山東省青島市2023屆高三上學(xué)期期初（開學(xué)）調(diào)研檢測-英語答案

2022年高三年級期初調(diào)研檢測

英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。Whatwillthemando?A.Headfbrlunch.B.Meetthemanager.C.Lendahand.Whereareprobablythespeakers?A.Inakitchen.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.WhywasJennyabsentfromschool?A.Shewasill.B.Sheoverslept.C.Shehadtolookafterhermother.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aholidayplan.B.Theman'srelatives.C.Theman'sinvitation.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Helpful.B.Grateful.C.Anxious.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。Whatisthewomandissatisfiedwithabouttheredsweater?A.Theprice.B.Thestyle.C.Thematerial.Whatisthewomanlikelytodonext?A.Gotoanotherstore.B.Tryonthegreendress.C.Buythepinkdress.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。Whatkindofroomdoesthemanprefer?A.Adoubleroom.B.Asingleroom.C.Asuite.Whatistheman'srequirementfortheroom?A.Ithasbeautifulscenery.B.Itisonthelowerfloor.C.Itissmoke-free.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。Whatdoesthemanaskthewomanabout?A.Herworkschedule.B.Herhotelinformation.C.Herflightnumber.WhatwillthewomandoonOctober12th?A.Visitsomefactories.B.Haveaconference.C.Signacontract.Whereisthewomannow?A.InMilan.B.InVenice.C.InSaoPaulo.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atanairport.B.Onaplane.C.Inataxi.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Sheiswarm-hearted.B.Sheismodest.C.Sheisknowledgeable.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?A.VisitLosAngeles.B.Pickuphisbaggage.C.Catchhisflight.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Familymembers.B.Closefriends.C.Fellowpassengers.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。Whatisthemainpurposeofthetalk?A.Tosharesomeusefulapps.B.Toshowthepowerofsound.C.lbexplainthecausesofhearingloss.WhatcanusershearatASoftMurmur?A.Oceannoises.B.Whitenoise.C.Water,fieldandforestnoises.WhoisprobablyRobert?A.Areporter.B.Auser.C.Anearspecialist.WhatdoesRobertsayaboutthedevice?A.It'saffordable.B.Itsconvenient.C.It*senjoyable.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACommunitycollegesofferlowtuition,job-specifictrainingandotherbenefits.Whetheryou'reahighschoolstudentunsureofwhichcollegestoapplytoorsomeoneconsideringgoingbacktoschool,thereareplentyofreasonstoputcommunitycollegesonyourlist.LowerCostsThemostfrequentlycitedbenefitofcommunitycollegesistherelativelylowcostofattendance.AccordingtodatafromtheCollegeBoard,communitycollegescost,onaverage,aboutone-thirdofin-statetuitionatfour-yearpublicuniversities.APathtoaFour-yearCollegeManyfour-yearuniversitieshavetransferagreementswithlocalcommunitycolleges.Theseagreementsallowstudentswhocompletespecificrequirementstoeasilytransferintoafour-yearprogramatanearbyuniversity.Transferstudentscanthencamabachelor'sdegreewhileonlyhavingtopaytwoyearsofhighertuition.FlexibilityCommunitycollegesallowforflexiblescheduling,makingthemaparticularlygoodoptionforolderstudentswhoareworkingprofessionalsorparents.Manycommunitycollegesalsoallowhighschoolstudentstotakecollege-levelcoursesduringeveningsorweekends.WorkforceTrainingCommunitycollegestendtoofferawiderangeofcareerandtechnicaleducationprogramsinfieldslikenursingorfirefighting.Thehighlyappliednatureoftheseprogramspreparesstudentsforenteringtheworkforce.Fromculinary（烹飪）artstoautomobilemechanics,communitycollegesofferabroadselectionofprofessionalizedcourseworkthatfour-yearuniversitiesoftendonot.Whoaremostlikelytoattendcommunitycolleges?Highschoolstudentsfacingcollegechoices.Adultsplanningtoworkathighschools.Collegestudentsanxioustoimprovethemselves.Professionalseagerforcollege-levelcourses.Whichisthoughttobethebiggestadvantageofcommunitycolleges?A.LowerCosts. B.APathtoaFour-yearCollege.C.Flexibility. D.WorkforceTraining.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheworkforcetrainingprograms?A.Interesting. B.Time-consuming.C.Practical. D.Demanding.【答案】1.A2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是把社區(qū)大學(xué)列入申請名單的幾條理由?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Whetheryou'reahighschoolstudentunsureofwhichcollegestoapplytoorsomeoneconsideringgoingbacktoschool,thereareplentyofreasonstoputcommunitycollegesonyourlist.（無論你是一個不確定要申請哪所大學(xué)的高中生，還是一個考慮重返校園的人，有很多理由把社區(qū)大學(xué)列入你的名單。）”可知，最有可能上社區(qū)大學(xué)的是面臨大學(xué)選擇的高中生，故選A。2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LowerCosts部分的“Themostfrequentlycitedbenefitofcommunitycollegesistherelativelylowcostofattendance.（最常被提及的社區(qū)大學(xué)的好處是入學(xué)成本相對較低。）”可知，社區(qū)大學(xué)最大的優(yōu)勢是更低的成本，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)WorkforceTraining部分的'*Communitycollegestendtoofferawiderangeofcareerandtechnicaleducationprogramsinfieldslikenursingorfirefighting.Thehighlyappliednatureoftheseprogramspreparesstudentsforenteringtheworkforce.（社區(qū)大學(xué)傾向于提供廣泛的職業(yè)和技術(shù)教育課程，如護(hù)理或消防等領(lǐng)域。這些課程的高應(yīng)用性為學(xué)生進(jìn)入職場做好了準(zhǔn)備。）”可知，勞動力培訓(xùn)計劃是實(shí)用的，故選C。BValerieBolducisexploringapathunderafour-lanehighwaytofitwildlifecameras,whenshegetsstuckinthemud."Iamreallystuck/'saystheroadecologystudent,tryingtopullherfeetoutofastreambedthattravelsthroughtheconcreteculvert（涵洞）ofQuebecRoute117.“Idonotwanttobeadeergoingthroughthat."Bolduc'sdilemmamakesevidenttherisksforwildanimalsusingthesamepath.

Awarmingclimateispushingmanyanimalstomigratetowardhigherlatitudes（緯度）toremainwithintheirdesirableenvironments,butthatcomeswithrisksastheycrossdangerousareas,suchashighways.IneasternCanada,Bolducandotherresearchersandconservationistsaretryingtopreservesafecorridors（走廊）forwildlife.Themotion-activatedcamerastheyhavebroughtwillrecordwhichspeciesareusingthetunnels.Anoutward-facingcamerawillidentifywhatanimalsapproachbutdonotenter,perhapspreventedbytrafficnoise,thetunnefssizeorotherfactors.BolducexplainsthatthishighwayrunningthroughsouthernQuebecseparatesaseriesofCanadiannationalandregionalparksoneitherside,alongwiththeiranimalpopulations. superimportant,Mshenotes,“becausetheanimalswanttomovenorthandtheyencountertheseandthencantheymovethrough?Willtheygethitbyacar?We'llneedtofigurethatout.Andweneedtohelpthem,atleastIwanttohelpthem.^^Afterfinishingfittingtheircamerasonthenorthboundsideofthehighway,Bolducandherteamdecidetheyneedanalternatepathtotheothersidetoavoidanothermisfortuneinthemud."We'regenerallytryingtobesafe/,Bolducsays,“butfortheanimals,thisistheirlife!MWhatcanwelearnfromBolduc'sexperienceofbeingtrapped?Itisdifficulttofitwildlifecameras.Sheisoutofluckduringtheexploration.Roadconditionsofthehighwayareunexpected.Itisdangerousforwildanimalstocrossthisarea.Roadconditionsofthehighwayareunexpected.Itisdangerousforwildanimalstocrossthisarea.Whatdotheseanimalsmovetohigherlatitudesfor?A.Lesstrafficnoise.B.Warmerclimate.Whatfunctionisexpectedofthewildlifecameras?lbrecordthechangesintrafficflow.C.Totrackanimalsinandaroundthetunnels.C.Safecorridors. D.Favorableenvironments.Tofigureoutdifficultieswildanimalsface.D.lbphotographthelivingenvironmentofwildanimals.