論福斯塔夫的性格

1、論福斯塔夫的性格abstratthepersnalharaterntnlyntainshattheyd,ntalsntainshtd.sthepersnalharaterplaysaniprtantrleinneslife.falstaffisthestfausfigureinthehenryandtheerryivesfindsr.hataretheharatersffalstaff?beausefthediversitiesffalstaffsharater,differentpeplehlddifferentviesntheharaterffalstaff.inrdertakepeple

2、knfalstaffrelearlyandbjetively,thispaperseekstfindutharatersffalstafffrseveralaspetsardingtliuzaifusthery.thefirstpartistparekinglearithfalstafftfindutthespeialharaterffalstaff.thesendpartistdisusstheharatersffalstaff.itiseasytfindthattherearepliatinandrantiisandrealistieaningsexistedintheharaterffa

3、lstaff.thethirdpartistfinduttheausesfshapingtheharaterffalstaffandgetall-sideregnitin.keyrdsfalstaffsharater;pliatin;rantiis;realistieanings;auses;摘要恩格斯說：“人物的性格不僅表如今他做什么，而且表如今他怎樣做。福斯塔夫是莎士比亞的歷史劇?亨利四世?和喜劇?溫莎的風流娘們兒?中著名的喜劇人物,也是世界戲劇史上最令人難忘的藝術形象之一，那么福斯塔夫到底有著什么樣的性格呢？歷來的評論家對他性格的分析有著不同的意見，但往往是要么太偏激要么太主觀，因此本文

4、根據(jù)劉再復?性格組合論?的相關理論討論福斯塔夫的性格。第一局部，通過福斯塔夫和李爾王的比照，尋找兩個人性格的異同點，從而凸現(xiàn)出福斯塔夫的性格；第二局部，詳細討論福斯塔夫的性格，主要是從福斯塔夫性格的復雜性，浪漫性和現(xiàn)實性入手；第三局部，追溯福斯塔夫性格形成的原因，一方面，從騎士的歷史背景及福斯塔夫的社會地位著手；另一方面，從人自身的心理因素著手。從而讓人們看到一個全新的福斯塔夫，既生動逼真又客觀符合情理。關鍵詞福斯塔夫的性格；復雜性；浪漫性；現(xiàn)實性；成因；intrdutintheharatersirjhnfalstaffplaysaruialpartinshakespeareshenryiva

5、ndtheerryivesfindsr.falstaffgivesadeepipressintpeplentherldsinehehassteppedthestage.hatdrasusinandakesuslikefalstaff?ifyuaskhatheenjys,ndubttheanseris,firstandfrest,eatinganddrinking,thenrelaxingattheinnithhisthererryfriendsandpanins.thesethingsarehatreallyattertfalstaff,butfalstaffprtraysneaspetfli

6、fethatisbthbrutalandharsh.thisisiprtantbeausefalstaffisnblelikealltherainharatersintheplay.unlikefalstaff,thethernblesintheplaybehaveellasrealnblepersns.falstaffatsrelikethelerlasspeple.inrdertsatisfyhisneedsanddesire,falstaffhastignrehisstatusanddesseridiulusthings.atthesaetie,hetalksbigandignresth

7、esialhnrandnventins.thi,hnrisjustardandnthingdyingver.itiseasytfindthattheharaterffalstaffisatypialexaplefrresearh.sanypeplentherldhavedneseresearhnhi.sunqihadparedfalstaffithahqinrdertfindtheharaterffalstaff.therritishavednesiilarresearhes.besidesseadvantagesehavefindthatthsestudyinghavesedisadvant

8、ages.aseknpersnalharaterisaplexsyste.liuzaifuhassaidinhisrkthebinatinfharaterthattherearethreeethdstanalyzethepersnalharater.thefirstneistparebeteendifferentpersnalharaters;thesendistparebeteenthephenennandesseneexistedinnepersn;thelastneistparethetppnentfatrsfharaterinnepersn.ardingtthserulesedisus

