C程式語言授課項目

1、C程式語言授課項目2.1 變數(shù)名稱使用Sum Variable_1Dir_x Dir_y Dir_zState_of_art StateOfArt2.2 變數(shù)宣告int i,j,k;double sum;double K1, K2, K3;CString string;FILE *fp;Char Temp80; 2.3 基本資料型態(tài)int整數(shù)char字元float浮點單精度double浮點雙精度CString字串整數(shù)資料型態(tài)及所佔記憶體位元:int 16 bits-32768 32768 (+-/2e15)unsigned int160 65535signed int16-32768 3276

2、7unsigned short int 160 65535signed short int16-32768 32767long int32-2147483648 2147483647signed long int32-2147483648 2147483647unsigned long int320 4294967295字元資料型態(tài)及所佔記憶體位元:char8256文字浮點數(shù)資料型態(tài)及所佔記憶體位元:float 32bits3.4(10e-38) 3.4(10e38)double641.7(10e-308) 1.7(10e308)long double643.4(10e-4932) 1.1(1

3、0e4932)2.4 常數(shù)表達int i;char t30;float k;CString str;i=5;k=3.14159;t=”Hello”;str=”Hello”+” everyone”;2.5 基本運算數(shù)sum=a+b;sum=a-b;s=a*b;s=1/b;s=a*b%c;2.6 型別轉換float s, t;int ii;s=(float)ii * t;s=(float) a / (float) b;s=(int) a / (int) b;2.7 特殊運算j+; j=j+1;j-; j=j-1;+j;j=j+1; (少用)-j;j=j-1; (少用)a+=b;a=a+b;a/=b

4、;a=a/b;a*=b;a=a * b;a%=ba=a%b;n=sizeof(char)n=1m=sizeof(int);mm=sizeof(double);3.0 開檔設定FILE *fp;fp=fopen("C:temp","w"); FILE *fp1;fp1=fopen("C:temp","r");3.1 fprintf()FILE *fp;fp=fopen("C:temp","w");fprintf(fp,”This is the first example”);f

5、printf(fp,”%sn”,”This is the first example”);3.1.1 3.1.4 控制字元n, %d %f %s %lfCString str;str=”This is the first example”;fprintf(fp,”%sn”,str);int j;j=3;fprintf(fp,”%dn”,j);double pi=3.14159;fprintf(fp,”%fn”,pi);double pi, pi2, pi3;pi=3.14159;pi2=2*pi;pi3=3*pi;fprintf(fp,”%f %f %fn”,pi,pi2,pi3);FILE

6、*fp;int jj;double a, b, c;CString str=”C:temp","w"fp=fopen(str,”w”);a=3.0;b=5.0;c=a+b;fprintf(fp,”The sum of %lf and %lf is equal to %lf .”,a,b,c);fclose(fp);fprintf(fp,”%fn”,k1); fprintf(fp,”%fn”,k2);fprintf(fp,”%f”,k1); fprintf(fp,”%f”,k2);n換列%d整數(shù)%s字串%f實數(shù)%lf雙精度實數(shù)%e 科學計數(shù)%c 字元%o8進位整數(shù)%

7、x16進位整數(shù)3.2 fscanf()FILE *fp1;int jj;char t80;fp1=fopen("C:temp","r");fscanf(fp1,”%dn”,&jj);fscanf(fp1,”%sn”,t);int var1, var2;fscanf(fp1,”%d %dn,&var1, &var2); &:位址符號第四章 程式流程控制4.1 關係運算子與邏輯運算子1. > >=<<=a> b;a>=b;a<b;a<=b;2. =!=a=b;a=b;Correc

8、t:Int a=3;Int b=5;if(a=b)AfxMessageBox(“Case: true”);elseAfxMessageBox(“Case: false”);if(a!=b)AfxMessageBox(“Case: TRUE”);wrong:if(a=b)! not!= not equala!=b;if(a!=b)else3. &&|!BOOL A,B,C;C=A&B;if(a=b) && (c=d)elseA=false;B=false;C=A|Bint a=4, b=3;int c=2, d=4;If(a=b) | (c=d)elseC

