考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東北石油大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東北石油大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledtheSecondIndustrialRevolution.

Labor’sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyaboutitseffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Unquestionably,however,therewillbemajorshiftsinjobswithinplantsanddisplacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthistransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitsplans.ItisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinSUBplanhasadirectfinancialstakeinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongincentiveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibledisruptioninjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlylaidoffworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaoftheimprovementfactor,whichcallsforwageincreasebasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itisprobable,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Welearnfromparagraph1thatautomationwillprobablyleadto（

）.

2.Laborhastheopinionthat（

）.

3.Whatistherelationbetweenautomationandemploymentintheopinionoflabor?

4.Theunionstressesthat（

）.

5.Howmanynewpoliciesoftheunionshavebeenlistedinthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.industrialexpansion

B.anincreaseinemployment

C.displacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother

D.anincreaseinunemployment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alleffortsmustbemadetopreventautomation

B.automationwillcauseariseinconsumercosts

C.itsmaininterestliesinincreasingallwages

D.technologicalchangecannotbestopped

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Automationwilldefinitelyleadstomoreunemployment.

B.Fromalong-termpointofviewautomationwillbringaboutmorejobs.

C.Automationwillnotcausemuchchangeinemployment.

D.Sooneroflaterautomationwilldoalltheworkinsteadofman.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.workersshouldalsoenjoythefruitsbroughtaboutbyautomation

B.noworkersshouldbefiredinthedevelopmentofautomation

C.itisnecessarytoslowdownthedevelopmentofautomation

D.workersshouldbepaidaccordingtotheirlengthofservice

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“自動(dòng)化減少了生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的人為因素，包括精神和身體上的因素，旨在使這樣一種情況成為可能——用更少的工人生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品。”由此可推斷，工人減少會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率上升，所以這就是自動(dòng)化所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.”總的來(lái)說(shuō)，勞動(dòng)者們認(rèn)為抵制技術(shù)變革是徒勞的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.”從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，自動(dòng)化的結(jié)果很可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致就業(yè)的增加，因?yàn)樵谥圃?、維護(hù)和維修自動(dòng)化設(shè)備領(lǐng)域?qū)?huì)出現(xiàn)大量的行業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.”工會(huì)發(fā)言人強(qiáng)調(diào)，自動(dòng)化帶來(lái)產(chǎn)量增加和成本降低的好處，應(yīng)該通過(guò)提高工資、增加休閑時(shí)間和提高生活水平的形式，讓工人們共享。也就是說(shuō)，工人也應(yīng)該享受自動(dòng)化帶來(lái)的好處。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“newpolicies”定位到最后一段“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseis...Anotherapproachis...”為了在自動(dòng)化時(shí)代保護(hù)工會(huì)成員的利益，工會(huì)采取了一系列新政策。其中之一是……另一種方法是……。由此可知是個(gè)政策，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.單選題

Wehaveto________theroutineexpenditure，otherwiseitwillbeimpossibleforustoaffordacar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.condense

C.curtail

D.dwindle

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。decline“下降，衰落”；condense“使?jié)饪s”；curtail“縮減，剪短”；dwindle“使縮小，減小”。句意：我們必須縮減日常開支，否則我們不可能買得起一輛車。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Itisalsobelievedthatthesesteroidscouldbeusedtotreatdisorderssuchasacuteanxietyandpremenstrualsyndrome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enmity

B.symptom

C.adversity

D.plaintiff

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enmity敵意B.symptom癥狀

C.adversity逆境D.plaintiff原告

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句中劃線詞受premenstrual“經(jīng)期前的”修飾，并且與acuteanxiety“急性焦慮”并列；原詞syndrome“綜合癥狀”。因此，B選項(xiàng)symptom“癥狀”與原詞最接近，最符合原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句句意。

【句意】人們也認(rèn)為，這些類固醇可以用于治療急性焦慮和經(jīng)前綜合癥等疾病。

4.單選題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7to8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16to17hour’swakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-liourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleeping.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequent

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershift

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkersprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines(這已經(jīng)不是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)的問(wèn)題。例如，在需要機(jī)器24小時(shí)連續(xù)工作的自動(dòng)化操作的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，需要人們從白天工作變?yōu)橥砩瞎ぷ鞯膯?wèn)題變得越來(lái)越重要了)。故選C“因?yàn)橐恍┕I(yè)領(lǐng)域要求上夜班”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight(通常一個(gè)人需要五天至一周的時(shí)間來(lái)適應(yīng)與常規(guī)生活顛倒的睡眠吋間和猜醒時(shí)間，即白天睡覺(jué)，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek(不幸的是，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，工作班次每星期都變換的事經(jīng)常發(fā)生)。故選B“頻繁更換工作吋間的工人的日常生活周期被打亂”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段第一句指出:Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers(看來(lái)，唯一真正可以解決問(wèn)題的方法就是將晚班交給一些長(zhǎng)期上夜班的工人)。故選C“安排一些人只上夜班”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(白天正常工作的人，在其清醒的時(shí)間內(nèi)，體溫通常都比較高，但是在夜晚則比較低)。因此選D“人在工作效率高吋，休溫都比較高”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段...itcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection(可以了解到個(gè)人是如何快速適應(yīng)正常時(shí)間的顛倒，同時(shí)也可成為篩選的基礎(chǔ))以及Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice(然而，到目前為止，這種形式的篩選似乎并沒(méi)有在實(shí)踐中得到應(yīng)用)可知選擇永久的夜間值班者僅僅是一種基礎(chǔ)的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)最后一段Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(了解一個(gè)人何時(shí)適應(yīng)的一種方法是測(cè)量他的體溫。白天正常工作的人在清醒的時(shí)候會(huì)有高溫，晚上會(huì)有低溫)可知選項(xiàng)A“體溫可以作為衡量工人工作的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”正確。根據(jù)最后一段Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine(因此，在清醒期間每隔兩小時(shí)測(cè)量一次體溫，可以看出一個(gè)人能多快地適應(yīng)一個(gè)顛倒的習(xí)慣)可知選項(xiàng)C“每隔一段吋間測(cè)量體溫，可以顯示個(gè)人是如何適應(yīng)常規(guī)變化”正確。根據(jù)第三段Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork(她發(fā)現(xiàn)在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障礙和其他障礙的發(fā)生率很高，但在長(zhǎng)期夜班的人中，這些現(xiàn)象沒(méi)有異常發(fā)生)可知選項(xiàng)D“長(zhǎng)期上夜班的或上長(zhǎng)白班的人很少出現(xiàn)睡眠被打亂的現(xiàn)象”正確。

5.單選題

“Thereisaweirdpowerinaspokenword,”JosephConradoncesaid.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mighty

B.prospective

C.odd

D.formidable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。weird表示“奇怪的，不可思議的”；A項(xiàng)mighty“強(qiáng)有力的”，B項(xiàng)prospective“未來(lái)的”，C項(xiàng)odd“古怪的”，D項(xiàng)formidable“令人敬畏的”。句意：約瑟夫?康納德（JosephConrad）曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“口頭語(yǔ)言擁有神奇的力量。”根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem;fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanuallydrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespectedbecausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.

Eitherapproachtojoining,alaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging,withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecial-purposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane,thedriver（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard兩種不同的類型正處于設(shè)計(jì)階段?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“正在被計(jì)劃中”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.一個(gè)特殊用途的車道系統(tǒng)需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有的高速公路進(jìn)行更廣泛的物理改造，但它有望最大限度地提高高速公路的通行能力?！笨芍厥庥猛镜能嚨老到y(tǒng)能給高速公路系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)便利。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.在這兩種方案中，司機(jī)將指定想要到達(dá)的目的地，并在旅程開始時(shí)或在到達(dá)自動(dòng)高速公路之前將這些信息提供給車內(nèi)的計(jì)算機(jī)?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“司機(jī)開車前應(yīng)將目的地告知汽車電腦”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.如果有專用車道，汽車可以通過(guò)兩種不同的方式進(jìn)入這些車道并加入現(xiàn)有的車流。一種方法使用一個(gè)特殊的斜坡彎道(入口引道)。當(dāng)司機(jī)接近高速公路的入口點(diǎn)時(shí)，安裝在路邊的電子設(shè)備將檢查車輛，以確定其目的地，并確定其適當(dāng)?shù)淖詣?dòng)化設(shè)備處于良好的工作狀態(tài)?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“通過(guò)帶有電子控制裝置的斜坡”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.一旦車輛進(jìn)入自動(dòng)駕駛狀態(tài)，駕駛員就可以自由地松開方向盤，打開晨報(bào)或者只是放松一下?！惫蔇項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ifwouldbedifficultforoneso（）tobeledtobelievethatallmenareequalandthatwemustdisregardrace,color,andcreed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotional

B.broadminded

C.tolerant

D.intolerant

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。emotional“感情的”；broadminded“愿意聽(tīng)取不同意見(jiàn)的”；tolerant“忍耐的”；intolerant“不能容忍的，偏狹的”。句意：很難讓偏狹的人相信眾人是平等的，我們拒絕種族、膚色、宗教。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Idon’tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（

）todothattypeof

work.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。compatible“兼容的，能共處的”；convenient“方便的”；consistent“始終如一的，一致的”；competent“能勝任的，有能力的”。句意：我認(rèn)為約翰遜的新工作不會(huì)成功，因?yàn)樗荒軇偃芜@份工作。becompetentto“勝任······”，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.案例題

Everybodywastestime.Insteadofdoinghishomework,theschoolboywatchestelevision.Insteadofwritingheressaythestudentgoesoutwithherfriends.Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork.Asaconsequence,theybegintofeelguilty,andthenwasteevenmoretimewishingtheyhadnotallowedthemselvestobedistracted.