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HighTechProtectsWildlife B.AnimalMigrationIsunderThreatEcologistsFeartheFutureofWildlife D.ResearchersSeekPathsforAnimalstoMigrate【答案】4.D 5.D6.C 7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是ValerieBolduc及其他研究人員通過安裝動態(tài)攝像機(jī)為動物遷徙尋找路徑?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Bolduc'sdilemmamakesevidenttherisksforwildanimalsusingthesamepath.（Bolduc的兩難處境清楚地說明了野生動物走同一條路的風(fēng)險。）”可知，我們能從博爾達(dá)克被困的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到野生動物穿過這個地區(qū)是危險的。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Awarmingclimateispushingmanyanimalstomigratetowardhigherlatitudestoremainwithintheirdesirableenvironments,butthatcomeswithrisksastheycrossdangerousareas,suchashighways.（氣候變暖正迫使許多動物向高緯度地區(qū)遷徙，以留在它們理想的環(huán)境中，但這也伴隨著風(fēng)險，因?yàn)樗鼈円┻^危險的地區(qū)，比如高速公路。）”可知，這些動物遷移到高緯度地區(qū)是為了有利的環(huán)境。故選Do【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Themotion-activatedcamerastheyhavebroughtwillrecordwhichspeciesareusingthetunnels.Anoutward-facingcamerawillidentifywhatanimalsapproachbutdonotenter,perhapspreventedbytrafficnoise,thetunnefssizeorotherfactors.（他們帶來的動態(tài)攝像機(jī)將記錄哪些物種正在使用隧道。一個朝外的攝像頭將識別哪些動物靠近但沒有進(jìn)入，也許是因?yàn)榻煌ㄔ胍?、隧道大小或其他因素。）”可知，野生動物攝像機(jī)的功能是用來追蹤隧道內(nèi)外的動物。故選C。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的"ValerieBolducisexploringapalhunderafour-lanehighwaylofitwildlifecameras,whenshegetsstuckinthemud.（瓦萊麗?博爾達(dá)克正在四車道高速公路下探索一條小路，以便安裝野生動物攝像機(jī)，這時她被困在了泥里。）”和第三段的uIneasternCanada,Bolducandotherresearchersandconservationistsaretryingtopreservesafecorridorsforwildlife.（在加拿大東部,Bolduc和其他研究人員以及自然資源保護(hù)主義者正在努力為野生動物保護(hù)安全的走廊。）”可知，本文主要講的是ValerieBolduc及其他研究人員通過安裝動態(tài)攝像機(jī)為動物遷徙尋找路徑，因此最好的題目是D選項(xiàng)"ResearchersSeekPathsforAnimalstoMigrate（研究人員為動物遷徙尋找路徑）”，故選D。CCoveredinlushfur,thethickestintheanimalkingdom,seaotters（海獺）canlivetheirentirelivesintheocean,feedingheavilyuponseaflooranimalssuchasshellfish.Theyareoftenseentoeatclams（蛤），whichburythemselvesinmeadowsofeelgrass（大葉藻場）,awide-rangingplantspeciesgrowinginwater.Eelgrassmeadowswhereseaottersdigfbrclamsbecomepartlybare,whichiscommonlyaconcernforecologists.Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,accordingtoanewstudypublishedin

Science.That'sbecausebygentlydisturbingtheseabed,theottersmaketheplantsflowerandproduceseeds.What'smore,theirdiggingprovidesmorespaceandsunlightforseedstosettleandgrow.Theenhancedgeneticdiversitycausedbyseaotterscouldmakeeelgrassmoreadaptabletopresentandfuturethreats.Thefindingisapowerfulexampleofhowanimalssuchasottersinfluencetheirecosystemsbeyondpredation（捕食），ofteninunseenandlittle-knownways,saysstudyleaderErinFoster,aresearchassociateattheHakaiInstitute.Italsomeansseaotters,anendangeredspecies,arevitaltotheirenvironmentsandgiveeelgrass,whichisindangerworldwide,abetterchanceatstayinghealthyandsurviving.Seagrasshabitatsarealsoimportantformanyfish,providingfoodforanimals,absorbing,andfilteringharmfulpollutionandbacteriafromthewater.uGeneticdiversitytypicallystrengthenstheadaptabilityofspecies,andconsideringthechallengeswe'refacing...thiswillbeimportantforeelgrassmeadows,andfromthisaspect,theimpacttheottersarehavingdeservesourlastingconcern/saysFoster.Whatdoweknowaboutseaotters?A.Theylivepartoftheirlivesunderwater.Whatdoweknowaboutseaotters?A.Theylivepartoftheirlivesunderwater.C.Theyeatclamsbeneatheelgrassmeadows.