浙江專用2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時作業(yè)二十一必修5Unit1課件新人教版

二十一必修5

Unit1

Greatscientists(限時35分鐘)二十一必修5Unit1GreatscientisⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·北京模擬)

Researcherscontinuetoshowthepowerbehindoursenseofsmell.Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.Ⅰ.閱讀理解Thereviewexplainsthatsmellisuniqueinitseffectsonthebrain.AccordingtoConradKing,theresearcherwhocarriedoutthereview,“morethananyothersenses,thesenseofsmellgoesthroughthelogicalpartofthebrainandactsonthesystemsconcernedwithfeelings.Thisiswhythesmellofbakingbreadcandestroythebestintentionsofadieter.”ThereviewexplainsthSmell,whichdictates(決定)theunbelievablecomplexityoffoodtastes,hasalwaysbeentheleastunderstoodofoursenses.Ournosesareabletodetectupto10,000distinctsmells.Ourabilitytosmellandtastethisextremelylargerangeofsmellsiscontrolledbysomethinglike1,000genes,whichmakeupanamazing3%ofthehumangenome.ResearchersRichardAxelandLindaBuckweretogetherawardedaNobelPrizein2004fortheirground-breakingresearchonthenatureofthisextraordinarysense.Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactory(嗅覺)genesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.Smell,whichdictates(Accordingtoonestudyintheresearchreview,smellingfreshpizzaoreventhepackagingoffastfoodscanbeenoughtomakedriversfeelimpatientwithotherroadusers.Theyarethenmorelikelytospeedandexperienceuncontrollableangeronroads.Themostreasonableexplanationisthatthesecanallmakedriversfeelhungry,andthereforedesperatetosatisfytheirappetites.Incontrast,thesmellsofpeppermintandcinnamonwereshowntoimproveconcentrationlevelsaswellasreducedrivers’impatience.Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.AccordingtoonestudyHowever,thewaygenesregulatesmelldiffersfrompersontoperson.AstudybyresearchersinIsraelhasidentifiedatleast50olfactorygeneswhichareswitchedoninsomepeopleandnotinothers.Theybelievethismayexplainwhysomeofuslovesomesmellsandtasteswhileothershatethem.TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.【文章大意】文章主要介紹了人類的嗅覺基因和嗅覺系統(tǒng),科學(xué)家們通過研究嗅覺基因和嗅覺系統(tǒng)是如何工作的,發(fā)現(xiàn)了嗅覺對我們生活的影響。However,thewaygenes1.WhatdidRichardAxelandLindaBuckfindout?A.Thetypeoffoodsmells.B.Thelogicalpartofhumanbrain.C.Thenatureofhumanolfactorysystem.D.Therelationshipbetweenfoodandfeelings.1.WhatdidRichardAxelandL【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactorygenesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.(這兩位科學(xué)家首次描述了1000個嗅覺基因家族,并解釋了我們的嗅覺系統(tǒng)是如何工作的。)由此可知RichardAxel和LindaBuck這兩位科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類嗅覺系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)。【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段Thesetwo2.Whichofthefollowingcanhelppeopleconcentrate?A.Bread. B.Fastfood.C.Pizza. D.Coffee.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第五段Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.可知喝咖啡有助于提高思考和注意力。2.Whichofthefollowingcan3.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Differentpeoplearesensitivetodifferentsmells.B.Everypersonhasadifferentpatternofgenes.C.Somepeoplecanrecognizeupto50smells.D.Therearestillsomeolfactorygenestobefoundout.3.Whatdoweknowfromthela【解析】選A。推理判斷題。答案定位在最后一段TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.(以色列研究人員表示,他們的研究表明,幾乎每個人的嗅覺感受器的活躍和不活躍模式都不一樣。)由此可知不同的人對不同的氣味敏感?！窘馕觥窟xA。推理判斷題。答案定位在最后一段TheIsra4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Logicandbehavior.B.Smellanditsinfluence.C.Senseabilityandfoodtastes.D.Olfactorygenesanditssystem.4.Whatisthepassagemainly【解析】選B。主旨大意題。第一段Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.(最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),比薩等食物的味道會讓道路上的司機(jī)產(chǎn)生無法控制的憤怒)是全文的主題句,結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容,可知這篇文章主要介紹了氣味及其影響?！窘馕觥窟xB。主旨大意題。第一段Recentstudies【知識拓展】詞匯積累uncontrollableanger不可遏止的怒氣;unbelievablecomplexity難以置信的復(fù)雜性;detect發(fā)現(xiàn);humangenome人類基因庫;ground-breakingresearch開創(chuàng)性的研究;desperatetosatisfytheirappetites迫切滿足欲望【知識拓展】詞匯積累B(2021·天津模擬)

