中考英語動詞不定式語法講解專項練習

歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載初中英語語法（動詞不定式）.不定式的基本形式與結構動詞不定式指通常由to加上動詞原形（如towrite）所構成的一種非限定性動詞形式，但在有些情況下to可以省略。動詞不定式有進行體和完成體（如上tobewriting，tohavewritten），也有被動態(tài)（如tobewritten），所有的主動詞，不論是及物動詞還是不及物動詞，也不論是動作動詞還是狀態(tài)動詞，都有不定式形式。助動詞除be和have外，沒有不定式形式。動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。.不定式的用法1）不定式結構作主語.TegetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago..Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge.在上述情況下，如果不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞讓作形式主語（形式主語it

不可由that或this等其他代詞代替），而將不定式放到后面。如：1.ItmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.2.Johnadmittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime.不定式結構所表示的動作是誰做的，即不定式的邏輯主語，通?？梢酝ㄟ^forsb.todosth.結構表達：1.Itisquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringageneralreview.2.Itisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.在某些形容詞（如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,

naughty,nice,silly,stupid等）作表語時，不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語：1.Itisverykindofyoutotellmethetruth.2.Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything.2）不定式作賓語不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式，另一種是“及物動詞+疑

問詞+帶to的不定式。及物動詞+帶to的不定式結構：只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有：afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decidedemand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。.Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem..Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway..Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.動詞+疑問代（副）詞+不定式：這類動詞常見的有advise,decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英語語法總結，remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。常見的疑問代（副）詞有：what,when,where,which,how,whether等。.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart..Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.用心愛心專心歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載3.Iwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.有時，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結構表達：動詞（如find,think,consider，feel等）+it+形容詞+不定式。l.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.2.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o'clock.3）不定式做表語一種情況為主語是不定式（表示條件）；表語也是不定式（表示結果）：.Toseeistobelieve..Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.另一種情況為主語是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名詞為中心的短語，或以what引導的名詞性從句，不定式表語對主語起補充說明作用：；例如：.Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture..Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice..WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience.4）不定式作定語不定式結構作名詞詞組修飾語主要有三種類型：第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語。例如：.Therewasreallynothingtofear..Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread.如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就得加相應的介詞。例如：.Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith..Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout..Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento.4.AlthoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutesIstillwasnotabletofindachairtositon.第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語；例如：.Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?.Theactiontobetakeniscorrect..Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending.第三種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結構。這類名詞通常是表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意義的名詞：ability,attempt,effort,impulse,inclination,wish等。例如：1.Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher.2.Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou.3.NeitherofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.5）不定式作狀語不定式結構在句中作狀語通常都能轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性狀語從句。例如作原因狀語：.Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea..Theyarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea..Hewasluckytoarrivebeforedark..Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark.用心愛心專心歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載作目的狀語：l.Sheraisedhervoicetobehearedbetter.2.Sheraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter..WewentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam..WewentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam作結果狀語：.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians..TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians..Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone..Hegottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone.不帶to的不定式的使用動詞不定式通常帶to,但在有些搭配中不帶to,在另一些搭配中可帶to可不帶to。歸納

起來，以下情況下使用不帶to不定式：在can/could,/may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare等情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞不定式不帶to。2）在表示感覺意義的動詞，如see初中英語語法總結，feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后，或是表示“致使”意義的動詞，如have,let,make等后，動詞不定式不帶to。例如：oftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard.2.Imusthavehimseehisownmistakes.但是，當這類結構轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，后面的不帶to不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶to不定式。

例如：.Hewasoftenheardtosaythathewouldstudyhard..Afterhehadfinishedspeaking,hewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions.3）在動詞help之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式。例如：1.Helptheoldlady（to）carrytheheavybox.4）在hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan,cannotbut等搭

配之后初中英語語法總結，動詞不定式也不帶to。例如：1.Unlessyoufeeltoilltogoout,Iwouldrathernotstayathometonight.2.Shecouldnotbutcriticizehisfoolishbehaviour.5）在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,1etfall,1etfly,letslip,letdrive,letgooffhearsay,heartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動詞不定式。例如：.Theyletgooftherope.他們松開了繩子。.Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme.約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。3.I'veheardtellofhim.我聽說過他。4.Someofthefacultywereletgoforlackofthestudents由于生源不足，一些教