Whensomeoneelseisorganizingourtimeforus,asforinstanceduringlessonsorworkinghours,wedonotnecessarilyworkmoreefficiently,butatleastwearesubjecttothedisciplineofaroutine.Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises.

Iknowtwowriterswhoseemtoworkinquitedifferentways.Bobisextremelymethodical.Hearrivesathisofficeat9a.m.andiscreativeuntil12:30.At2p.m.hereturnstohisdeskandiscreativeuntil5p.m.,whenhegoeshomeandswitchesoffuntilthefollowingmorning.Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts,oftenmissingmealsandsleepinordertogethisideasdownonpaper.Suchperiodsofintenseactivityareusuallyfollowedbydayswhenhepottersaroundhisflat,listeningtoMozartandflickingthroughmagazines.

Theirplacesofworkreflecttheirstyles.Bob'sbooksareneatlyarrangedontheshelves;hecanalwaysfindthebookshewants.Alan,ontheotherhand,hasbooksandmagazinesallovertheplace.Theyareabouteverysubjectunderthesun,mostlyunconnectedwithhiswork.Allthesamehehasaknackofmakinguseoftheunlikelyinformationtoilluminatehisbooks.

1.Peopleoftenwastetheirtimeby（）.

2.Self-disciplineisneededwhenone（）.

3.WhydoestheauthorsayBobisextremelymethodical?

4.Alanoftengoeswithoutmealsandsleepwhen（）.

5.Alanreadsagreatvarietyofbooksandmagazines,sothat（）.

【答案】1.sparfortime.

2.arrangetimeforhimself.

3.BecauseBobalwaysarrangeswellwithhisdailyscheduleandworkingtools.

4.Allenneedstoburstintothoughtsandrecorditdown,hedoesn'teatnorsleep.

5.sparkinspiration.

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第四句"Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork."人們通過(guò)拖延時(shí)間而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句"Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises."當(dāng)我們組織自己的時(shí)間時(shí),自律的產(chǎn)生就很有必要了。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知：Bob的生活特別規(guī)律,他把自己的作息時(shí)間和工作安排的井并有條,所以作者說(shuō)鮑勃是一個(gè)非常有條理的人。

4.根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句"Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts,oftenmissingmealsandsleepinordertogethisideasdownonpaper."艾倫的作品靈感迸發(fā),經(jīng)常為了把自己的想法寫在紙上而錯(cuò)過(guò)吃飯和睡覺(jué)。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句"Allthesamehehasaknackofmakinguseoftheunlikelyinformationtoilluminatehisbooks."盡管如此,他還是有辦法利用這些不太可能的信息來(lái)照亮他的書。也就是說(shuō)以便激發(fā)靈感。

10.單選題

Peoplearecriticizingtheeconomicpoliciesthathave____thedeclineofmanufacturingindustry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assessed

B.accepted

C.accessed

D.accelerated

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.assessed對(duì)……進(jìn)行評(píng)估B.accepted接受；相信

C.accessed接近；進(jìn)入D.accelerated加速；促進(jìn)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：人們對(duì)……制造業(yè)衰退的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策提出了批評(píng)。根據(jù)邏輯，因?yàn)槭侨藗兣u(píng)的，所以應(yīng)該是人們認(rèn)為有些經(jīng)濟(jì)政策會(huì)不利于制造業(yè)的發(fā)展，可能會(huì)加速制造業(yè)的衰退，對(duì)于這些經(jīng)濟(jì)政策人們提出批評(píng)。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】人們對(duì)加速制造業(yè)衰退的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策提出了批評(píng)。

11.單選題

Healwayshasalotof（）ideasinhismind,andsometimeswedonotevenknowwhatheisthinkingabout.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.novel

B.spoil

C.acceptable

D.additional

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。novel“新奇的，異常的”；spoil“掠奪”；acceptable“可接受的”；additional“另外的”。句意：他經(jīng)常有許多新奇的想法，有時(shí)候我們甚至不知道他在想什么。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Passage1