Arewealoneintheuniverse?AteamofscientistsannouncedonJanuary6,2015thattheyhadidentifiedeightplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem,threeorfourofwhichorbitintheirstars“GoldilocksZone”—theregionwheretemperaturesarenottoohotortoocoldforwater,whichisanecessaryingredientforlifeasweknowit,toexistliquidform.ThismaybegoodnewsforpeoplehopingthatEarthisnottheonlyinhabitedworldintheuniverse.BThescientists,ledbyDr.GuilermoTorresoftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,madethediscoveriesusingdatacollectedbytheplanet-seekingKeplertelescope.NASAlaunchedKeplerin2009.Sincethen,thetelescopehasidentifiedmorethan1,000planetsoutsideofoursolarsystem.TorresandhisteamanalyzedthedataabouttheeightnewlydiscoveredworldtodeterminewhichonesaremostlikelytobesimilartoourEarth.Thescientists,ledbyAmongthenewdiscoveries,thescientistssaytheplanetscalledKepler438band442baretheclosesttoEarth.Kepler438bisjustabout10%largerthanourplanet,andgets40%moreofitsenergyfromitsstarthanEarthreceivesfromtheSun.Temperaturestherewouldbeabout140degrees.Kepler442bisabout33%largerthanEarth,butreceives30%lessenergyfromitsstar.Thatwouldmakeitapotentiallychillierworldthanourown.Torressaysitispossibleforlifetoexistandsurviveineitherofthosetemperatures,butforthattohappen,theseplanetswouldneedtohaveanotherkeyingredientforlife:aheat-trappingatmospherelikeEarth’s.AmongthenewdiscoverWhilethesefindingsaddtothepossibilitythatlifeexistsbeyondEarth,Torrescautionsagainstdrawingconclusions.“Wearenotclaimingtheyareinhabited,”hesays.Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.Butthediscoveryofplanetsintheirstars’habitablezonessuggeststhatsomewhereoutthere,someformofalienlifemayhavetakenhold.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。講述了科學(xué)家宣布找到了太陽系外的另外八個星球,其中三四個星球的運行軌道溫度適宜,適合水的存在。這使人們相信地球外還可能存在生命的跡象。Whilethesefindingsa5.Thescientistshaveidentifiedeightplanets,_________.

A.whicharesuitableforhumanstoliveonB.someofwhicharepossibleforlifetoexistonC.someofwhichhavethesamesituationsasEarthD.whicharenottoohotortoocoldforwatertoexiston【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知,科學(xué)家已經(jīng)確定了八個太陽系以外的行星,其中三個或四個軌道恒星的“適居帶”——水,我們所知的生命存在的必要成分,在這個地區(qū),水的溫度既不太熱也不太冷,能夠以液體的形式存在。故可推理得知,八顆行星中的其中一些可能存在生命。5.Thescientistshaveidentif6.WhichstatementaboutthediscoveryofTorresandhisteamisTRUE?A.Kepler438bistoohotforanylifetoexiston.B.Kepler438band442barethefarthesttoEarth.C.TheyhavemadethediscoveriesthroughKepler.D.Theyhavediscoveredover1000planetsin7years.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thescientists,ledbyDr.GuilermoTorresoftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,madethediscoveriesusingdatacollectedbytheplanet-seekingKeplertelescope.”可知,Torres和他的團(tuán)隊是利用開普勒望遠(yuǎn)鏡收集的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些行星。6.Whichstatementaboutthed7.WhatisthepossiblethingthatKepler442blacksforlifetoexiston?A.Thewater. B.Thesunlight.C.Thesoil. D.Theatmosphere.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Torressaysitispossibleforlifetoexistandsurviveineitherofthosetemperatures,butforthattohappen,theseplanetswouldneedtohaveanotherkeyingredientforlife:aheat-trappingatmospherelikeEarth’s.”可知,開普勒442b缺少能夠讓生命存在的另一個關(guān)鍵組成部分:大氣層。7.Whatisthepossiblething8.Abouttheirexploration,Torreswantstoindicatethat_________.