職員工被解雇了。6）在介詞but初中英語語法總結初中英語語法總結，except之后，如果其前有動詞do的某

種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to,反之則必須帶to,表示“不得不初中英語語法總結，只

能”。例如：.Hewilldoanythingexceptworkonthefarm.用心愛心專心歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載.Therewasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender.3.Thespywasbothhungryandcoldtherewasnothingleftforhimbuttogivein4.Ihadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining.下面一些短語是固定搭配，不帶to：cannothelpbut,cannotchoosebut,cannotbut,donothingbut,havenothingto

dobut。例如:Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.如果上述句中有do,to省略：IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.如果是下面一個固定搭配，就帶to：Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.7）緊跟在why或whynot之后的動詞不定式總是不帶to。但是，緊跟在who,what,which,whether等連接詞后的不定式帶to。例如：Whystandupifyoucansitdown?Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon,tunderstandthemeaning?Youneedn,tdecideyetwhethertostudyartsorscience.4.不定式的完成式和進行式1）構成完成式：to+havedone進行式：to+bedoing2）用法完成式：如果不定式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）發(fā)生在主要謂語動作之前初中英語語法總結，那么

不定式就要用其完成式。進行式：如果主要謂語動作（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在發(fā)生，那么不定式就要

用其進行式。例如：l.Shefeelsrelaxedtohavefinishedwritingherthesisbeforethedeadline..TheVikingsarebelievedtohavediscoveredAmerica..Whenyoucalledmelastnight,Ihappenedtobeworkingonthecomputer.5.不定式的被動形式當不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動形式，包括它的一般式和完成式。例如：.Fortwelveyears,SpanishcensorshipdidnotallowLorca,snametobementioned

andhisworktobepublished.2.Thesnowwassupposedtohavebeenblownoffthemountain.6.不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的標志to前加not。例如：1.Idecidednottoaskhimagain.2.Pleaseremembernottoleavethelightsonwhenyouareout.單項選擇theseedsandtheywillgrow.用心愛心專心

歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載A.Water B.TowaterC.Watering D.WateredThepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbutworkforyoungpeople.A.provide B.toprovideC.providing D.providedHearrivedattheofficeearly,agoodexampletotheothers.A.set B.tosetC.tobeset D.havingsetPleasemakemyexcuseattomorrow'smeeting—I'vegottoomuchworkA.todotocomeB.doingcomingC.todocomingD.todocomingWelookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhereA.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefound D.beingfoundAfterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewentonhowmuchtheywouldcost.A.toexplainB.explainingC.tobeexplainingD.havingexplainedTotesteggs,theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey'rebad,iftheysinkthey'regood.A.put B.puttingC.toputD.tobeputtingPleaseremembertheplantswhileI'maway.A.wateringB.tobewateringC.towaterD.beingwateringwine,firstyoumustpressthegrapes.A.MakingB.TomakeC.Tobemaking D.MakeI’veneverbeensopoorabletoaffordameal.A.astobenotB.notastobeC.asnottobeD.astonotbe用心愛心專心

歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載Idon'tknowwhethertostayinteachingoranotherjob.A.tryinggettingB.totrytogetC.tryingtogetD.trygetI’llhavetochangemyclothesbeforeIgoout—Idon'twantlikethis.A.toseeB.tobeseeingC.tobeseen D.beingseenInfact,shewasthefirstwomantosuchapost.A.toelect B.tobeelectingC.tohaveelectedD.tohavebeenelectedI’dlikeovertheAlpsandlookingdownatthemountains.A.flyingB.beingflyingC.tobeflying D.beflyingI’mlearningacake.Canyouexplainone?A.tomake,tomake B.howtomake,tomakeC.tolearn,howtomakeD.making,makingWhomwouldyouratherwithyou,JimorJack?A.havego B.havetogoC.havegone D.hastogoThehusbandadvisedtothesouth,buthiswifeadvisedhimuptheidea.A.moving,givingB.tomove,togiveC.moving,togiveD.tomove,giving“Wouldyouliketocomeforawalkwithme?”“I'dprefer,thankyou.”A.nottoB.tonotC.not D.can'tIwouldmendyourradio