9、=!A;FILE *fp;fp=fopen(“”,”w”);double p1,p2,q1,q2;p1=0;q1=0;p2=3;q2=2;for(int i=0;i<5;i+)p1+=i;q1=i;if(p1>p2) if(q1>q2)o2.Format("%f > %f and %f > %f",p1,p2,q1,q2);AfxMessageBox(o2);else if(q1=q2)o2.Format("%f > %f and %f = %f",p1,p2,q1,q2);AfxMessageBox(o2);else

10、o2.Format("%f > %f and %f < %f",p1,p2,q1,q2);AfxMessageBox(o2);else if(p1=p2)if(q1>q2)o2.Format("%f = %f and %f > %f",p1,p2,q1,q2);AfxMessageBox(o2);else if(q1=q2)o2.Format("%f = %f and %f = %f",p1,p2,q1,q2);AfxMessageBox(o2);elseo2.Format("%f = %f and

11、%f < %f",p1,p2,q1,q2);AfxMessageBox(o2);elseif(q1>q2)o2.Format("%f < %f and %f > %f",p1,p2,q1,q2);AfxMessageBox(o2);else if(q1=q2)o2.Format("%f < %f and %f = %f",p1,p2,q1,q2);AfxMessageBox(o2);elseo2.Format("%f < %f and %f < %f",p1,p2,q1,q2);Af

12、xMessageBox(o2);fprintf(fp,”%sn”,o2);fclose(fp);4. 優(yōu)先順序(a) !-(negative) +-(b) */%(c)+-(add)(d)<<=>>=(e) =!=(f) &&(g) |4.2 for敘述int i;for (i=0;i<10;i+)int i;for (i=0;i<10;i+);for (int i=0;i<10;i+)sum=sum+i;sun+=i;for(j=0;j<n;j+) fprintf(fp,”%d”,j+n);for(j=0;j<n;j+)

13、fprintf(fp,”%d”,j+n); for(j=0;j<n;j+) fprintf(fp,”%d”,j+n); for(j=0;j<n;j+) fprintf(fp,”%d”,j+n); fprintf(fp,”%d”,j+n+1);int i,j,n1,n2;for(i=0;i<n1;i+)for(j=0;j<n2;j+)k=i+j;int n1;n1=10;int i;for(i=0;i<n1;i+)j=I+jdlsf=i+hjdjshdfor(k=0;k<m;k+)int sum,step; for(j1=0;j1<n1;j1+)sum=

14、i+j;for(j2=0;j2<n2;j2+)step=sqrt(i*j);4.3 while 敘述BOOL factor=false;/factor=false;while (factor!=true)factor=true;j=0;while (j<=10)j+;while ( )while ( )4.4 do while敘述int j;j=0;doj+;while (j<=10)4.5 if敘述if(i>10)elseif(j>10 | j<20)if(I<10)if(j>10)else if (j>=11 && j&

15、lt;20)else 4.8 Switch敘述int I;switch (i)case 1: fprintf();break;case 2: fprintf();break;case 3: fprintf();break;default:fprintf();4.9 breakfor(j=0;j<10;j+)if(j>5)break;4.11 gotobegin:if(i>j)goto stop;goto begin;stop:return;int j,k;start:j+=1;if(j>10) goto stop;goto start;stop:第五章 陣列和指標5.1

16、 一維陣列int score10;score0 score9double value5;value0 value4float average100;average0 average99score0=1;score1=2;score3=score1+score2;5.2 二維陣列int num34;num00 num01 num02 num03num10 num11 num12 num13num20 num21 num22 num23for(int I=0;I<3;I+)for(int j=0;j<4;j+)numIj=I+j;double f100100f00f099f990,f9

17、9995.3 變數(shù)位元(bit)長度char: 8位元: 一個位元組int 16 位元: 兩個位元組float 32位元: 四個位元組double 64 位元: 八個位元組一個位元組=8 位元5.4 指標變數(shù)任何一變數(shù)內所存放的數(shù)值有兩種:數(shù)值及記憶體位址(address)*: (指標變數(shù))設定為指標變數(shù)&: (取址變數(shù))傳回運算元之位址可設定為指標變數(shù)的資料型態(tài): char, int, double, floatint *pt; 該變數(shù)含有一記憶體位址fscanf(fp,”%dn”,&lue);- fscanf的功能為將檔案內數(shù)值存入記憶體內,因此要設定給變數(shù)value時,需