A.thereisalotlefttolearnB.theyhavehaddecisivegainsC.itisthefirstinhumanhistoryD.itiscertainforlifeontheplanets8.Abouttheirexploration,To【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.”可知,Torres認(rèn)為這些行星如此遙遠(yuǎn)以至于科學(xué)家們無法直接觀測到它們,這就可以解釋為什么目前還不清楚這些行星上是否存在生命。Torres想要暗示我們還有很多很多東西需要了解?！窘馕觥窟xA。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Infact【知識拓展】長難句分析Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.分析:so...that結(jié)果狀語從句;which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面一整句話的內(nèi)容;why引導(dǎo)賓語從句,其中it作形式主語,真正主語是whether從句。翻譯:事實上,這些行星非常遙遠(yuǎn),科學(xué)家無法直接進(jìn)行觀測,這就解釋了為什么這些行星上是否存在生命還是個未知數(shù)。【知識拓展】長難句分析Ⅱ.閱讀填句

Livingtotheripeoldageof90maydependonyourbodysize—bothheightandweight—aswellasyourlevelofphysicalactivity,andgeeingtoinfluenceawoman’slifespanmorethanitdoesaman’s.Thestudyfoundwomenwholivedto90were,onaverage,tallerandhadputonlessweightsincetheageof20ascomparedtowomenwhowereshorterandheavier.

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However,mensawmorebenefitfromphysicalactivitythanwomen.

Ⅱ.閱讀填句In1986researchersaskedover7,000Norwegianmenandwomenbetweenage55and69abouttheirheight,currentweight,andweightatage20.Bothgendersalsotoldresearchersabouttheircurrentphysicalactivities.

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Themenandwomenwerethensortedintodailyactivityquotas:lessthan30minutes,30to60minutes,and90minutesormore.

Menandwomeninthestudyfaredverydifferentlywhenitcametotheimpactofbodysizeandexercise.In1986researchersasWomenwhoweighedlessatage20andputonlessweightastheyagedweremorelikelytolivelongerthanheavierwomen.

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Thestudyfoundwomenwhoweretallerthan5feet9incheswere31%morelikelytoliveintotheir90sthanwomenwhowerelessthan5feet3inches.

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Menwhospent90minutesadayormorebeingactivewere39%morelikelytoliveto90thanmenwhowerephysicallyactiveforlessthan30minutes.

However,womenwhowerephysicallyactiveformorethan60minutesadaywereonly21%morelikelytoliveto90thanthosewhodid30minutesorless.Andunlikemen,therewasnobonusforincreasingactivity.