對(duì)于阿爾茨海默(Alzheimer’s)病來(lái)說(shuō),那是個(gè)重要的星期。美國(guó)公共廣播公司(PBS)播出了一部有關(guān)阿爾茨海默病的優(yōu)秀紀(jì)錄片《遺忘》。此外,科學(xué)界喜訊頻傳,給眾多與病魔做斗爭(zhēng)的家庭以及即可能患病的生育高峰出生的一代帶來(lái)了希望。雖然目前還沒(méi)有治愈的辦法,但科學(xué)家們?cè)谌舾汕把仡I(lǐng)域的研宄取得了新的成果。包括大劑量服用維生素；聯(lián)合治療和大腦成像技術(shù)等。

Passage2

渴望提高效率的人們總是以克服浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的習(xí)慣作為起點(diǎn),但我卻認(rèn)為那是錯(cuò)誤的。培養(yǎng)個(gè)人習(xí)慣來(lái)的要慢一些,首先要明確目的。如果你沒(méi)有明確目的,只是嘗試用高效的習(xí)慣去排擠無(wú)效的習(xí)慣,那結(jié)果只有失敗。你需要一個(gè)宏大的,有吸引力的目標(biāo)來(lái)激發(fā)自己。能從工作時(shí)間時(shí)擠出15分鐘的原因,就是因?yàn)槟阌捎诟玫睦眠@15分鐘產(chǎn)生的激情。

Passage3

1957年發(fā)射的第一顆人造衛(wèi)星使美國(guó)大為震驚,并促使他們釆取行動(dòng)。在這一過(guò)程中,美國(guó)人提出了衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)想,并稱其為GPS。它徹底地解決了在地球這個(gè)三維空間中如何確定位置的問(wèn)題。GPS技術(shù)己被用于各種活動(dòng),但其最高機(jī)密是其作為鐘表的價(jià)值。和銀行、電訊、甚至電力網(wǎng)等相關(guān)的對(duì)時(shí)間要求較高的一些作業(yè)己越來(lái)越依賴GPS。

ChooseONLYONEpassagefromthefollowingpassageandtranslateitaswellasyoucan.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Ifmorethanonetranslationappearsonyouranswersheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored.

【答案】13.單選題

Onemoretry,（

）youwillsucceed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.but

C.so

D.and

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯連詞。or表示選擇關(guān)系，but表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，so常用來(lái)連接表示因果關(guān)系的句子，and表示并列關(guān)系。此句中前后句為并列順延的關(guān)系。句意：再試一次，你就會(huì)成功。故D項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish

電子郵件對(duì)我們職業(yè)生涯和個(gè)人生活的影響非同一般。相隔千里的人們可以在短短的幾秒鐘之內(nèi)發(fā)送并接受詳盡的文件資料。這就使得人們能夠以一種前所未有的方式齊心協(xié)力，共同承擔(dān)大量的工程項(xiàng)目。通過(guò)電子郵件與國(guó)外的人通信、交換文件已成為司空見(jiàn)慣的事情。唯一的障礙是時(shí)區(qū)的不同。

【答案】Theeffectofe-mailonourcareerandpersonallifeisextraordinary.Peoplethousandsofmileswayawayfromeachcansendandreceivedetaileddocumentswithinjustafewseconds.Thisallowpeopletoworktogetherandjointlyundertakeagreatdealofprojectsinanunprecedentedway.Ithasbecomeacommonpracticetocommunicateandexchangefileswithpeopleoverseasbye-mail.Theonlyobstacleisthedifferenceintimezones.

15.翻譯題

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultowoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.

【答案】雖然魅力對(duì)于男性晉升是一個(gè)積極因素，但對(duì)女性卻是不利因素。人們認(rèn)為英俊的男性高管要比相貌平平的男性更正直;而且認(rèn)為他們付出的努力和自身的能力使得他們成功。有魅力的女性高管卻被認(rèn)為沒(méi)有無(wú)吸引力的高管正直，她們?nèi)〉贸晒Σ皇菤w因于能力，而是運(yùn)氣等因素。

所有無(wú)魅力的女高管要比有魅力的要正直，也更有能力。有趣的是，盡管如此，與有吸引力的女高管一夜取得成功相比，越來(lái)越多的無(wú)吸引力的女高管更多地因人際關(guān)系，較少因能力而獲得成功。

16.單選題

Topicsofconversationshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigid

B.rigorous

C.relevant

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。rigid嚴(yán)格的，死板的；rigorous嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)酷的；relevant相關(guān)的，常與介詞to搭配，意為與……相關(guān)；remarkable卓越的，非凡的。只有relevant能與句中的to搭配。句意：對(duì)話的主題應(yīng)該與學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷和興趣相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

17.單選題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural（祌經(jīng)的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”，heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatth