考研考博-英語-上海戲劇學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海戲劇學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whilebeingquestionedonthecourt,themandenied（

）theoldlady’snecklace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havingtaken

B.taking

C.tohavetaken

D.totake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:法庭傳訓(xùn)他的吋候，他拒不承認(rèn)拿了老太太的項(xiàng)鏈。

考查固定搭配。denydoingsth.否認(rèn)做了某事。另外由于動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過去，因此需要用完成時(shí)態(tài)，故答案選A。

2.翻譯題

中國(guó)奉行防御性的國(guó)防政策，加強(qiáng)國(guó)防建設(shè)的目的是維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、領(lǐng)土完整，保障國(guó)家和平發(fā)展。中國(guó)軍隊(duì)始終是維護(hù)世界和平的堅(jiān)定力量，將一如既往的同各國(guó)加強(qiáng)軍事合作、增進(jìn)軍事互信，參與地區(qū)和國(guó)際安全事務(wù)，在國(guó)際政治和安全領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮積極作用。

加強(qiáng)高新技術(shù)武器裝備建設(shè)，加快全面建設(shè)現(xiàn)代后勤，培養(yǎng)大批高素質(zhì)新型軍事人才，深入開展信息化條件下軍事訓(xùn)練，增強(qiáng)基于信息系統(tǒng)的體系作戰(zhàn)能力。

【答案】答：

Chinapursuesanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature.OurendeavorstostrengthennationaldefenseaimtosafeguardChina’ssovereignty,securityandterritorialintegrityandensureitspeacefuldevelopment.China’sarmedforceshavealwaysbeenastaunchforceupholdingworldpeaceandwillcontinuetoincreasecooperationandmutualtrustwiththearmedforcesofothercountries,participateinregionalandinternationalsecurityaffairs,andthusplayanactiveroleininternationalpoliticalandsecurityfields.

Weshouldstrengthenthedevelopmentofnew-andhigh-technologyweaponsandequipment,speedupthecompletedevelopmentofmodernlogistics,trainanewtypeofhigh-calibermilitarypersonnelinlargenumbers,intensivelycarryoutmilitarytrainingundercomputerizedconditions,andenhanceintegratedcombatcapabilitybasedonextensiveITapplication.

3.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen's.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis"What?'*,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetter

connections.

Butitisn'tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat"languagesubjects"andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedbyfactors（

）.

3."Thesedifferences"inparagraph5refertothosein（

）.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects□

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。A:心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)放棄，而生物學(xué)家正在展開研究工作。第一段指出:Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke(心理學(xué)家把這個(gè)問題看成是挫折或笑話),原文表達(dá)的意思跟A項(xiàng)不一樣。B:大腦區(qū)別顯示出一個(gè)性別優(yōu)于另外一個(gè)性別。第一段說:'Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse(他們指出盡管有區(qū)別，但并不能說明誰優(yōu)誰劣),與B項(xiàng)不一致。D:兩性大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別早已為人所知。第三段:Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen...(這是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)男性和女性大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)差異…),因此D項(xiàng)排除。所以本題選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences(我們傾向于認(rèn)為正是社會(huì)的影響造成了這些差異),故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段說:Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis(但在此基礎(chǔ)上，要解釋男女技能的實(shí)際差異并不是那么容易)。由此可見,“這些區(qū)別”指的是兩性技能。

4.推斷題。最后一段：Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon'tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum(我們暫時(shí)還不知道，部分原因是我們不知道學(xué)校受試者的能力和大腦兩半的功能之間有什么精確的關(guān)系，我們也不知道兩半是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。)。后面:weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.間接地提出對(duì)于corpuscallos的影響應(yīng)多作研究工作。

5.主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)(概述關(guān)于大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究結(jié)果)比較能概括文章目的。

4.單選題

Dirtybuses,theirpassengerspaleandtired,jamthecrowdedstreets.Driversshoutatoneanother,hornsmakinggreatnoisealloverthestreets.ThesceneisAthensatrushhours.TheancientGreekcityisinasorrystateofaffairs.EvenAthens’ruinsareinruin:sulfurdioxide(二氧化硫)iseatingawaytreasuresontheAcropolis.