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WomenwhoweighedlessA.Heightplayedamajorfactor.B.Nosuchassociationwasseenformen.C.Thestudywasobservationalandcouldn’testablishcause.D.Infact,thestudyfoundthattheoptimallevelofactivityforwomenwas60minutesaday.E.Neitherheightnorweightseemedtofactorintowhetherthemenreachedtheir90s,butactivityleveldid.A.HeightplayedamajorfactoF.Inaddition,foreach30minutesadaythemenwereactive,theywere5%morelikelytoreachthatage.G.Andtheyincludeddogwalking,gardening,homeimprovements,walkingorbikingtoworkandsports.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是人的壽命取決于哪些因素。研究表明活到90歲的高齡可能取決于你的身高和體重以及你的身體活動水平,并且指出影響一個女性的壽命比影響一個男性的壽命更多。F.Inaddition,foreach30mi1.【解析】選B。上文提示“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)活到90歲的女性,平均而言更高,20歲后更不易發(fā)胖,這是與更矮、更重的女性相比?！倍挛奶岬絤ensawmorebenefitfromphysicalactivitythanwomen以及However可知前后相反,前面提女性,后面講男性,承接上文,B項Nosuchassociationwasseenformen.切題。2.【解析】選G。上文提示“男女雙方還告訴研究人員關(guān)于他們當(dāng)前的體育活動?！背薪由衔?G項Andtheyincludeddogwalking,gardening,homeimprovements,walkingorbikingtoworkandsports.(它們包括遛狗、園藝、家庭環(huán)境的改善、走路或騎自行車去上班和運動。)切題。該項中的they指的就是上句中的activities。1.【解析】選B。上文提示“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)活到90歲的女性,平3.【解析】選A。下文提示“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高度超過5英尺9英寸的女性活到90歲的概率比身高不到5英尺3英寸的女性高出31%。”承接下文,A項Heightplayedamajorfactor.(高度扮演了一個主要因素。)切題。4.【解析】選E。下文提示“一天花了90分鐘或更多時間在運動上的男性比每天鍛煉少于30分鐘的男性活到90歲的可能性高39%?！背薪酉挛?E項Neitherheightnorweightseemedtofactorintowhetherthemenreachedtheir90s,butactivityleveldid.(男性是否能活到90多歲,其因素似乎既不是身高也不是體重,而是活動標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)切題。3.【解析】選A。下文提示“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高度超過5英尺9英寸的5.【解析】選D。上文提示“與男性不同,增加活動沒有額外的收獲?！背薪由衔?D項Infact,thestudyfoundthattheoptimallevelofactivityforwomenwas60minutesaday.(事實上,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),女性活動的最優(yōu)水平是每天60分鐘。)切題。5.【解析】選D。上文提示“與男性不同,增加活動沒有額外Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

The2020NobelPeacePrize1._________(go)totheUNWorldFoodProgramme(WFP)onFriday,9October2020.Theagencywasrecognizedforitseffortstofighthungerforitscontributionto2._________(improve)conditionsforpeaceinconflict-affectedareasandforactingasadrivingforcetopreventtheuseofhunger3._________aweaponofwarandconflict.TheeffortsofWFPfocusonemergencyassistance,developmentaidandspecialoperations,twothirdsofⅢ.語法填空4._________aremadeinconflict-affectedcountries.Inthosecountries,peoplearethreetimesmorelikelytosufferpoornutrition5._________thoselivingincountrieswithoutconflictdo.

DavidBeasley,WFPExecutiveDirector,saidthe6._______(announce)madebytheNorwegianNobelCommitteeturnedtheglobalspotlightonthe690millionpeople7._________(expose)toseverelevelsoffoodinsecurity.“Everyoneofthemhastherighttolivepeacefullyandwithouthunger.”

4._________aremadeinconfMrBeasleyalsonotedthattheNobelPeacePrizewasnot8._________(simple)WFP’s.Hesaid,“WFPworkscloselywithgovernments,organizationsandindividualswhoseloveforhelpinghungrypeopleequals9._________(we).Wecouldnotpossiblyhelpanyonewithoutthem.Andthedailyworkofourmembers10._________(drive)byourcorevaluesofintegrity(真誠)andhumanity.”

【文章大意】本文主要介紹了2020年諾貝爾和平獎頒發(fā)給聯(lián)合國世界糧食計劃署的事情。MrBeasleyalsonoted1.【解析】went?？疾闀r態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語“onFriday,9October2020”可知,此處描述發(fā)生在過去的動作,應(yīng)用一般過去時。2.【解析】improving。考查非謂語動詞。contributionto中的to是介詞,其后應(yīng)用動名詞。3.【解析】as?？疾榻樵~。此處指防止饑餓被用作戰(zhàn)爭和沖突的武器。根據(jù)句意可知,應(yīng)填as,意為“作為,當(dāng)作”。4.【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此處是“數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞Theefforts,關(guān)系代詞指物,故用which。1.【解析】went。考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語“on5.【解析】than?？疾闋钫Z從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句,故用連詞than。6.【解析】announcement?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意及空前的the可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語從句的主語。7.【解析】exposed?？疾榉侵^語動詞。expose和其邏輯主語the690millionpeople之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。8.【解析】simply。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾謂語動詞was應(yīng)用副詞。9.【解析】ours?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幵诰渲凶髻e語,指ourloveforhelpinghungrypeople,應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞。5.【解析】than?？疾闋钫Z從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空10.【解析】isdriven?？疾闀r態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。此處陳述客觀情況,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時;drive和主語thedailywork之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);句子主語thedailywork是不可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)用單數(shù)。10.【解析】isdriven。考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一本課結(jié)束本課結(jié)束二十一必修5

