考研英語88-06歷年真題

1986年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary

Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethe

sentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(15points)

EXAMPLE:

Iwascaughttherainyesterday.

[A]in

[B]by

[C]with

[D]at

ANSWER:[A]

1.Nodoctorscouldcurethepatienthisstrangedisease.

[A]with

[B]of

[C]from

[D]off

2.Hewashiswits'endwhattodo.

[A]in

[B]on

[C]at

[D]of

3.Priorhisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter.

[A]to

[B]of

IC]in

[D]from

4.Thedrivinginstructortoldmetopullatthepostoffice.

[A]up

|B]back

[C]round

[D]along

5.When(here'sadoubt,thechairman'sdecisionis.

[A]right

[B]definite

[C]fixed

[D]final

6.WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways.

[A]unquestionable

|B]sound

[C]subtle

|D]healthy

7.Thenoiseoftheplanediedinthedistance.

|A]away

[B]out

[C]down

[D]off

8.Hospitaldoctorsdon'tgooutveryoftenastheirworkalltheirtime.

[A]takesaway

|B]takesin

[C]takesover

[D]takesup

9.Attendancesatfootballmatcheshavesincethecomingoftelevision.

[A]droppedin

[B]droppeddown

[C]droppedoff

[D]droppedout

10.Afterthedeathoftheirparents,thesistersgotwellandneverquarreled.

[A]away

[B]in

[C]along

[D]out

11.Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatstocomesfirst.

[A]who

[B]whom

[C]whoever

[D]whomever

12.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationtheadvertiser

paysforthemessagetobedelivered.

[A]inthat

[B]inwhich

[C]inorderthat

[D]intheway

13.Heisofanactor.

[A]anybody

[B|anyone

[C]somebody

[D]something

14.Thecaptainapologizedtotellusmoreabouttheaccident.

[A]fortobeunable

[B]thathewasunable

[C]tobeunable

[D]forbeingunable

15.isnoreasonfordischargingher.

[A]Becauseshewasafewminuteslate

|B]Owingtoafewminutesbeinglate

[C]Thefactthatshewasafewminuteslate

[D]Beingafewminuteslate

SectionII:CloseTest

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]

and[D].Choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthe

wholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.(10points)

OnWednesdayafternoonsAnnietookthebusintotowntoshopinthemarket.Foranhouror

_16_shewouldwalkupanddownbetweenthestallslookingateverything,buyinghereand

there,and_17—asharplookoutforthebargainsthatweresometimestobehad.Andthen,with

allthethingssheneeded_18_shewouldleavethemarketforthestreetsofthetowntospend

anotherhour_19—shelikedbest:lookinginfurnitureshopwindows.

OneWednesdayshefoundanewshopfullofthemostdelightfulthings,withanoticeinviting

anyonetowalkinandlook_20—withoutfeelingtheyhadtobuysomething.Anniehesitated

foramomentbeforesteppingthroughthedoorwaywhere,almostatonce,shestopped_21_

beforeagreenarmchair.Therewasacardonthechairwhichsaid:"Thisfinechairisyours

—22_lessthanapoundaweek,“andverysmallatthebottom,t4Cashpriceeighty-ninepounds

fifty."Apoundaweek..._23_,shecouldalmostpaythatoutofherhousekeepingmoneyand

nevermissit!Avoiceathershouldermadeher_24_.“CanIhelpyou,Madam?”Shelooked

roundattheassistantwhohadcomesoftlytoher_25—.

“Oh,well,no,“shesaid.UIwasjustlooking.”“We'vechairsofallkindsintheshowroom.If

you'lljustcomeup,youwillfindsomethingtosuityou.”

Annie,worriedatthethoughtofbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingshedidn'tneed,lefttheshop

hurriedly.