Sogreathasbeenthepollutionflowtowardthecitythatentirevillagesstandvacantornearlyso.Themigrant(移居者)comeforthefew,availablejobs,whichareusuallynobetterthantheonestheyfled.Atthecurrentrateofmigration,Athensbytheyear2000willhaveapopulationof6.5million,morethanhalfthenation.

Asidefromovercrowdingandpoorpublictransport,thebiggestproblemsarenoiseandpollution.AgovernmentstudyconcludethatAthensisthenoisiestcityintheworld.Smogisatkillinglevels:uptofourtimestheWorldHealthOrganizationconsiderssafe.Nearlyhalfthepollutioncomesfromcars.Despitehighpricesforvehiclesandfuel,nearly100,000automobilessoldinGreeceeachyear.

Afterdecadesofneglect,Athensisatlastgettingsomeattention.InMarchacommitteeofrepresentativesmettodiscussaplantounclogthecityandcleanuptheenvironment.Asave-Athensorganization,whichwillsoonbeginfunctioning,willproposeheavytaxestodiscouragemigration.Amasterplanthatwillmovemanygovernmentofficestothesuburbsisalreadyintheworks.Meanwhile,moreGreekskeepmovingintoAthens.Withfewparksandpreciousfewoxygen-producingplants,thecitizensarefindingitmoredifficulttobreathe.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordescribesasceneofAthensatrushhoursto____.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theincreasedpopulationofAthensismainlydueto____.

3.Thephrase“unclogthecity”(Para4)mostprobablymeans____.

4.ThemajormeasuresuggestedbytheSave-Athensorganizationisto____.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.showtheterriblestateofaffairsinthecity

B.giveanexampleofthepoorpublictransportinAthens

C.showvividlythebusylifeofpeopleinAthens

D.expresshissorrowovertheruinoftheancientcity

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thelargenumberofjobseekersfromothercities

B.thetouristsvisitingthefamousancientcity

C.themigrationofpeoplefromthecountryside

D.thelackofbirthcontrolfromthegovernment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.reducethecitynoise

B.makethecitylesspolluted

C.rebuildtheoldcity

D.makethecitylesscrowded

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.buildmoreparkstoleavemoreroomforthemigrants

B.makeitmoredifficultforpeopletomoveintothecity

C.encouragepeopletofindtheirjobsinthesuburbs

D.cleanupthecitybyplantingmoretreesalongthestreets

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Athens:aDyingCity

B.Athens:Past,PresentandFuture

C.SaveAthens’Treasures

D.StoppollutingAthens

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordescribesasceneofAthensatrushhoursto____.在第一段中，作者描述了雅典在交通高峰期的場(chǎng)景，以此來____。

A.showtheterriblestateofaffairsinthecityA.展示城市的可怕狀況

B.giveanexampleofthepoorpublictransportinAthensB.舉例說明雅典糟糕的公共交通

C.showvividlythebusylifeofpeopleinAthensC.展示雅典人忙碌的生活

D.expresshissorrowovertheruinoftheancientcityD.表達(dá)他對(duì)這座古城的毀滅的悲痛

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph1與題干信息可定位到第一段“這座古希臘城市正處于糟糕的狀態(tài)。（TheancientGreekcityisinasorrystateofaffairs.）”通過第一段雅典糟糕的交通狀況和污染可推斷作者描述雅典在交通高峰期的場(chǎng)景是為了說明這座城市處于糟糕的狀況。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“舉例說明雅典糟糕的公共交通”，作者并不只是描述公共交通，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“展示雅典人忙碌的生活”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)雅典人忙碌的生活，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)他對(duì)這座古城的毀滅的悲痛”，文中只是提到“即使希臘廢墟在毀滅”但是并未說這座古城已經(jīng)毀滅，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theincreasedpopulationofAthensismainlydueto____.根據(jù)第二段，雅典人口增長(zhǎng)的主要原因是____。