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?Bygivingopinions.C.Byclarifyingconcepts.Theymainlyfeedonseaanimalslikefish.D.Theybecomeanewconcernforecologists.B.Bypresentingreasons.D.Bycomparingresults.Whydoestheauthormentiontheendangeredconditionofeelgrass?Toprovideexamplesofseaotters*predation.Toshowtheurgencytoprotecttheenvironment.Tohighlighttheroleofottersintheirecosystems.Towarnagainstthepotentialriskofclimatechange.WhatdoesFosterthinkoftheimpactottershaveonunderwatermeadows?A.Overestimated. B.Noteworthy. C.Temporary. D.Unpredictable.【答案】8.C 9.B10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述海獺，一種瀕危物種，對它們的環(huán)境至關(guān)重要，并給全世界處于危險中的鰻草提供了更好的保持健康和生存的機(jī)會。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段"Theyareoftenseentoeatclams,whichburythemselvesinmeadowsofeelgrass,awide-rangingplantspeciesgrowinginwater.（人們經(jīng)?？粗羖j它們吃蛤蛆，蛤蝌把自己埋在鰻草草甸中，鰻草是一種廣泛生長在水中的植物。）”可知，海獺吃在鰻草下面的蛤蝌。故選C項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinScience.That'sbecausebygentlydisturbingtheseabed,theottersmaketheplantsflowerandproduceseeds.What'smore,theirdiggingprovidesmorespaceandsunlightforseedstosettleandgrow.Theenhancedgeneticdiversitycausedbyseaotterscouldmakeeelgrassmoreadaptabletopresentandfuturethreats.（根據(jù)發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》上的一項(xiàng)新研究，事實(shí)證明，有水獺的草地更健康，有更多的鰻草。這是因?yàn)樗H通過輕輕攪動海床，使植物開花并產(chǎn)生種子。更重要的是，他們的挖掘?yàn)榉N子的定居和生長提供了更多的空間和陽光。海獺導(dǎo)致的遺傳多樣性增強(qiáng)可能使鰻草更適應(yīng)當(dāng)前和未來的威脅。）”可知，文章第二段先給出結(jié)論Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,后面再說明原因，所以第二段是通過給原因來論證的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段“Italsomeansseaotters,anendangeredspecies,arevitaltotheirenvironmentsandgiveeelgrass,whichisindangerworldwide,abetterchanceatstayinghealthyandsurviving.（這也意味著海獺，一種瀕危物種，對它們的環(huán)境至關(guān)重要，并給全世界處于危險中的鰻草提供了更好的保持健康和生存的機(jī)會可知，作者提到瀕危的鰻草是為了突出海獺對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的作用。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“"Geneticdiversitytypicallystrengthenstheadaptabilityofspecies,andconsideringthechallengeswe'refacing...thiswillbeimportantfbreelgrassmeadows,andfromthisaspect,theimpacttheottersarehavingdeservesourlastingconcern/*saysFoster.（Foster說：“基因多樣性通常會增強(qiáng)物種的適應(yīng)性，考慮到我們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)……這對鰻草草地非常重要，從這個角度來看，海獺的影響值得我們長期關(guān)注。。）”可知，F(xiàn)oster對海獺是水草的影響是值得我們長期關(guān)注的。A.Overestimated高估的；B.Noteworthy值得關(guān)注的； C.Temporary短暫的；D.Unpredictable不可預(yù)知的。故選B項(xiàng)。