16.[A]so

[B]more

[C]else

[D]another

17.[A]taking

[B]making

|C]fixing

[D]keeping

18.[A]buy

[B]bought

[C]buying

[D]tohavebought

19.[A]inaway

[B]bytheway

[C]intheway

[D]ontheway

20.[A]behind

[B]round

[C]back

[D]on

21.[A]doubted

[B]wondered

[C]puzzled

[D]delighted

22.[A]at

[B]for

[C]with

[D]in

23.[A]Why

[B]When

[C]How

[D]What

24.[A]jump

[B]leap

IC]laugh

[D]wonder

25.[A]place

[B]back

[C]side

[D]front

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension

Eachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefour

answers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Put

yourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)

Text1

Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfind

thesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisan

increasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeingreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhaps

donotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewho

arecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancall

thesepeople“generalists."Andthese“generalists“areparticularlyneededforpositionsin

administration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplan

forotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople'swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.

Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa“trained”

man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist-and

especiallytheadministrator—dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,

andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated"man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongest

foundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisa

goodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsof

people,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofind

out,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyour

careeraccordingly.

Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou-butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyou

shouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdany

job.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilya

trainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.

26.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor.

[A]allroundpeopleintheirownfields

[B|peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople'swork

[C]generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional

[D]specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers

27.Thespecialistis.

[A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople

[B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefields

[C]amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees

[D]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters

28.Theadministratoris.

[A]a"irained“manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist

|B]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest

[C]amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities

[D]amanwhoisan“educated"specialist

29.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant.

[A]totrytobeageneralist

[B]tochooseaprofitablejob

[C]tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou

[D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist

30.Aman'sfirstjob.

[A]isnevertherightjobforhim

|B]shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob

[C]shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob

[D]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljob

Test2

AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAgeand,untilrecent

times,unknowntoman.Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainrangeswhoseextentandelevation

arestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacompleteblankonourmaps.Manhasexplored,on

foot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.

TheArcticisanocean,coveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesof

Europe,Asia,andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeand

Australiacombined,centeredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurroundedbythemost

unobstructedwaterareasoftheworld-theAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.

Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,theairovertheAntarctic

isfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscoldaircurrentfromthelandisso

forcefulthatitmakesthenearbyseasthestormiestintheworldandrendersunlivablethose

regionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeendoftheglobeareinhabited.Thus,morethana

millionpersonslivewithin2,000milesoftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaska,

Siberia,andScandinavia-aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfromahandfulof

weatherstations,withinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletree,industry,or

settlement.

31.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe.

[A]Iceland

|B]LandofOpportunity

[C]TheUnknownContinent

[D]UtopiaatLast

32.Atthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas.

[A]verylimited

[B]vast

[C]fairlyrich

[D]nonexistent

33.Antarcticaisborderedbythe.

[A]PacificOcean

|B]IndianOcean

[C]AtlanticOcean

|D]Allthree

34.TheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby.

[A]coldair

[B]calmseas

[C]ice

[D]lackofknowledgeaboutthecontinent

35.Accordingtothisarticle.

[A]2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinent

[B]amillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPole

[C]weatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemakesettlementsimpractical

|D]onlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarctica

SectionIV:StructureandVocabulary

Fillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentences.Putyourchoicesinthe

bracketsontheleft.(10points)

EXAMPLE:

Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;itsixhouses.

[A]ended

[B]finished

[C]was

[D]lasted

ANSWER:[D]

36.Musicoftenusofeventsinthepast.

[A]remembers

[B]memorizes

[C]reminds

[D]reflects

37.IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshouldmycold.

[A]heat

|B]cure

[C]treat

|D]recover

38.Icouldjustseeacarinthedistance,butIcouldn'twhatcolouritwas.

[A]makeout

[B]lookto

[C]lookout

[D]takein

39.Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromtheonhisface.

[A]appearance

[B|shock

[C]look

[D]sight

40.Thetoyboatturnedoverandsanktotheofthepool.

[A]base

[B]depth

[C]ground

[D]bottom

41.Marynevertellsanyonewhatshedoesfora.

[A]job

[B]work

[C]profession

[D]living

42.Thatboyissuchagoodviolinisthewillprobablymakequiteaforhimself.

[A]star

[B]credit

|C]name

[D]character

43.Oldphotographsgiveoneabriefofthepast.