A.thelargenumberofjobseekersfromothercitiesA.來自其他城市的大量的求職者

B.thetouristsvisitingthefamousancientcityB.參觀這座著名古城的游客

C.themigrationofpeoplefromthecountrysideC.農(nóng)村人口的遷移

D.thelackofbirthcontrolfromthegovernmentD.政府缺乏生育控制

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph2與題干信息可定位到第二段第二句“移民者來這里是為了獲得為數(shù)不多的、可獲得的工作（Themigrantcomeforthefew,availablejobs），這些工作通常比他們逃離的工作好不了多少?！币约白詈笠痪洹鞍凑漳壳暗囊泼袼俣龋?000年，雅典的人口將達(dá)到650萬，超過全國(guó)人口的一半?！庇纱丝赏茢?，這些移民者是來自其他城市，由于有大量的移民者導(dǎo)致雅典人口增多，甚至超過全國(guó)人口的一半。所以雅典人口增多的主要原因是來自其他城市的移民者。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“參觀這座著名古城的游客”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)村人口的遷移”，文中提到“大量的污染流向城市，整個(gè)村莊都空無一人，或者幾乎是這樣。”但是農(nóng)村人口的遷移并不會(huì)導(dǎo)致雅典人口多到超過全國(guó)人口的一半，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

D選項(xiàng)“政府缺乏生育控制”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thephrase“unclogthecity”(Para4)mostprobablymeans____.短語“unclogthecity”（第4段）的意思最可能是____。

A.reducethecitynoiseA.減少城市噪音

B.makethecitylesspollutedB.減少城市污染

C.rebuildtheoldcityC.重建舊城

D.makethecitylesscrowdedD.讓城市不那么擁擠

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph4與題干信息可定位到第四段第三句“一個(gè)即將開始運(yùn)作的拯救雅典組織將提議征收重稅，以阻止移民。（Asave-Athensorganization,whichwillsoonbeginfunctioning,willproposeheavytaxestodiscouragemigration.）”由此可推斷，阻止移民會(huì)使城市移民人口減少，城市不會(huì)那么擁擠。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“減少城市噪音”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“減少城市污染”，文中第四段第二句提到“3月，一個(gè)代表委員會(huì)開會(huì)討論一項(xiàng)疏通城市和清理環(huán)境的計(jì)劃?！睖p少城市污染屬于清理環(huán)境，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“重建舊城”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThemajormeasuresuggestedbytheSave-Athensorganizationisto____.拯救雅典組織提出的主要方案是____。

A.buildmoreparkstoleavemoreroomforthemigrantsA.建造更多的公園，為移民者留出更多的空間

B.makeitmoredifficultforpeopletomoveintothecityB.使人們進(jìn)入城市變得更加困難

C.encouragepeopletofindtheirjobsinthesuburbsC.鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)诮紖^(qū)找工作

D.cleanupthecitybyplantingmoretreesalongthestreetsD.沿著街道種更多的樹，把城市打掃干凈

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段第三句“一個(gè)即將開始運(yùn)作的拯救雅典組織將提議征收重稅，以阻止移民。（Asave-Athensorganization,whichwillsoonbeginfunctioning,willproposeheavytaxestodiscouragemigration.）”由此可推斷，征收重稅，人們進(jìn)入城市更困難，會(huì)減少移民。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“建造更多的公園，為移民者留下更多的空間”，由文章最后一段可知“與此同時(shí)，越來越多的希臘人涌入雅典。由于公園少，生產(chǎn)氧氣的植物也少，市民們發(fā)現(xiàn)呼吸越來越困難?！币虼耸且獪p少移民，建造公園是為了環(huán)境而不是為移民者留空間，該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)诮紖^(qū)找工作”，文中最后一段提到“一項(xiàng)將許多政府機(jī)構(gòu)遷往郊區(qū)的總體計(jì)劃已經(jīng)在籌劃中?！敝傅氖钦畽C(jī)構(gòu)遷往郊區(qū)，而不是鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)诮紖^(qū)找工作，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“沿著街道種更多的樹，把城市打掃干凈”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe____.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是____。

A.Athens:aDyingCityA.雅典：垂死的城市

B.Athens:Past,PresentandFutureB.雅典：過去、現(xiàn)在和未來

C.SaveAthens’TreasuresC.拯救雅典的珍寶

D.StoppollutingAthensD.停止污染雅典

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文中第一段講到：這座古希臘城市正處于糟糕的狀態(tài)；文中第二段講：雅典的人口將達(dá)到650萬，超過全國(guó)人口的一半；文中第三段講：除了過度擁擠和糟糕的公共交通，最大的問題是噪音和污染；文中最后一段講：越來越多的希臘人涌入雅典，以及委員會(huì)準(zhǔn)備采取的措施。綜合全文，文章主要講了雅典目前糟糕的城市情況。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“雅典：過去、現(xiàn)在和未來”，文中沒有講雅典的過去和未來，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“拯救雅典的珍寶”，文中沒有提及拯救雅典的珍寶，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“停止污染雅典”，污染只是雅典目前糟糕的城市狀況之一，該選項(xiàng)是對(duì)文章的片面概括，屬于以偏概全。

5.單選題

Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theoverdevelopmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtotheneardestructionofourcities.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.

Ourpresentsituationisunlikewar,revolutionordepression.Worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyusehavebroughtustoastatewherelongrangeplanningisessential.Whatweneedisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstate,whichendangersthefutureofourcountry,ourchildren,andourearth,butamovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.

Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossofmoralityandtherevelationthatlawbreakinghasreachedintothehighestplacesintheland.Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayofdefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly.

Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefendourselvesandwhatweholddearincooperationwithalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanet,whosharewithusthesameendangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisacommonneedtoreassessourpresentcourse,tochangethatcourseandtodevisenewmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.Thisisapricelessopportunity.

Tograspitweneedawidespreadunderstandingofnatureifthecrisisconfrontingus—andtheworld—isacrisisthatisnopassinginconvenience,nobyproductoftheambitionsoftheoilproducingcountries,noenvironmentalists’merefears,nobyproductofanypresentsystemofgovernment.Whatwefaceistheoutcomeoftheinventionofthelastfourhundredyears.Whatweneedisatransformedlifestyle.Thisnewlifestylecanflowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnology,butitsacceptancedependsonasinceredevotiontofindingahigherqualityoflifefortheworld’schildrenandfuturegeneration.

1.Whichconditiondoestheauthorfeelhasnearlydestroyedourcities?

2.Theauthorinthesecondparagraphstateswhatweneedinourpresentsituationis（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneexampleofourlossofmorality?

4.Bycomparingpastproblemswithpresentones,theauthordrawsattentiontothe（

）

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Lackoffinancialplanning.

B.Thebreakupofthefamily.

C.Naturaldisastersinmanyregions.

D.Theexcessivegrowthofmotors.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.acontinuationofourpresentseriousstate

B.worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyuse

C.amovementforwardtoanewnormtoplanetresearchwork

D.astatewherelong-rangeplanningisessentialtous

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Disregardforlaw.

B.Lackofdevotion.

C.Lackofcooperation.

D.Exploitationofresources.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.significanceofthiscrisis

B.inadequacyofgovernments

C.similarityofthepasttothepresent

D.hopelessnessofthesituation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Theoverdevelopmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtotheneardestructionofourcities.汽車運(yùn)輸?shù)倪^度發(fā)展，伴隨著更多的汽車，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊區(qū)，更多的通勤，已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了我們城市的幾乎毀滅?！庇纱丝芍?，導(dǎo)致城市幾乎毀滅的是汽車運(yùn)輸?shù)倪^度發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)D選項(xiàng)‘汽車的過度增長(zhǎng)’為正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。從文中第二段的內(nèi)容和第二句結(jié)尾“l(fā)ongrangeplanningisessential長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃是必不可少的”，推知D項(xiàng)‘一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃對(duì)我們至關(guān)重要的狀態(tài)’為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。從文中第三段第二句“Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall．Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayindefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly．有一種強(qiáng)烈的要求，要求道德復(fù)興和一些足夠廣泛但又足夠個(gè)人的奉獻(xiàn)，以爭(zhēng)取所有人的奉獻(xiàn)。在過去，只有在某種程度上，為了保衛(wèi)自己的國(guó)家和自己的理想，人們才能夠全心全意地奉獻(xiàn)自己?！庇纱丝芍癓ackofdevotion”正確，即B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.判斷推理題。從文中的內(nèi)容推知，作者通過對(duì)過去和現(xiàn)在的問題的比較，是想使人們認(rèn)識(shí)到能源危機(jī)的重要性，即A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.單選題