Unit1

Greatscientists(限時35分鐘)二十一必修5Unit1GreatscientisⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·北京模擬)

Researcherscontinuetoshowthepowerbehindoursenseofsmell.Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.Ⅰ.閱讀理解Thereviewexplainsthatsmellisuniqueinitseffectsonthebrain.AccordingtoConradKing,theresearcherwhocarriedoutthereview,“morethananyothersenses,thesenseofsmellgoesthroughthelogicalpartofthebrainandactsonthesystemsconcernedwithfeelings.Thisiswhythesmellofbakingbreadcandestroythebestintentionsofadieter.”ThereviewexplainsthSmell,whichdictates(決定)theunbelievablecomplexityoffoodtastes,hasalwaysbeentheleastunderstoodofoursenses.Ournosesareabletodetectupto10,000distinctsmells.Ourabilitytosmellandtastethisextremelylargerangeofsmellsiscontrolledbysomethinglike1,000genes,whichmakeupanamazing3%ofthehumangenome.ResearchersRichardAxelandLindaBuckweretogetherawardedaNobelPrizein2004fortheirground-breakingresearchonthenatureofthisextraordinarysense.Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactory(嗅覺)genesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.Smell,whichdictates(Accordingtoonestudyintheresearchreview,smellingfreshpizzaoreventhepackagingoffastfoodscanbeenoughtomakedriversfeelimpatientwithotherroadusers.Theyarethenmorelikelytospeedandexperienceuncontrollableangeronroads.Themostreasonableexplanationisthatthesecanallmakedriversfeelhungry,andthereforedesperatetosatisfytheirappetites.Incontrast,thesmellsofpeppermintandcinnamonwereshowntoimproveconcentrationlevelsaswellasreducedrivers’impatience.Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.AccordingtoonestudyHowever,thewaygenesregulatesmelldiffersfrompersontoperson.AstudybyresearchersinIsraelhasidentifiedatleast50olfactorygeneswhichareswitchedoninsomepeopleandnotinothers.Theybelievethismayexplainwhysomeofuslovesomesmellsandtasteswhileothershatethem.TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.【文章大意】文章主要介紹了人類的嗅覺基因和嗅覺系統(tǒng),科學(xué)家們通過研究嗅覺基因和嗅覺系統(tǒng)是如何工作的,發(fā)現(xiàn)了嗅覺對我們生活的影響。However,thewaygenes1.WhatdidRichardAxelandLindaBuckfindout?A.Thetypeoffoodsmells.B.Thelogicalpartofhumanbrain.C.Thenatureofhumanolfactorysystem.D.Therelationshipbetweenfoodandfeelings.1.WhatdidRichardAxelandL【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactorygenesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.(這兩位科學(xué)家首次描述了1000個嗅覺基因家族,并解釋了我們的嗅覺系統(tǒng)是如何工作的。)由此可知RichardAxel和LindaBuck這兩位科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類嗅覺系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)。【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段Thesetwo2.Whichofthefollowingcanhelppeopleconcentrate?A.Bread. B.Fastfood.C.Pizza. D.Coffee.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第五段Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.可知喝咖啡有助于提高思考和注意力。2.Whichofthefollowingcan3.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Differentpeoplearesensitivetodifferentsmells.B.Everypersonhasadifferentpatternofgenes.C.Somepeoplecanrecognizeupto50smells.D.Therearestillsomeolfactorygenestobefoundout.3.Whatdoweknowfromthela【解析】選A。推理判斷題。答案定位在最后一段TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.(以色列研究人員表示,他們的研究表明,幾乎每個人的嗅覺感受器的活躍和不活躍模式都不一樣。)由此可知不同的人對不同的氣味敏感?！窘馕觥窟xA。推理判斷題。答案定位在最后一段TheIsra4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Logicandbehavior.B.Smellanditsinfluence.C.Senseabilityandfoodtastes.D.Olfactorygenesanditssystem.4.Whatisthepassagemainly【解析】選B。主旨大意題。第一段Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.(最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),比薩等食物的味道會讓道路上的司機(jī)產(chǎn)生無法控制的憤怒)是全文的主題句,結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容,可知這篇文章主要介紹了氣味及其影響?！窘馕觥窟xB。主旨大意題。第一段Recentstudies【知識拓展】詞匯積累uncontrollableanger不可遏止的怒氣;unbelievablecomplexity難以置信的復(fù)雜性;detect發(fā)現(xiàn);humangenome人類基因庫;ground-breakingresearch開創(chuàng)性的研究;desperatetosatisfytheirappetites迫切滿足欲望【知識拓展】詞匯積累B(2021·天津模擬)