DWintermaybeseenasthetimetofillupwithcomfortfood,butinfact,thesunnysummermonthsarewhenmeneatmorecalories-unlikewomen.fctTheeffectmayoccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghormonecalledghrelin（tJL餓激素）JsaysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversity.Levyandherteamnoticedtheunexpectedeffectinexperimentsinmicethatinvestigatedmechanisms（機(jī)制）behindskincancer,inwhichmaleanimalsexposedtoUVlightatemorefood.Toseeifhumansdothesame,theresearchersusedexistingdataon3,000peoplewhohadfilledindietaryquestionnairesaspartofthegovernment\regularnationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.BetweenMarchandSeptember,menconsumedabout17percentmorecaloriesperdaythantheydidduringtherestoftheyearwhilewomen'sfoodintakestayedaboutthesame.Humanappetiteisinfluencedbymanysystems,butghrelinseemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectlystimulateseating.Itwasthoughttobemainlysecietedbythestomachwhenempty."IttellsthebraintoeatmoreJsaysCarolineGorvinattheUniversityofBirmingham.FurtherinvestigationrevealedthatexposingmalemicetoUVBradiationraisedlevelsofghrelinsecretionbyfatcellsintheirskin.BoostedlevelsofghrelinwerealsoseeninskinsamplesthatweretakenfrommenandexposedtoUVlightinthelab.Gorvinsaystheskinhadn'tpreviouslybeenthoughttoplayaroleinappetite.fciIfit'sreal,it'squiteexcitingandweshouldsparenoeffortstogettothebottom,"shesays.Itisunclearwhytheeffecthappens,butitmaybeanadaptiveresponsetofuelgreaterphysicalactivityinsummer,saysGorvin.t4Asthelargestorganofthebody,itmakessensethattheskincansensetheenvironment,sensingthatthereisUVnow,thatnowisthetimetogoout.”Whatcanwelearnabouttheeffectfromparagraph1?Humanstendtoeatmorefoodinwinter.Ourskincontainsahormonethatmakesusactive.Summersunlightseemstoboostmen'scalorieintake.Womensufferlossofappetitebecauseofsummerheat.Whathelpedtheteamlookintotheeffectonhumans?A.DoingexperimentsinUVlight. B.Analysingexistingdataoffered.C.Carryingoutdietaryquestionnaires. D.Surveyingnationalhealthcondition.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“secreted“meaninparagraph3?A.Balanced. B.Influenced. C.Raised. D.Produced.WhatcanwelearnfromGorvin'swords?Theskinisadecisivefactorinphysicalactivities.ExposuretoUVlightcontributestocalorieburnup.Theroleoftheskininappetiteneedsfurtherresearch.Higherfoodintakemakesmengainweightinsummer.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是陽光明媚的夏天是男人攝入更多卡路里的時候?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“infact,thesunnysummermonthsarewhenmeneatmorecalories-unlikewomen.“Theeffectmayoccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghormonecalledghrelinsaysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversity.（事實(shí)上，陽光明媚的夏天是男人攝入更多卡路里的時候 不像女人。特拉維夫大學(xué)的卡米特?列維說：”這種效果的產(chǎn)生可能是因?yàn)殛柟馐蛊つw釋放一種刺激食欲的激素一胃饑餓素?！埃?可知，夏日的陽光似乎能增加男性的卡路里攝入量。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的"Toseeifhumansdothesame,theresearchersusedexistingdataon3,000peoplewhohadfilledindietaryquestionnairesaspartofthegovernment,sregularnationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.（為了看看人類是否也會這樣做，研究人員使用了3000人的現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)，這些人填寫了飲食調(diào)查問卷，這是政府定期進(jìn)行的全國健康和營養(yǎng)調(diào)查的一部分。）”可知，幫助研究小組研究了它對人類的影響的是分析現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。【14題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的"ghrelinseemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectlystimulateseating（胃饑餓素似乎是唯一直接刺激進(jìn)食的激素）”和“bythestomachwhenempty（被空的胃）”可知，劃線詞所在句表示“它被認(rèn)為主要是胃空時分泌的”，劃線詞的意思是“產(chǎn)生”，和produced意思相近，故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的"Itisunclearwhytheeffecthappens,butitmaybeanadaptiveresponsetofuelgreaterphysicalactivityinsummer,saysGorvin.