18、要前面加”&”,將該數(shù)值存入value所相對的記憶體內.Ex:Void main()int *ptr, I, val;*ptr: 設定成存放位址的變數(shù)I=20;ptr=&I;*ptr內記錄I之位址Val=*ptr;val設定為ptr所指到位址內的數(shù)值fprintf(“%dn”,val);結果為20int *k;k=(int *)malloc(10*sizeof(int);double *factor;int num;num=100;factor=(double *)malloc(num*sizeof(double);5.5 指標與陣列應用int *ptr;ptr=ptr+;指向

19、ptr所含位址加二位元組之位址.ptr=ptr-; 指向ptr所含位址減二位元組之位址.Ptr=ptr+7; 指向ptr所含位址加(2*7)位元組之位址Ex: pp. 5-22pp. 5-31*EXAMPLESMalloc Example:一維陣列double M10;double *N;int num;num=10;N=(double *)malloc(num*sizeof(double);free(N);num=100;N=(double *)malloc(num*sizeof(double);free(N);U=(int *)malloc(DrawU*sizeof(int);Free(U

20、);NU=(double *)malloc(cur.PtNum*sizeof(double);N=(double *)malloc(x*cur.Order*sizeof(double);二維陣列double *Pt1_indexu;Pt1_indexu=(double *)malloc(num*sizeof(double *);for(j=0;j<num;j+)Pt1_indexuj=(double *)malloc(num*sizeof(double); for(i=num-1;i>=0;i-) /2000/11/21 free(Pt1_indexui); free(Pt1_in

21、dexu); Pt1_indexu=NULL;Pt1_indexv=(double *)malloc(num*sizeof(double *);for(j=0;j<num;j+)Pt1_indexvj=(double *)malloc(num*sizeof(double); for(i=num-1;i>=0;i-) /2000/11/21 free(Pt1_indexvi); free(Pt1_indexv); Pt1_indexv=NULL;Pt1=(XYZPoint *)malloc(num*sizeof(XYZPoint *);for(j=0;j<num;j+)Pt1j

22、=(XYZPoint *)malloc(num*sizeof(XYZPoint); for(i=num-1;i>=0;i-) /2000/11/21 free(Pt1i); free(Pt1); Pt1=NULL;第七章 變數(shù)的等級1. auto: 區(qū)域變數(shù)宣告 (壽命最短, 以堆疊存放,該區(qū)段執(zhí)行結束即被釋放)void main()int I;2. static: 靜態(tài)變數(shù)宣告 (也是區(qū)域變數(shù)宣告,但以固定位址存放,程式執(zhí)行該變數(shù)一直有效)void main()static int I;3. external: 外在變數(shù)宣告 (指定於程式外部的變數(shù),所有其它區(qū)段及函數(shù)均可使用此變數(shù)),

23、此一變數(shù)可該許多檔案使用- 在C+中可宣告於*.h檔,或放於*.cpp檔之前面.- 若宣告於*.h內,放在Public內時,可供其它檔案include4. static external: 靜態(tài)外在變數(shù)宣告(指定於程式外部的變數(shù),所有其它區(qū)段及函數(shù)均可使用此變數(shù)),此一變數(shù)只可供宣告該變數(shù)的檔案使用- -在C+中可宣告於*.h檔,或放於*.cpp檔之前面.- 若宣告於*.h內,放在Protected內時,只可供該*.cpp檔案使用第八章 C語言前端處理程式8.1 巨集#define指令使用於: - 常數(shù)代換- 字串代換- 定義簡易函數(shù)Ex:float a;a=pi*10;#definefmt“

24、x is %dn”FILE *fp;fp=.fprintf(fp,fmt,x);#define TRUE1#defineFALSE0int again=1;while(again)again=TRUE;(or again=FALSE) #defineMAX(a,b)(a>b) ? a:bvoid main()int x,y,max;x=5;y=10;max=MAX(x,y);. . .8.2 #include 功能- 將某一檔案包含在目前檔案下工作.- #include <檔案名稱>到視窗option欄位,Directories公能項Include Directories指定