9、sandanalyzetheharaterffalstaff.eseektfindutthesiilaritiesanddifferenesbeteenfalstaffandkinglear,thenanalyzetheplexharaterffalstafffrseveralaspets.itiseasytfindthattherearepliatinandrantiisandrealistieaningsexistedintheharaterffalstaff.inadditin,etrytfindtheausesfshapingtheharaterffalstaffandgetall-s

10、ideregnitin.nnehand,thebirthffalstaffisntasual,atthattietheknightsystehasbeendeayedandthehuanisisintheebrynistage,falstaffrepresentsthespeiallassthatshuldbededtdie,beausetheydntanttdanythingfrtheselvesandidleabut.nthetherhand,theharaterisapursuingsysteandthiskindfpursingsysteistivatinthatfresthehuan

11、beingtdsethingfrtheselvesandthers.falstaffisaknightandhasdeentstatus,inrdertliveandgetthelvehehasttalkbig,tellliesandftenbeteasedbythers.i.parisnbeteenfalstaffandkinglearthestrengthfshakespearesplaysliesintheabsrbingstriestheytell,intheirealthfplexharaters,andintheelquentspeehvivid,freful,andatthesa

12、etielyrithattheplayrightputsnhisharaterslips.ithasftenbeenntedthatshakespearesharatersareneitherhllygdnrhllyevil,andthatitistheirflaed,innsistentnaturethatakestheerable.haletfasinatesaudienesithhisabivaleneabutrevengeandtheunertaintyverhuhfhisadnessisfeignedandhuhgenuine.falstaffuldntbebelvedif,inad

13、ditintbeinggenial,penhearted,anditty,heerentalsbisterus,ardly,and,ultiately,pignant.beausefthsereasnsehavetanalyzetheharaterffalstaff.liuzaifuhassaidinhisrksthebinatinfharaterthattherearethreeethdstanalyzethepersnalharater.thefirstneistparebeteendifferentpersnalharater;thesendistparebeteenthephenenn

14、andesseneexistedinnepersn;thelastneistparethetppnentfatrsfharaterinnepersn.ardingtthserulesedisussandanalyzetheharaterffalstaff.a.theharaterfkinglearshakespearestragedykinglearisadetaileddesriptinfthensequenesfneansdeisins.thisfititiusanislear,kingfengland,hsedeisinsgreatlyalterhislifeandthelivesfth

15、searundhi.aslearbearsthestatusfkingheis,asneexpets,aanfgreatperbutsinfullyhesurrendersallfthisperthisdaughtersasareardfrtheirdenstratinflvetardsher.thisuntielyabdiatinfhisthrneresultsinahainreatinfeventsthatsendhithrughajurneyfhell.kinglearisaetaphrialdesriptinfneansjurneythrughhellinrdertexpiatehis

16、sin.astheplaypensneanalstiediatelyseethatlearbeginstakeistakesthatilleventuallyresultinhisdnfall.thisisthefirstandstsignifiantftheanysinsthatheakesinthisplay.byabdiatinghisthrnetfuelhisegheisdisruptsthegreathainfbeinghihstatesthatthekingustnthallengethepsitinthatgdhasgivenhi.thisunderiningfgdsauthri

17、tyresultsinhasthattearsapartlearsrld.leavinghi,intheend,thereisnthing.fllingthislearbeginstbanishthsearundhithatgenuinelyarefrhiasatthisstageheanntseebeyndtheaskthattheevilear.hebanisheskent,alyalservanttlear,andhisyungestandpreviuslystlveddaughterrdelia.theresultinlearsurrundinghiselfithpeplehnlyis

18、htusehihihleaveshiveryvulnerableattak.thisispreiselyhathappensanditisthrughthisthathedisvershisrngsandaendsthe.fllingtheittingfhissins,learbeesabandnedandestrangedfrhiskingdhihauseshitlsesanity.hilelstinhisgriefandself-pitytheflisintrduedtguidelearbaktthesanerldandthelplearfindthatasnelstbehindahund

19、redknightsbutnisutinthepenandsaredlikealittlehild.thefatthatlearhasnbeenpushedutfrbehindhisknightsisdraatiallyrepresentedbyhiatuallybeingutnthelansfhisastle.theterrifiedlittlehildthatisnunshelteredisdraatiallyprtrayedbylearssuddeninsanityandhisrageandangerisseenthrughthethunderuseatherthatisbeingexp