Allhisplanforstartinghisownbusinessfell（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.through

C.down

D.away

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellin“塌陷，跌入，集合，到期”；B選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空，失敗”；C選項(xiàng)felldown“跌倒，倒塌”；D選項(xiàng)fellaway“消失，背離，離開，疏失”。句意：他所有的創(chuàng)業(yè)計(jì)劃全落空（告吹）了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

______hegaveupthespeech.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atalossforaword

B.Whileatalossforaword

C.Whenatalossforaword

D.Ifatalossforaword

【答案】A

【解析】考查原因狀語。句意：他想不出一個(gè)詞來，只好放棄演講。橫線部分是原因狀語。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可知橫線部分不是從句而是短語，句子還原成：Hegaveupthespeechatalossforaword.A選項(xiàng)Atalossforaword符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Onenight,whentelevisionbeganbroadcastingaboringTVshow,Isaidtomywife,“Theprogrammeisevenlessinterestingthantheadvertisement,orcommercials.Letushaveachange.

Mywife,whohappenedtohavearemotecontrolinherhand,consentedimmediately,switchedtoanotherchannelandenjoyedanadvertisementofriceflourwithme.Justatthemoment,Ifoundthatwewerenolongerasdisgustedwiththecommercialsaswehadbeenbefore.

ThenextdaywhenItoldmyexperiencetomycolleagues,they,tomysurprise,allhadthesamefeeling.Afewevensangseveralofthecommercialssongs.

Afewyearsago,whenadvertisementsbegantoappearintheChinesemedia,mostpeople,includingmyself,wereagainstthepractice.Somesighed,“ThesocialistTV,newspaperhasstartedimitatingthewesternbourgeoismediatool!”Whathaschangedtheaudience’smentalityinonlyseveralyears'time?

First,Chineseadvertisementhaveimprovedtheiradvertisingandtheiradvertisingtechniques,atthebeginning,thelanguageofadvertisementwassimple,themusicinsipidandtheimagescoarseandcrude.Later,somebetterforeignadvertisementscametoChineseTVandnewspapers.

“Wherethereisamountain,thereisaroad;wherethereisaroad,thereisaToyota”.ThewordsoftheJapaneseadvertisementpublicizingtheToyotacarareveryabsurdbutimpressiveandeasytomemorize.“Nestlecoffeeistastyindeed.”TheAmericanadvertisementpromotingthesaleoftheNestlebrandcoffeehasbecomeanewhouseholdphraseinChina.Gradually,Chineseadvertisementsalsohavelearnedhowtodressthemselvesup.Theyhavestrangeandhumorousassociations,charming,deepmalevoices,colorfulimagesandsongsthatarepleasingtotheearandeasytolearn.Forthesereasons,thecommercialsforSantanacars,FudacolourfilmandOrientbeverageshavesuccessfullyattractedaTVaudience.

Second,lifeneedsadvertisements.Everythinginmodemsocietyislinkedtoinformation,whilethemainfunctionofadvertisementsistodisseminateinformationoncommodities,services,culture,employment,studentenrollmentandevenmarriage.

Ofcourse,onecanobtainsuchinformationbylisteningtohearsayandmakingon-the-spotinvestigation,buttheinformationprovidedbyadvertisementsisdoubtlessthemostdirect,comprehensiveanddetailed.

Associetyadvances,people'sdemandshavebecomemoreandmorediversified,andthecommoditiesandservicesprovidedbysocietyhavealsobecomemoreandmorediversified.