25、的子目錄內找尋該檔.- #include “檔案名”在目前工作目錄下者尋該檔.8.3 條件式編譯- 使用於較大的程式區(qū)塊中#if (運算式)#endif#if #else#endif#ifdef 識別字#endif#ifndef#undef第九章 使用者自訂資料結構9.1 typedef- 將某一識別字定義為一種資料型態(tài)- 此一識別字以該項資料型態(tài)使用Ex:typedef int length;length inch, meter;typedef float average;average ave1, ave2;typedef float tmp;void main()tmp f,c;9.2

26、結構資料型態(tài)- 將一些相關但不同的資料型態(tài),組織成一個新的資料型態(tài).Ex:Struct Scoreint math;int english;int computer;score;score A;struct TagRevPointdouble X;double Y;double Z;RevPoint;RevPoint Pt1, Pt2;Pt1.X=Pt1.Y=Pt1.Z=.Pt2.X=Pt2.Y=Pt2.Z=9.3 資料結構與陣列struct Tagscoreint math;int English;int computer;score;score test50;test1.math=test

27、5.English=puter=9.4 巢狀資料結構struct TagRevPointdouble X;double Y;double Z; RevPoint;struct TagTriangularRevPoint P1;RevPoint P2;RevPoint P3;Triangular;9.5 結構資料與函數(shù)struct TagScoreint math;int english;int computer;score;score hung;sum(hung.math);第十章 字串剖析/*CString strFile1= "C:TempRevTemp1.M

28、EA"/*CString tiger;int m_Num;int dog=0;if(dog=0)tiger.Format(" 請選取座標固定組之第 %d參考值.",m_Num+2);elsetiger.Format(" Please select the %d nd(rd) reference sphere on the cloud data with fixed coordinate.",m_Num+2);AfxMessageBox(tiger);/*char Temp128;fp7=fopen(strFile1,"r")

29、;int OldCurName;while(fscanf(fp7,"%s",Temp)!=EOF)OldCurName=atoi(Temp);for(int i=0;I<OldCurNmae;I+). . ./*FILE *fp;char Temp128; int Order,PtNum,i;/ 開啟CUR曲線資料檔if(fp=fopen(strFile2,"r")=NULL)CString dog;dog.Format("開啟檔案 %s 失敗!",strFile2);AfxMessageBox(dog);return;if(f

30、scanf(fp,"%s",Temp)=EOF) / "u_degree"/* cstrTemp=fPath.Right(4); if(cstrTemp.Mid(0,1)!=".") OnFileSaveAs(); return; ;Cstring cstrTemp;cstrTemp.MakeUpper();/*/cstrTemp2=cstrTemp2.Mid(temp+1),(temp2-1); /File Name/cstrTemp3=cstrTemp2.Mid(0,(temp3-1); /File Title輸出格式:Cstri

31、ng o2;fprintf(fp,”%s”,o2);fprintf(fp,”%10s”,o2);fprintf(fp,”%-10s”,o2);補充:函數(shù)範例/ */ 向量外積/ */ PResult=Pt1xPt2/ *void CrossProduct(RevPoint& Pt1, RevPoint& Pt2, RevPoint& PResult)/2000/11/25 RevPoint dog; double length; / 考慮Pt1與PResult有可能是同一點,要分開做 dog.X=Pt1.Y*Pt2.Z-Pt1.Z*Pt2.Y; dog.Y=Pt1.Z*

32、Pt2.X-Pt1.X*Pt2.Z; dog.Z=Pt1.X*Pt2.Y-Pt1.Y*Pt2.X; length=sqrt(dog.X*dog.X+dog.Y*dog.Y+dog.Z*dog.Z); if(length!=0) /2001/03/14 PResult.X=dog.X/length;PResult.Y=dog.Y/length;PResult.Z=dog.Z/length; else PResult.X=0;PResult.Y=0;PResult.Z=0; ;/ */ 直線單位向量 2001/02/19 JY/ */ PResult=ABS(Pt2-Pt1)/ *double LineNormal(RevPoint& Pt1, RevPoint& Pt2, RevPoint& PUnitNormal) RevPoint dog; double length; dog.X=Pt2.X-Pt1.X; dog.Y=Pt2.Y-Pt1.Y; dog.Z=Pt2.Z-Pt1.Z; length=sqrt(dog.X*dog.X+dog.Y*dog.Y+dog.Z*dog.Z); if(length!=0) PUnitNormal.X=dog.X/length; PUnitNormal.Y=dog.Y/length; PUnitNormal.Z=dog.