（高文說，目前還不清楚這種效應(yīng)發(fā)生的原因，但它可能是一種適應(yīng)反應(yīng)，為夏季更多的體育活動提供燃料。）”可知，皮膚對食欲的作用還需要進(jìn)一步研究。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Surpriseistheerrorsignalourbrainsproducewhensomethingunexpectedhappens.Itisadopamine（多巴胺）trigger,producingtheneurotransmitter（神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)）thatdrivesattentionandmotivation.16Itmakesusstop,notice,andlearn.InhisbookThePowerofSurprise,Rousellpresentshisfindingfromdecadesofhisresearch: 17Theyformourself-concept.18Samanthafelthershynesswasaweakness,untilherswimcoachsurprisedherbynaminghercaptain.Hesaid,“Shemaybequiet,butwhenthisgirlsayssomething,you'regoingtowanttolisten.''Thesurpriseleftherfeelingquietlypowerful.Thechangeinherbeliefsandbehaviorswasinstantandlasting.Notallsurprisingmomentsarecreatedequal.Rousellillustratessomeresearch-backedstepstousesurprisewell.Spotaself-criticismyou'dliketohelpsomeonerevise.Forexample,perhapsyourstudentseeshimselfasaslowlearner,oryouremployeebelieveshelackscreativity.19Maybethestudentwhothinkshelearnsslowlyisalsoverythorough.Theemployeewhothinkshelackscreativityishighlylogical.Makeyourmessagequickandtothepoint.Themoreyoudelayonthetopicordressitupasflowerypraise,thelesssurprisingitwillbe.20A.Pointouthisweakness.Itwasanessentialadaptationforhumans.Identifytheoppositesideofthesamecoin.Also,itwillmakelessdifferencetoone'smind.Hereisanexampletheauthorsharesinhisbook.Toputitsimply,surpriseisabigdealtoourbrains.Surprisebringstheexperiencesshapingwhowebelieveweare.【答案】16.F17.G18.E19.C20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是什么是驚訝和驚訝的力量。【16題詳解】空前說uSurpriseistheerrorsignalourbrainsproducewhensomethingunexpectedhappens.Itisadopamine（多巴胺）trigger,producingtheneurotransmitter（神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)）thatdrivesattentionandmotivation.（驚訝是當(dāng)意外發(fā)生時，我們的大腦產(chǎn)生的錯誤信號。它是多巴胺的觸發(fā)器，產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)驅(qū)動注意力和動機(jī)。）”,空后說“Itmakesusstop,notice,andlearn.（它讓我們停下來，注意并學(xué)習(xí)。）”，因此空格處應(yīng)接著上文，繼續(xù)介紹驚訝是什么，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Toputitsimply,surpriseisabigdealtoourbrains.（簡單地說，驚訝對我們的大腦來說很重要。）”是介紹驚訝的，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳解】空前說"InhisbookThePowerofSurprise,Rousellpresentshisfindingfromdecadesofhisresearch（在他的書《驚訝的力量》中，Rousell介紹了他幾十年來的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)）”,空格處應(yīng)說明研究發(fā)現(xiàn)具體是什么，G選項(xiàng)wSurprisebringstheexperiencesshapingwhowebelieveweare.（驚訝帶來的體驗(yàn)塑造了我們對自己的信念。）是一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳解】空后說uSamanthafelthershynesswasaweakness,untilherswimcoachsurprisedherbynaminghercaptain.Hesaid,"Shemaybequiet,butwhenthisgirlsayssomething,you'regoingtowanttolisten."Thesurpriseleftherfeelingquietlypowerful.Thechangeinherbeliefsandbehaviorswasinstantandlasting.（薩曼莎覺得害羞是她的弱點(diǎn)，直到她的游泳教練任命她為隊長，這讓她大吃一驚。他說：“她可能很安靜，但當(dāng)這個女孩說什么時，你會想要傾聽?！边@個驚訝讓她覺得自己很強(qiáng)大。她的信念和行為發(fā)生了瞬間而持久的變化。）”，這是舉的具體的一個例子,E選項(xiàng)“Hereisanexampletheauthorsharesinhisbook.（下面是作者在他的書中分享的一個例子。）”引起下文，符合語境，故選E?！?9題詳解】空前說“Forexample,perhapsyourstudentseeshimselfasaslowlearner,oryouremployeebelieveshelackscreativity」例如，也許你的學(xué)生認(rèn)為自己學(xué)習(xí)很慢，或者你的員工認(rèn)為他缺乏創(chuàng)造力。）”