[A]glance

|B]glimpse

[C]sight

|D]look

44.Thenovelistisahighlyperson.

[A]imaginable

[B]imaginative

[C]imaginary

[D]imagined

45.Althoughthepayisnotgood,peopleusuallyfindsocialworkinotherways.

[A]payable

[B|respectful

[C]grateful

[D]rewarding

SectionV:Error-detectionandCorrection

Eachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).Theseparts

arelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyour

choiceinthebracketsontheleft.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedown

thecorrectwordorphraseonthelinefollowingthebrackets.(10points)

EXAMPLE:

You'vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there's[B]hardlysomething[C]

left.fD]

ANSWER:[C]anything

46.Theprofessortoldtheeconomics[A]studentthathedidn'tapprove[B|in[C]histakingthe

advancedcoursebefore[D]hemadeapassingmarkinEconomics1.

47.Althoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestill[A]inneedofrepair,[B]therehave

been[C]improvementinthefacilities.[D]

48.Mr.Gilmoreisoneofthosemenwhoappears[A]tobefriendly[B]however,itisveryhard

todeal[C]withhim.[D]

49.Tounderstandthesituationcompletely[A]requires[B]morethoughtthanhasgiven|C]

thusfar.[D]

50.[A]greatmany[A]educatorsfirmly[B]believethatEnglishisoneofthepoorest|C]

taughtsubjectsinhighschoolstoday.[D]

51.Ofallhisoutdoor[A]activities.Paullikesfishingbestofall,[B]buthedoesn'tenjoy

cleaning[C]fishingrodsafterwards.[D]

52.1should[A]nothaverecognizedthe|B|maneven[C]youhadtold[D]mehisname.

53.Inanhour's[A]timeIhaddonetheworkwith[B]mysatisfaction;Igotmyhatin[C]hall

andslippedoutunnoticed.|D]

54.Thenewhotelhaserected[A]abeautifulbuildingwith[B]recreationareasandconference

facilitiesonthetopfloorinwhich[C]thefinestviewofthecitycanbeobtained.[D]

55.Whilein[A]Europe,thetouristsenjoyedto[B]theirheart's[C]contenttheweather,the

foodandgoingtothetheatre.[D]

SectionVI:VerbForms

Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofverbsgiveninbrackets.(10points)

EXAMPLE:

Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident(appointed)forthiscollege.

ANSWER:(should)beappointed

56.Theenemyretreatedtothewoodsafterthey(defeat).

57.I(speak)tohimforsometimebeforeIrealizedwhohewas.

58.Oneshouldneverloseone'sheartwhen(confront)withtemporarydifficulties.

59.Thehousesuddenlycollapsedwhileit(pull)down.

60.On(give)anassignmenttomakeabusinesstourabroad,hegladlyacceptedit.

61.(Get)everythingready,theygotdowntomapoutaplanfortheconstructionofanew

expressway.

62.AfterPetergrewabeard,evenhisclosefriends(notrecognize)himatfirstsight.

63.Darkness(set)in,theyoungpeoplelingeredonmerrymaking.

64.Thestudentswereto(assemble)attheauditoriumbefore1:30p.m.,butthelecturewas

canceledatthelastminute.

65.Emphasisislaidonthenecessitythatalltheobjectivestobeattained(take)intoaccount

beforestartinganewproject.

SectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)

66.去年的好收成是由于農(nóng)場管理的改進(jìn)和有利的氣體條件。

67.他在科研上取得的成就要比預(yù)期的大。

68.我們現(xiàn)在必須做的是把情況作一番仔細(xì)的調(diào)查。

69.很難說哪個(gè)方案更為切實(shí)可行。

70.昨晚如果他來了，問題也許已得到解決。

SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation

Directions:

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.