Ontheotherhand,aslivingtempoquickens,peoplehavelessleisuretime.Iftheywanttospendtimefindingsuitablecommodities,serviceandemploymentopportunities,theyhavetorelyonadvertisements.So,unconsciously,peoplehavechangedtheirhatredforadvertisementstoanacceptanceandutilizationofthem.

But,duetocertainconditionsinChina,theChinesedonothaveagreatneedforadvertisementforthetimebeing.

1.WhydidChineseadvertisementplayanunpopularroleatthebeginning?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Comparedwithbefore,whatdidIfoundsuddenly?

4.Whatdoestheword"absurd"meaninthepassage?

5.TheadvantagesofadsareasfollowsEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseadswerenotwellmadeandtheyarenotattractive.

B.Becausewatchingadsisconsideredtobewastingourtime.

C.Becausepeoplearenotfamiliarwithadsandtheycan’tacceptit.

D.BecauseChinaisasocialistcountry.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mostpeoplelikeadvertisementsatthebeginning.

B.WesternbourgeoismediaarebetterthanChinesemedia.

C.ChinesemedialikestoimitatetheWest.

D.Fewpeoplewereinfavorofadvertisementswhenitappearedseveralyearsago.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.CommercialsarebetterthanTVshows.

B.WealllikecommercialsbetterthanTVshows.

C.TVshowsarenolongerattractive.

D.Wenolongerhatetoseecommercialsasbefore.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.interesting

B.funny

C.ridiculous

D.unpractical

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.adscandisseminateinformationtoaudience

B.adscanprovidesthemostdirect,comprehensiveanddetailedinformation

C.adsaren’tmadebylisteningtohearsay

D.adscanbringushappiness

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為什么中國(guó)廣告一開始不受歡迎？”文章第五段第一句話提到在開始的時(shí)候廣告語檢點(diǎn)，音樂平淡，畫面粗糙（thelanguageofadvertisementwassimple,themusicinsipidandtheimagescoarseandcrude），因此選項(xiàng)A“因?yàn)閺V告制作不好，沒有吸引力”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知下列哪項(xiàng)是真的？”文章第四段第一句話提到“幾年前，當(dāng)廣告開始出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)媒體上時(shí)，大多數(shù)人，包括我自己都反對(duì)這種做法”（Afewyearsago,whenadvertisementsbegantoappearintheChinesemedia,mostpeople,includingmyself,wereagainstthepractice），因此選項(xiàng)D“幾年前廣告出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候很少人喜歡”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“與以前比，我突然發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？”文章第二段最后一句提到“我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們不再像以前那樣討厭廣告了”（Ifoundthatwewerenolongerasdisgustedwiththecommercialsaswehadbeenbefore），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.詞義題。題目問的是“文章中absurd是什么意思？”文章第六段提到日本豐田汽車的廣告語“Wherethereisamountain,thereisaroad;wherethereisaroad,thereisaToyota”（有山的地方就有路，有路的地方就有豐田），可以推測(cè)這種說法是“荒誕的”，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是“除了下列哪項(xiàng)，其他都是廣告的優(yōu)勢(shì)？”文章倒數(shù)第五段提到廣告的功能是傳播商品、服務(wù)、文化、就業(yè)、招生甚至婚姻方面的信息（themainfunctionofadvertisementsistodisseminateinformationoncommodities,services,culture,employment,studentenrollmentandevenmarriage），因此可知選項(xiàng)A是廣告的一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，排除；文章倒數(shù)第四段提到人們可以通過其他途徑來獲取信息，但是廣告提供的信息無疑是最直接、最全面、最詳細(xì)的（buttheinformationprovidedbyadvertisementsisdoubtlessthemostdirect,comprehensiveanddetailed），由此可知選項(xiàng)B與C是廣告的兩個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。綜上，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,”stillpointstoanimportanttruthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportantas,orevenmoreimportantthan,democracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheideaofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

1.Thestatement“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness”probablymeans“（）”.

2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly（）.

3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Honestbusinessmen

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers

C.Peoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedom

D.Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B.itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountries

D.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析