,空后說“Maybethestudentwhothinkshelearnsslowlyisalsoverythorough.Theemployeewhothinkshelackscreativityishighlylogical.（也許認(rèn)為自己學(xué)得慢的學(xué)生也是很透徹的。認(rèn)為自己缺乏創(chuàng)造力的員工是很有邏輯的。）”，說明要看到一個事情的另一方面，C選項(xiàng)MIdentifytheoppositesideofthesamecoin.（識別同一枚硬幣的反面。）”承上啟下，符合語境，故選C?！?0題詳解】空前說"Themoreyoudelayonthetopicordressitupasflowerypraise,thelesssurprisingitwillbe.（你在這個話題上越拖延，或者把它裝扮成華麗的贊美，它就越不令人驚訝。）”，D選項(xiàng)“Also,itwillmakelessdifferencetoone'smind.（而且,它對一個人的思想影響較小。）”中的句式和空前的“thelesssurprisingitwillbe”相一致，繼續(xù)講你在這個話題上越拖延，或者把它裝扮成華麗的贊美會有什么影響，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AmyJandrisevitsknowsthevalueofagooddoll（玩具娃娃）.“Dollshavea21wedon'tcompletelyunderstand/'shesaid.It'sa（n）22shegotwhileworkingasasocialworkerusingdollstohelpyoungkids23theirchangingmedicalsituations.Sevenyearsago,a24saidthatherchildwasinvolvedinacaraccident,leavingascar（傷疤）onhisface.Jandrisevitsknewwhatmighthelptheyouththroughthis25period. 26totellakid,'Youareperfectthewayyouare/andtobuild27thatway,“shesays.Jandrisevitswentabout28that.Shemadeadollbyhandthatlookedlikeherfriend'schildandsentitoff.Afterthefriend29aphotoonlineofthehappychildanddoll,anotherwomanaskedJandrisevitstomakeadollforherbaby,whowasmissingaleg.Word30andsoonJandrisevitswasmakingdollsfbrchildrenwithbirthmarksorfacialdeformities（畸形），fromphotossentbyparents.She31herpreviousjobandstartedanonprofit,ADollLikeMe.Shehasn't32fbradollsinceshebeganhernonprofit.Inall,she'smademorethan400dolls.ThewaitinglistislongbutJandrisevitsis33.Assheexplains,4tEverykid,34gender,age,medicalissueorbodytype,shouldlookintothe35faceofadollandseetheirown.”21.A.powerB.themeC.systemD.fashion22.A.lessonB.inspirationC.rewardD.experience23.A.turntoB.adapttoC.realizeD.ignore24.A.workerB.patientC.volunteerD.friend25.A.unforgettableB.challengingC.complexD.impressive26.A.naturalB.generousC.helpfulD.hard27.A.confidenceB.connectionC.trustD.communication28.A.followingB.blessingC.explainingD.changing29.A.tookB.sentC.sawD.posted30.A.cameB.failedC.spreadD.read31.A.lovedB.quitC.beganD.lost32.A.chargedB.goneC.askedD.paid33.A.tiredB.curiousC.determinedD.famous34.A.regardlessofB.insteadofC.apartfromD.accordingto35.A.restoredB.beautifiedC.sweetD.funny【答案】21.A 22.B23.B24.D25.B26.D27.A28.D29.D30.C31.B32.A33.C34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是AmyJandrisevits用洋娃娃來幫助年輕的孩子適應(yīng)他們不斷變化的醫(yī)療狀況，幫助孩子們建立自信的故事。[21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“娃娃有一種我們不完全理解的力量，”她說。A.power力量；B.theme主題：C.system系統(tǒng)；D.fashion時尚。由后文"usingdollstohelpyoungkids3theirchangingmedicalsituations可知，娃娃有一種我們不完全理解的力量，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是她在做社會工作者時得到的靈感，她用洋娃娃來幫助年輕的孩子適應(yīng)他們不斷變化的醫(yī)療狀況。A.lesson課；B.inspiration靈感；C.reward回報；D.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)。由后文ushegotwhileworkingasasocialworkerusingdollstohelpyoungkids3theirchangingmedicalsituationsM可知，這是她在做社會工作者時得到的靈感，故選B。[23題詳解】考查動詞短語和動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是她在做社會工作者時得到的靈感，她用洋娃娃來幫助年輕的孩子適應(yīng)他們不斷變化的醫(yī)療狀況。A.turnto求助于；B.adaptto適應(yīng)；C.realize實(shí)現(xiàn)；D.ignore忽視。由后文*,theirchangingmedicalsituations可知，此處表示“適應(yīng)不斷變化的醫(yī)療狀況”，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：七年前，一個朋友說她的孩子遭遇了一場車禍，在他臉上留下了傷疤。A.worker工人；B.patient病人；C.volunteer志愿者；D.friend朋友。