見的是一些特定的句型、句式(如倒裝，therebe，it＋be＋...，祈使句＋and/or...)和某些固定的短語搭配等。在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累一些常見的固定句式、動詞與副詞的搭配、名詞與形容詞的搭配等等，對做題十分有利。()Itisoftensaidthatthejoyoftravellingis________inarrivingatyourdestination________inthejourneyitself.A./;butB./;orC.not;orD.not;but()Youhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace_____herfootwoundedsomuch.A.forB.whenC.withD.while()I____itasabasicprincipleofthecompanythatsuppliersofrawmaterialsshouldbegivenafairpricefortheirproducts.A.makeB.lookC.takeD.think()—We________aswellgostraighthome.There'snothingbettertodo.—OK，thoughIhatetodoso.A.mightB.canC.shouldD.must六、突破思維定式法思維定式即以習(xí)慣的方式解決問題的思路。命題者常利用考生熟悉的句型結(jié)構(gòu)、固定搭配或母語等巧設(shè)陷阱，給考生造成假象。解題中注意正確理解句意，克服思維定勢才是解題的關(guān)鍵。()—Howdoyoufindthebooks?—Oh，theyarewonderful.Peopleherethink______ofthebooks.A.anumberB.agreatmanyC.agreatdealD.aplenty()Thehomeimprovementshavetakenwhatlittlethereis________mysparetime.A.fromB.inC.ofD.at()Weshouldpreventpollution________happily.A.livingB.toliving