Arewealoneintheuniverse?AteamofscientistsannouncedonJanuary6,2015thattheyhadidentifiedeightplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem,threeorfourofwhichorbitintheirstars“GoldilocksZone”—theregionwheretemperaturesarenottoohotortoocoldforwater,whichisanecessaryingredientforlifeasweknowit,toexistliquidform.ThismaybegoodnewsforpeoplehopingthatEarthisnottheonlyinhabitedworldintheuniverse.BThescientists,ledbyDr.GuilermoTorresoftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,madethediscoveriesusingdatacollectedbytheplanet-seekingKeplertelescope.NASAlaunchedKeplerin2009.Sincethen,thetelescopehasidentifiedmorethan1,000planetsoutsideofoursolarsystem.TorresandhisteamanalyzedthedataabouttheeightnewlydiscoveredworldtodeterminewhichonesaremostlikelytobesimilartoourEarth.Thescientists,ledbyAmongthenewdiscoveries,thescientistssaytheplanetscalledKepler438band442baretheclosesttoEarth.Kepler438bisjustabout10%largerthanourplanet,andgets40%moreofitsenergyfromitsstarthanEarthreceivesfromtheSun.Temperaturestherewouldbeabout140degrees.Kepler442bisabout33%largerthanEarth,butreceives30%lessenergyfromitsstar.Thatwouldmakeitapotentiallychillierworldthanourown.Torressaysitispossibleforlifetoexistandsurviveineitherofthosetemperatures,butforthattohappen,theseplanetswouldneedtohaveanotherkeyingredientforlife:aheat-trappingatmospherelikeEarth’s.AmongthenewdiscoverWhilethesefindingsaddtothepossibilitythatlifeexistsbeyondEarth,Torrescautionsagainstdrawingconclusions.“Wearenotclaimingtheyareinhabited,”hesays.Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.Butthediscoveryofplanetsintheirstars’habitablezonessuggeststhatsomewhereoutthere,someformofalienlifemayhavetakenhold.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。講述了科學(xué)家宣布找到了太陽系外的另外八個星球,其中三四個星球的運行軌道溫度適宜,適合水的存在。這使人們相信地球外還可能存在生命的跡象。Whilethesefindingsa5.Thescientistshaveidentifiedeightplanets,_________.