由下一段的"lookedlikeherfriend'schild”可知,一個朋友說她的孩子遭遇了一場車禍，故選D。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：詹德里塞維斯知道怎樣才能幫助這個年輕人度過這個充滿挑戰(zhàn)的時期。A.unforgettable難忘的；B.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；C.complex復(fù)雜的；D.impressive令人印象深刻的。由上文“herchildwasinvolvedinacaraccident,leavingascar（傷疤）onhisface”可知，要幫助這個年輕人度過這個充滿挑戰(zhàn)的時期很有挑戰(zhàn)性，故選B。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“很難告訴一個孩子，'你這樣就很完美'，并通過這種方式建立自信。"A.natural自然的；B.generous慷慨的；C.helpful有幫助的：D.hard困難的。由后文“tellakid,，Youareperfectthewayyouare,”'可知，那個孩子臉上留疤了，所以要告訴一個孩子，'你這樣就很完美'，是很難的，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“很難告訴一個孩子，'你這樣就很完美'，并通過這種方式建立自信A.confidence自信；B.connection連接；C.trust信任；D.communication交流。由上文uYouareperfectthewayyouare"可知，告訴一個孩子他很完美是要給孩子建立自信，故選A。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：詹德里塞維斯著手改變這種狀況。A.following跟隨；B.blessing保佑；C.explaining解釋；D.changing改變。由后文**Shemadeadollbyhandthatlookedlikeherfriend'schildandsentitoff”可知，詹德里塞維斯著手改變這種狀況。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：詹德里塞維斯朋友在網(wǎng)上曬出了她快樂的孩子和洋娃娃的照片后，另一名婦女要求詹德里塞維斯為她失去了一條腿的孩子做一個洋娃娃。A.took拿走；B.sent發(fā)送；C.saw看見；D.posted（在因特網(wǎng)上）公布信息，發(fā)帖子。由后文uaphotoonlineofthehappychildanddolln可知，詹德里塞維斯的朋友在網(wǎng)上曬出了她快樂的孩子和洋娃娃的照片，空格處是“（在因特網(wǎng)上）公布信息”，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：消息傳開了，很快詹德里塞維斯開始根據(jù)父母發(fā)來的照片，為有胎記或面部畸形的孩子制作娃娃。A.came來；B.failed失??；C.spread傳播；D.read讀。由"soonJandrisevitswasmakingdollsforchildrenwithbirthmarksorfacialdeformities（畸形）,fromphotossentbyparents"可知，大家都知道了這個事情，因此是消息傳開了，空格處是“傳播”，故選C。[31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她辭掉了之前的工作，創(chuàng)辦了一家非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)，名為"aDollLikeMeM?A.loved愛；B.quit離開（工作崗位）：C.began開始：D.lost失去。由后文“startedanonprofit”可知，她辭掉了之前的工作，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自從她開始這個非營利組織以來，她還沒有對一個洋娃娃收費(fèi)。A.charged收費(fèi)；gone去：C.asked問：D.paid支付。由后文"sinceshebeganhernonprofit”可知，她沒有對一個洋娃娃收費(fèi)。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：等候名單很長，但詹德里塞維斯已經(jīng)決定了。A.tired累的：B.curious好奇的；determined決定的，有決心的；D.famous著名的。由上文“Thewaitinglistislongbut”可知，等候名單很長，但詹德里塞維斯已經(jīng)決定了。故選C。【34題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：正如她解釋的那樣，“每個孩子，無論性別、年齡、身體狀況或體型，都應(yīng)該看到娃娃甜美的臉，看到自己的臉。"A.regardlessof不管；B.insteadof取代;C.叩artfrom除了；D.accordingto根據(jù)。由上文“Everykid”和下文ugender,age,medicalissueorbodytypen可知,此處表示“每個孩子，無論性別、年齡、身體狀況或體”，空格處是“不管”，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：正如她解釋的那樣，“每個孩子，無論性別、年齡、身體狀況或體型，都應(yīng)該看到娃娃甜美的臉，看到自己的臉。"A.restored精力恢復(fù)的；B.beautified被美化的；C.sweet甜的;D.funny有趣的。由后文“faceofadoll”及常識可知，洋娃娃的臉是甜美的，故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題L5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ForthoseconsumingAsianfood,usingchopsticks36(be)almostsecondnature.About20to33percentofpeopleintheworldusechopsticks37adailybasis.Notallofthosearedisposable(一次性的),nodoubtmanyare.FelixBock,astudentattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,waseagertofindawaytorecyclewoodfromconstructionprojects,andhehadaparticularinterestinbamboo.Onedayhefoundadrawerinhisfriend'shouse(fill)withdisposablebamboochopsticks,andanideahithim.Hedecidedtogive40secondlifetodisposablechopsticksbymakingthemintohome(decoration)orotheraccessories(酉己件).Hetoldthei