英語構(gòu)詞法之合成法與混成法課件

1、合成法 compounding1-精品文檔-CompoundingConceptCharacteristicsFormation-精品文檔-Concept將兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞的構(gòu)詞法稱為合成法。Compounding: a process by which a compound lexeme is derived from two or more simpler lexemes.3-精品文檔-Characteristicsto distinguish a compound from a free phrase:Semantic Features(語義學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)): a compound

2、 has it own semantic features, rather than the meaning combination of each word.E.g. greenhouse vs. green houseOrthographic Features（正字法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）: Compounds are written in various ways.E.g. a. Solid(字間不留空的): bedroom, newspaper, horseback; b. Hyphenated(用連字符連接的): part-time, good-looking; c. Open(字間留空的): ai

3、r force, air raid, black list, black sea4-精品文檔-Phonological Features（音位學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）: compounds have a high or unity stress in the first component.E.g.Grammatical Features（語法特征）: compounds have their own grammatical features.e.g. v.+ n. breakwater n.; n + -ed homemade adj. ; adj + -ed newborn adj. 揚(yáng)聲器 loudsp

4、eaker rather than louder speaker compoundsphrasesbluebird a blue birdblackboarda black board5-精品文檔-Formation合成名詞 (Noun compounds)合成動詞(Verb compounds)合成形容詞(Adjective compounds)合成副詞和合成代詞 (Adverb compounds and Pronoun compounds)6-精品文檔-合成名詞 Noun compounds方式例詞名詞+名詞football, notebook, seafood, hand-book.形

5、容詞+名詞blackboard, first-class, green house動名詞+名詞waiting-room, writing-desk, sleeping bag.動詞+名詞pickpocket, turn-coat, sleepwalker副詞+名詞income, overcoat, inland代詞+名詞he-goat, she-wolf名詞+介詞+名詞father-in-law, editor-in-chief動詞+副詞take-off, breakup, breakdown副詞+動詞output, download, overflow7-精品文檔-合成動詞 Verb com

6、pounds構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞+動詞sleepwalk, waterski, daydream, sunbathe副詞+動詞overcome, overeat, upload, uphold形容詞+副詞whitewash, quick-charge, blacklist, ill-treat其它方式blow-dry, spin-dry夢游 滑水 做白日夢 沐日光浴克服 吃太多 上傳 維護(hù)刷白 快速充電 列入黑名單 虐待 吹干 甩干8-精品文檔-合成形容詞 Adjective compounds 構(gòu)成 方式 例詞 過去分詞或-ed詞尾 kind-hearted, middle-aged, new-

7、born-ing詞尾 good-looking, easy-going, man-eating形+名或名+形full-time, first-class, ice-cold, brand-new其它方式 two-hour, out-door, up-hill, see-through好心的 中年的 新生的 好看的 隨和的 吃人的 全職的 頭等的 冰冷的 全新的 兩小時的 戶外的 上山的 透明的 9-精品文檔-合成副詞和合成代詞 Adverb compounds and Pronoun compounds構(gòu)成方式例詞合成副詞empty-handed, single-handed, sideway

8、showever, anywhere, downstairs合成代詞myself, himself, ourselvessomeone, anybody, nothing, everyone空手地 單槍匹馬地 向一邊 然而 任何地方 往樓下 我自己 他自己 我們自己某人 任何人 沒事 每個人10-精品文檔-Word Formation: Blending 混成法-精品文檔-Blending -精品文檔-The meaning of blending MIXblends or portmanteau words-精品文檔-混成法（Blending）定義混成法：也叫混合法或拼綴法,是把兩個詞合在一

9、起,其中至少有一個詞失去部分音節(jié)或字母,新詞的意義是它組成成分意義的融合或疊加。例如：news broadcast newscast 新聞廣播television broadcast telecast 電視播送smoke and fog smog 煙霧photo and graphy photography攝影，攝影術(shù)-精品文檔-More and more police and traffic experts believe that autocide is an important cause of traffic death. The black woman supported her b

10、ig family to live in the slurb where far away from the center. slurb (美.市郊貧民區(qū))= slum + suburbThe chunnel beneath the English Channel, put into service in 1994, linked England and France. chunnel (水底隧道)= channel + tunnelautocide (撞車自殺 )= automobile + suicideheadtailheadtailtailheadStructure 1 The str

11、uctures of blending-精品文檔-Structure 1automobile + suicide = autocide slum + suburb = slurb channel + tunnel = chunnel 獅虎獸： 廣告統(tǒng)計學(xué): 經(jīng)濟(jì)滯脹: 霧霾: head + tail lion + tiger=ligeradvertising + statistics= advertisticsstagnation + inflation= stagflationsmoke + fog = smog-精品文檔-Structure 2The sitcom Growing Pain

12、s is quite popular in America. These stations would hold a private key that let them recognize tagged connections from telex clients. With the help of comsat, Google Map could captured every details of the environment to an extreme degree. telex (電傳)= teleprinter + exchangersitcom(情景喜劇) = situation

13、+ comedyheadheadheadheadcomsat (衛(wèi)星通訊)= communication + satelliteheadhead-精品文檔-situation + comedy= sitcom teleprinter + exchange = telex communication + satellite = comsat Structure 2head + head -精品文檔-Structure 3 醫(yī)療救助 head + word medicaid = medical + aid 汽車野營autocamp= automobile + camp 歐亞Eurasia = Eu

14、rope + Asia-精品文檔-Structure 4 勞動福利 流動書店bookmobileword + tail = talk + marathonworkfare= work + welfare= book + automobile冗長的談話talkathon-精品文檔-Conclusion Blending is a very productive process and many coinages resulting from blending have become well-established. Moreover, they even serve as models for new formations (hamburger beefburger, cheeseburger, etc.). The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns; very few are verbs and adjectives are even fewer. The few verbs are: telecast (from t