(20points)

Itwouldbeinterestingtodiscoverhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversitywithoutanyclear

ideaofwhattheyaregoingtodoafterwards.(71)Ifoneconsiderstheenormousvarietyof

coursesoffered,itisnothardtoseehowdifficultitisforastudenttoselectthecoursemost

suitedtohisinterestsandabilities.(72)Ifastudentgoestouniversitytoacquireabroader

perspectiveoflife,toenlargehisideasandtolearntothinkforhimself,hewillundoubtedly

benefit.(73)Schoolsoftenhavetoorestrictinganatmosphere,withitstimetablesanddisciplines,

toallowhimmuchtimeforindependentassessmentoftheworkheisaskedtodo.(74)Most

studentswould,Ibelieve,profitbyayearofsuchexplorationofdifferentacademicstudies,

especiallythose“allrounders^^withnoparticularinterest.Theyshouldhavelongertimeto

decideinwhatsubjecttheywanttotaketheirdegrees,sothatinlaterlife,theydonotlookback

andsay,“Ishouldliketohavebeenanarchaeologist.IfIhadn,ttakenadegreeinModern

Languages,Ishouldn'thaveendedupasaninterpreter,butit'stoolatenow.Icouldn'tgoback

andbeginalloveragain.”

(75)Thereis,ofcourse,anothersidetothequestionofhowtomakethebestuseofone'stimeat

university.(76)Thisisthecaseofthestudentwhoexcelsinaparticularbranchoflearning.(77)

HeisimmediatelyacceptedbytheUniversityofhischoice,andspendshisthreeorfouryears

becomingaspecialist,emergingwithafirst-classHonourDegreeandverylittleknowledgeof

whattherestoftheworldisallabout.(78)Itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthat,if

studentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailed

informationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.Onlyinthiswaycanwebesurethatwearenotto

have,ontheonehand,abandofspecialistsignorantofanythingoutsideoftheirownsubject,

andontheotherhand,aneverincreasingnumberofgraduatesqualifiedinsubjectsforwhich

thereislittleornodemandintheworkingworld.

1986年參考答案

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15points)

1.[B]2.[C]3.[A]4.[A]5.[D]

6.[B]7,[A]8.[D]9.[C]10.[C]

11.[C]12.[A]13.[D]14.[D]15.[C]

SectionII:Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)

16.[A]17.[D|18.[B]19.[C]20.[B]

21.[D]22.[B]23.[A]24.[A]25.[C]

SectionHI:ReadingComprehension(10points)

26.[B]27.[D]28.[C]29.[D]30.[B]

31.[C]32.[A]33.[D]34.[A]35.[C]

SectionIV:StructureandVocabulary(10points)

36.[C]37.[B]38.[A]39.[C]40.[D]

41.[D]42.[C]43.[B]44.[B]45.[D]

SectionV:Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)

46.[C]approveof47.[C]hasbeen

48.[A]appear49.[C]hasbeengiven

50.[C]mostpoorly51.[B](the)best,(the)most

52.[C]evenif,eventhough53.[B]to

54.[C]where,fromwhich,onwhich55.[D]thetheatre

SectionVI:VerbForms(10points)

56.weredefeated/hadbeendefeated57.hadbeenspeaking

58.confronted59.wasbeingpulled

60.beinggiven61.Havinggot

62.could/didnotrecognize,werenotabletorecognize63.setting

64.haveassembled/assemble65.(should)betaken

SectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(15points)

66.Thegoodcroplastyearwasduetotheimprovementoffarmmanagementandfavorable

weathercondition.

67.Thesuccesshehasachievedinscientificresearchisgreaterthanexpected.

68.Whatwemustdonowistomakeacarefulinvestigationofthesituation.

69.It'shardtosaywhichplanismorepracticable.

70.Ifhehadcomeyesterdayevening,thequestionmighthavebeensolved.

SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation(20points)

71.如果想一想那些為學(xué)生設(shè)置的門類繁多的課程，我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，對一個(gè)學(xué)生來說，

要選一門符合他的興趣和能力的課程是多么困難。

72.如果一個(gè)學(xué)生進(jìn)大學(xué)是為了想獲得一個(gè)對生活前景更廣泛的認(rèn)識(shí)，為了擴(kuò)大思想境界

和學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立思考，那么毫無疑問，進(jìn)大學(xué)對他是有好處的。