A.whicharesuitableforhumanstoliveonB.someofwhicharepossibleforlifetoexistonC.someofwhichhavethesamesituationsasEarthD.whicharenottoohotortoocoldforwatertoexiston【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知,科學(xué)家已經(jīng)確定了八個太陽系以外的行星,其中三個或四個軌道恒星的“適居帶”——水,我們所知的生命存在的必要成分,在這個地區(qū),水的溫度既不太熱也不太冷,能夠以液體的形式存在。故可推理得知,八顆行星中的其中一些可能存在生命。5.Thescientistshaveidentif6.WhichstatementaboutthediscoveryofTorresandhisteamisTRUE?A.Kepler438bistoohotforanylifetoexiston.B.Kepler438band442barethefarthesttoEarth.C.TheyhavemadethediscoveriesthroughKepler.D.Theyhavediscoveredover1000planetsin7years.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thescientists,ledbyDr.GuilermoTorresoftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,madethediscoveriesusingdatacollectedbytheplanet-seekingKeplertelescope.”可知,Torres和他的團(tuán)隊是利用開普勒望遠(yuǎn)鏡收集的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些行星。6.Whichstatementaboutthed7.WhatisthepossiblethingthatKepler442blacksforlifetoexiston?A.Thewater. B.Thesunlight.C.Thesoil. D.Theatmosphere.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Torressaysitispossibleforlifetoexistandsurviveineitherofthosetemperatures,butforthattohappen,theseplanetswouldneedtohaveanotherkeyingredientforlife:aheat-trappingatmospherelikeEarth’s.”可知,開普勒442b缺少能夠讓生命存在的另一個關(guān)鍵組成部分:大氣層。7.Whatisthepossiblething8.Abouttheirexploration,Torreswantstoindicatethat_________.

A.thereisalotlefttolearnB.theyhavehaddecisivegainsC.itisthefirstinhumanhistoryD.itiscertainforlifeontheplanets8.Abouttheirexploration,To【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.”可知,Torres認(rèn)為這些行星如此遙遠(yuǎn)以至于科學(xué)家們無法直接觀測到它們,這就可以解釋為什么目前還不清楚這些行星上是否存在生命。Torres想要暗示我們還有很多很多東西需要了解?！窘馕觥窟xA。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Infact【知識拓展】長難句分析Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.分析:so...that結(jié)果狀語從句;which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面一整句話的內(nèi)容;why引導(dǎo)賓語從句,其中it作形式主語,真正主語是whether從句。翻譯:事實上,這些行星非常遙遠(yuǎn),科學(xué)家無法直接進(jìn)行觀測,這就解釋了為什么這些行星上是否存在生命還是個未知數(shù)?！局R拓展】長難句分析Ⅱ.閱讀填句

Livingtotheripeoldageof90maydependonyourbodysize—bothheightandweight—aswellasyourlevelofphysicalactivity,andgeeingtoinfluenceawoman’slifespanmorethanitdoesaman’s.Thestudyfoundwomenwholivedto90were,onaverage,tallerandhadputonlessweightsincetheageof20ascomparedtowomenwhowereshorterandheavier.

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However,mensawmorebenefitfromphysicalactivitythanwomen.

Ⅱ.閱讀填句In1986researchersaskedover7,000Norwegianmenandwomenbetweenage55and69abouttheirheight,currentweight,andweightatage20.Bothgendersalsotoldresearchersabouttheircurrentphysicalactivities.

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Themenandwomenwerethensortedintodailyactivityquotas:lessthan30minutes,30to60minutes,and90minutesormore.

Menandwomeninthestudyfaredverydifferentlywhenitcametotheimpactofbodysizeandexercise.In1986researchersasWomenwhoweighedlessatage20andputonlessweightastheyagedweremorelikelytolivelongerthanheavierwomen.

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Thestudyfoundwomenwhoweretallerthan5feet9incheswere31%morelikelytoliveintotheir90sthanwomenwhowerelessthan5feet3inches.

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Menwhospent90minutesadayormorebeingactivewere39%morelikelytoliveto90thanmenwhowerephysicallyactiveforlessthan30minutes.

However,womenwhowerephysicallyactiveformorethan60minutesadaywereonly21%morelikelytoliveto90thanthosewhodid30minutesorless.Andunlikemen,therewasnobonusforincreasingactivity.

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WomenwhoweighedlessA.Heightplayedamajorfactor.B.Nosuchassociationwasseenformen.C.Thestudywasobservationalandcouldn’testablishcause.D.Infact,thestudyfoundthattheoptimallevelofactivityforwomenwas60minutesaday.E.Neitherheightnorweightseemedtofactorintowhetherthemenreachedtheir90s,butactivityleveldid.A.Heightplayedamajo