20、eriened.allfthisntributestthesufferingflearduetthegrsssinsthathehasitted.thepeakfthishellthatisexperienedbylearinrdertrepayhissinsisattheendftheplayhenrdeliaiskilled.learsaysthisbefrehehiselfdiesasheanntliveithuthisdaughter.allfthispainthatlearsufferedistraedbaktthesinglestiprtanterrrthatheadethehie

21、tgiveuphisthrne.thisnesinhasprventhaveassivereperussinsupnlearandthelivesfthsearundhieventuallykillingalstallfthsehereinvlved.andneislefttasknesselfifasinglerngturnandthistlearthenhatdiffiultrnerliesaheadthatayausesiilaralteratinsinneslife.b.thefalstaffsludirustraitsfalstaffinhenryivisaverydifferent

22、psitin.theainharaterffalstaffislearlyaprankster,andntnearlyasanyhrriblethingshappenthi.falstaffistheharaterelaughat,akkinginhenryiv.halistheidealkingandfalstaffisalrdfisrule.uptertainpintfalstaffiserelyanbjetfpureentertainent.hisharaterispresenthieflyfrthehurthatarisesbyshinghisludirustraits.hyshuld

23、elaughataanithahugebellyandanappetitetath,attheayhesuffersnahtday,hisubersesizeandthelivelinessfhisspirit.histielessageandhisyuthfullightnessfheartshhistruenature.hydefindedyintheenrityfhisliesandthesuddennessftheirexpsureandfrustratin.thentrastbeteenhisreputatinandhisrealharater,seenstabsurdlyhen,a

24、ttheereentinfhisnae,arebelsurrendersthi.hatisitabutfalstaffthatausedustlaughattheseandanysuhthings?hereehavethepuredutinendlessprfusinandiththatairfarelesseasehihissfasinatininshakespeare.buthiletheyarequiteessentialttheharater,thereisuhrethanjustfuninhi.thesethingsbytheselvesdntexplainhy,besideslau

25、ghingatfalstaff,eareadehappybyhiandlaughithhi.buthiletheyarequiteessentialttheharater,thereisanuglysideffalstaff,buteverlkitinlightfhisgreathur.thedifferenesandsiilaritiesinthethetpsitinshavehuruspartsinthebutbtharedistintlydifferent.falstaffinhenryivislearlyaedyithalstallthetraitsfaedyhilekingleari

26、sasadharater.falstaffandkingleararesehatdissiilar.kingleardealsithallftheprblesfrnefhisatins-abdiatinfhisthrne.falstaffdealsiththesituatinssurrundingtheprineandheantakedifferentpathsithhislife.thetharatersshareatrubledpastandanevenretrublingfuturebutthatistheextentftheirsiilarity.paredtkinglearhisex

27、treelyunhappyandisnaquesttregainhishappinesshihisultiatelyipssible,falstaffsindulgenesausehitsllylsehislifeandalienatethepeplearundhi.likekingleartheybthlsepssessinsalngtheirjurney.theyarealikeinanyaysbuttakedifferentaysteettheirends.theirexperienesaredifferentbuttheirendisthesae.theseveralaspetsffa

28、lstaffsharatera.thepliatinffalstaffsharaterhatdrasusinandakesuslikefalstaff?ifyuaskhatheenjys,ndubttheanseris,firstandfrest,eatinganddrinking,thenrelaxingattheinnithhisthererryfriendsandpanins.thesethingsarehatreallyattertfalstaff.falstaffsindulgenesausehitsllylsehislifeandalienatethepeplearundhi.th

29、isisperhapsthestsubstantialiharaterthateverasinvented.firstfall,iantthelpthereadersregnizetheplexharaterffalstaffthrughdisussingabutit.asekn,thepersnalharaterplaysaniprtantrleinliteraryrks,italsshspersnalayflifeandentalveent.esternritersftenpayattentintthispintandregarditasthevaluesfliterary,hilehin