73.學(xué)校由于受課程表和紀(jì)律的約束，氣氛往往令人感到過于拘束，使學(xué)生沒有充分時(shí)間

對規(guī)定要他做的事情有獨(dú)立的見解。

74.我認(rèn)為大多數(shù)學(xué)生，尤其是那些沒有偏重某一門課程的“全面發(fā)展的學(xué)生”，經(jīng)過一年

左右的時(shí)間對各門不同學(xué)科的鉆研，將會(huì)從中獲益。

75.當(dāng)然，關(guān)于一個(gè)人如何最充分地利用上大學(xué)的時(shí)間，還有另外一個(gè)方面。

76.某一學(xué)科中出類拔萃的學(xué)生就屬于這種情況。

77.他一畢業(yè)馬上就被一所他自己選中的大學(xué)所接受，再花三、四年時(shí)間，以優(yōu)異的成績

取得榮譽(yù)學(xué)位，成為一名專家，但對外界的一切卻幾乎一無所知。

78.因此，如果要學(xué)生好好利用他們上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，就應(yīng)該為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程方面

更為詳盡的信息和更多的指點(diǎn)。這個(gè)問題顯得越來越重要了。

1987年全國碩上研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary

Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethe

sentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)

EXAMPLE:

Iwascaughttherainyesterday.

[A]in

IB]by

[C]with

[D]at

ANSWER:[A]

1.Theskyscraperstandsoutthebluesky.

[A]in

[B]against

[C]under

[D]beneath

2.Theyhavealwaysbeenongoodwiththeirnext-doorneighbors.

[A]friendship

[B]relations

[C]connection

[D]terms

3.Hello!Isthat21035?Pleaseputmetothemanager.

[A]across

[B]up

[C]through

[D]over

4.Whydoyoulookso?Youneversmileorlookcheerful.

[A]miserable

[B]unfortunate

[C]sorry

[D]rude

5.Eggs,thoughnourishing,haveoffatcontent.

[A]largenumber

|B]alargenumber

[C]thehighamount

|D]ahighamount

6.Jimalwayshisclassmatesinadebate.

[A]backsout

[B]backsaway

[C]backsup

[D]backsdown

7.Mostofthepeoplewhotwoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.

[A]havelivedout

[B]havelivedthrough

[C]havelivedon

|D]havelivedoff

8.Therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobewhenyouarecamping.

[A]putup

[B]putupwith

[C]putoff

[D]putaway

9.Isittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulleddownnewofficeblocks?

[A]toaccommodate

[B]toprovidefor

[C]toincrease

[D]tomakeroomfor

10.Beinginnogreathurry,.

[A]wewentthelongroutewithscenery

[B]thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference

[C]wetookthelongscenicroute

[D]ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicroute

SectionII:ReadingComprehension

Eachofthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefour

answers,readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestion.Putyour

choiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Text1

Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwith

afan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinci

conceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,"whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,but

wasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.

Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrange

lookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintothe

airfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,

andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.

Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.

Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdothe

airlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.

Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,

carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsuse

themasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionand

loggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethemforsite

selectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreand

remoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-to

placeisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacross

town,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwanted

persons.

11.Peopleexpectthat.

[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters

[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplace

asairlinersarenowdoing

[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer'sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthe

future

[D]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftoday

12.Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof.

[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop

|B|arotatingdevicetopside

[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersaleachend

[D]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting

13.Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?

[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.

[B]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.

[C]Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.

[D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.

14.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?

[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.

|B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.

[C]Theyareusedforrescuework.

[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.

15.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?

[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.

[B]Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.

[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.

[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.

Text2

InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.

TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympian

Gods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherules

againstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.Nooneknowsexactlyhowfar

backtheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.Thegamestookplace

inAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.Manythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallparts

ofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenand

dishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,but

eventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughthere

werefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleaves

placedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnameto

theyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,

richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,we

unfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.

Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomans

in394A.D.Theycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophy

behindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritof

competitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover

1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvast

facilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompeting

courtierspaytheirownathletes'expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythe

sun'srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.Thetorchsymbolizedthe

continuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntilthe

closingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception:thefive

interlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.

16.InancientGreece,theOlympicGames.

[A]weremerelynationalath