30、esepeplednttakearefitanddividehuanbeinginttgrups.sthepersnalharaterinliteraryissipleandunique,theharatersbeteentheperfetandtherstareverylearasgdandbeast.sehinesepepleregardtheharaterffalstaffasbadhliganhiletherstakeppsitevie.atthesaetie,inthestudyfhuannaturethereisneethdhihertainlyanntleadtreliabler

31、esults.thisistaskpepleabuttheirnpersnality.nevertheless,anyseriuspsyhlgistsandsilgistsstillhaveanaivenfideneinthisethd,andpratieitbysendingutquestinnairestthusandsfindividuals.thesilgisthusesthisethdinrdertestablishthepresenefertainpsyhlgialtraitsinassesfpeple,desntknthesteleentaryharateristifhuanna

32、ture,hihisthatpepledntkntheselves.eighthpethatpeplesatinsarereharateristithantheirpinins.atinsareindeedrevaluablethanrds,andquestinnairesnbehaviruldyieldreinterestingresultsifneuldrelyntherretnessftheansers.infat,huannatureisplexsyste,thereisnperfetanexeptgd,alsthereisnbadanexeptbeast.inrdertgetridf

33、thisunreasnablevieisuggesteshuldhldtherightstandtjudgetheharaterffalstaff.falstaffarriesastprtlypreseneintheindseye,andinhi,nttspeakitprfanely,ebehldthefullnessfthespiritfitandhurbdily.eareasellaquaintedithhispersnashisind,andhisjkeseupnusithdublefreandrelishfrthequantityffleshthrughhihtheyaketheira

34、y,asheshakeshisfatsidesithlaughter,rlardstheleanearthashealksalng.theriharaterssee,ifeapprahandhandlethe,treslvetheselvesintair,intthinair,butthisisebdiedandpalpabletthegrssestapprehensin:itliesthreefingersdeepupntheribs,itplaysabutthelungsandthediaphragithallthefrefanialenjyent.hisbdyislikeagdestat

35、ethisind,frhihhereeivesrentsandrevenuesfprfitandpleasureinkind,ardingtitsextentandtherihnessfthesil.itisftenaeagersubstitutefrpleasurablesensatin,aneffusinfbadteperandpettyspiteatthefrtsfthers,frfeelingnneinitself.falstaffsitisaneanatinfafinenstitutin;anexuberanefgd-hurandgd-nature;anverflingfhislve

36、flaughterandgd-fellship;agivingventthisheartsease,andver-ntententithhiselfandthers.heuldntbeinharater,ifheerentsfatasheis,frthereisthegreatestkeepinginthebundlessluxuryfhisiaginatinandthepaperedself-indulgenefhisphysialappetites.heanuresandnurisheshisindithjests,ashedeshisbdyithsakandsugar.hehasjkes

37、iththers,asheuldeatapnrahaunhfvenisn.histnguedrpsfatness,andinthehabersfhisbrainitsnsfeatanddrink.hekeepsupperpetualhlidayandpenhuse,andeliveithhiinarund,finvitatinstarupsteak.yetearenttsuppsethatheasaeresensualist.allthisisasuhiniaginatinasinreality.hissensualitydesntupyanddullhistherfaulties,butas

38、endseintthebrain,learsaayallthedull,rudevaprsthatenvirnit,andakesitfullfnible,fiery,anddeletableshapes.hisiaginatinkeepsupthefatbdyafterhissenseshavedneithit.heseesthaveevenagreaterenjyentfthefreedfrrestraint,fgdheer,fhisease,fhisvanity,intheidealexaggerateddesriptinhihhegivesfthe,thaninfat.heneverf

39、ailstenrihhisdisurseithallusinsteatinganddrinking,buteneverseehiattable.hearrieshisnkithenabutithhi,andheisatun.hispullingutthebttleinthefieldfbattleisajketshhisnteptfrglryapaniedithdanger,hissysteatiadherenethisepiureanphilsphyinthesttryingirustanes.again,suhishisdeliberateexaggeratinfhisnvies,that

40、itdesntseequiteertainhethertheauntfhishstesssbill,fundinhispket,ithsuhanut-f-the-ayhargefrapnsandsakithnlynehalfpenny-rthfbread,asntputtherebyhiselfasatrikthurthejestupnhisfavriteprpensities,andasansiusariaturefhiself.heisrepresentedasaliar,abraggart,aard,agluttn,et.,andyetearentffendedbutdelightedi

41、thhi,frheisalltheseasuhtausethersastgratifyhiself.hepenlyassuesalltheseharaterstshthehuruspartfthe.theunrestrainedindulgenefhisnease,appetites,andnveniene,hasneitheralienrhyprisyinit.inard,heisanatrinhiselfalstasuhasupnthestage,andenrebjetttheharaterffalstaffinaralpintfviethaneshuldthinkfbringingane

42、xellentedian,hshuldrepresenthitthelife.enlynsiderthenuberfpleasantlightsinhihheputsertaineaknesses(therepleasantastheyareppsedtthereeivedrulesandneessaryrestraintsfsiety),anddnttrubleurselvesabutthensequenesresultingfrthe,frnishievusnsequenesdresult.falstaffisldasellasfat,hihgivesaelanhlyretrspetive

43、tingettheharater,andbythedisparitybeteenhisinlinatinsandhisapaityfrenjyent,akesitstillreludirusandfantastial.theseretffalstaffsitis,frthestpart,aasterlypresenefind,anabsluteself-pssessin,hihnthingandisturb.hisreparteesareinvluntarysuggestinsfhisself-lve;instintiveevasinsfeverythingthatthreatenstinte

44、rrupttheareerfhistriuphantjllityandself-plaeny.hisverysizeflatshiutfallhisdiffiultiesinaseafrihneits,andheturnsrundnthepivtfhisnveniene,itheveryasinandataentsarning.hisnaturalrepugnaneteveryunpleasantthughtrirustane,fitselfakeslightfbjetins,andprvkesthestextravagantandlientiusansersinhisnjustifiatin

45、.hisindifferenettruthputsnhekupnhisinventin.thereiprbableandunexpetedhisntrivanesare,therehappilydesheseetbedeliveredfthe,theantiipatinftheireffetatingasastiulustthegaietyfhisfany.thesuessfneadventurussallygiveshispiritstundertakeantherthing,andhisexaggeratinsandexusesarepen,palpable,nstrusasthefath

46、erthatbegetsthe.hisdisslutearelessnessfhathesaysdisversitselfinthefirstdialgueiththeprine.b.therantiisfthefalstaffsharaterfalstaffissuhaharater.rantiis,asstatedintheaerianheritageeletrniditinaryis,anartistiandintelletualveentriginatingineurpeinthelate18thenturyandharaterizedbyaheightenedinterestinna

47、ture,ephasisntheindividualsexpressinfetinandiaginatin,departurefrtheattitudesandfrsflassiis,andrebellinagainstestablishedsialrulesandnventins.falstaffistheidealrantiharater.theharaterffalstaff,inshakespearesplayhenryivpartne,servesasanebleffrivlityandarelessnessithinarldfilledithsialandplitialsignif

48、iane.falstaffsrnstherldfplitisandraldeisinsinfavrfexistingfrenttent.thughhedislikesthistherrld,falstaffrealizesheustsetieseinntatithit.falstaffsfausspeehinlines127-139fatvshsushheregardstheprinesrldfhnrandduty.thrughthisspeeh,falstaffplaeshiselffirlyutfanyralrldnernedithjustierhnr,insteadlivingfrnth

49、erreasnthanlifeitself.frinstane,falstaffsspeehesafterthekingandprinehaldeidetaragainstthearyfhtspur.thughtheyaitnrdfrrester,theprbabilityfnflitseeshigh.falstaffknsthathenthebattlees,heisgingtbeintheiddlefit.shrtlybefrehisspeehnthenaturefhnr,falstaffshsfearthatheightbehurt.inlines121-2falstaffaskshal

50、tprtethiifheshuldfallduringbattle.theprinesrejetinftherequestshshissrnfrfalstaffsdesiretpassivelypreservenlyhisnlife.thrughutthelasthalfftheplay,astheprinedriftsaayfrfalstaff,falstaffsrleintheatinftheplayasahlediinishes.theiprtaneplaedupntheideafhnrallshaltassuehisrightfulpsitinbesidetheking,hilefal

51、hepeninglinesfhisspeeh,falstaffsays,tisntdueyet:iuldbelathtpayhibefrehisday.(l.127-8)inthisexaple,gdisbeingrelatedbyfalstafftsenehhassetasheduledeteriningthetieandplaefeverynesdeath.frfalstaff,nesrleinlifeisnttstrayfrthepa

52、threatedbythathigherper.thentinfhnr,ashelaterdesribesinthisspeeh,isabeliefthrughhihneanvilatethatnaturalrder.hesays,yea,buthifhnrprikeffhenien?(l.130)inrderfrnetgainhnr,neustriskneslife.thistypefgablingisntfrfalstaff,ashedeidesthathisnlifeisreiprtantthanard.(l.133)falstaffsdesiretsavehisnlifeplaeshi

53、firlyithinthephysialrld.hisspeehdealsiththeaysatielesslyepheeralntinsuhashnranaffetthephysialrld.falstaffsays,anhnrsettaleg?n.ranar?n.rtakeaaythegrieffraund?n.(l.131-2)atthesaetieashalisplainghiselfithintherldftielesshistrythrughhisbravedeeds,falstaffnteplatesthephysialharhihuldhappenthi.hislinefthu

54、ghtaddresseshalassenehseeksreardshihareunattainable.tfalstaff,thedesirefrhnr,hihhasstarteduntlessarsandausedinnuerabledeaths,isnrethanafairytale.falstaffisnnetedtthetangiblerldfeating,errient,andphysialitytsuhanextentastdevaluethequestfrtielessjustiethrughhnrableatins.byfearingphysialhar,falstaffkee

55、pshifraessinginttherealfpersnalstrengthandheriallytielessdeeds.therealistieaningsffalstaffsharaterasapetsays“alittlesandrefletsthehlerld.analyzingtheharaterffalstaffstillhasgreateaningsnadays.frthelittlefigureentnlyseefalstaffrelearly,butalsanexperienetheperidfhistryandfeelulturethatauthrdesribed.it

56、htheglbaldevelpentandinternatinaluniatin,thepepleindifferentuntrieshavestartedtlearnfreahtherandenhanetheirulturalivilizatin.illiashakespeareisafausdraatistheverlivesandhisksarerldideliteratureasterpiee.theideashihihavefrednerningtheurageandilitaryharaterfthedraatisirjhnfalstaff,aresdifferentfrthseh

57、ihifindgenerallytprevailintherld,thatishalltakethelibertyfstatingysentientsnthesubjet,inhpethatsepersnasunengagedasyself,illeitherrretandrefryerrrinthisrespet,r,jininghiselftypinin,reedyefr,hatiayall,thereprahfsingularity.iatavthatidntlearlydisernthatsirjhnfalstaffdeservestbeartheharatersgenerallygi

58、venhifanabsluteard,intherrds,thatidntneiveshakespeareevereanttakeardieanessentialpartfhisnstitutin.iknhuniversallythentrarypininprevails,andiknhatrespetanddefereneareduetthepublivie.butiftakeanavalfthissingularity,iaddallthereasnsthathaveledetit,andaknledgeyselftbehllyinthejudgentfthepubli,ishallhpe

59、tavidtheensureftuhfrardnessrinderu.itust,inthefirstplae,beadittedthattheappearanesinthisasearesingularlystrngandstriking.eseethisextrardinaryharater,alstinthefirstentfuraquaintaneithhi,invlvedinirustanesfapparentdishnr;andehearhifailiarlyalledardbyhisstintiatepanins.eseefalstaff,nasinftherbberyatgad

60、s-hill,intheveryatfrunningaayfrtheprineandpins,andebehldhi,nantherfrehnrablebligatin,inpendaylight,inbattle,andatinginhisprfessinasasldier,esapingfrduglasevenutftherldasitere;pretendingdeath,anddesertinghisveryexistene;andefindhinthefrerasin,betrayedintthseliesandbastfulrds,hiharetheusualnitantsfard