狀語從句語法講解(共6頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上高中英語狀語從句一、 定義：在句中作狀語的從句是狀語從句,修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞等.狀語從句由從屬連詞引導,從屬連詞在句中不充當句子成分,只起連接作用,狀語從句放在句首時,要用逗號,放在句尾時不用.二、 分類根據(jù)意義上的不同,狀語從句可分為：時間狀語從句 地點狀語從句 原因狀語從句目的狀語從句 條件狀語從句 結果狀語從句讓步狀語從句 方式狀語從句 比較狀語從句三、 時間狀語從句主句是一般將來時,時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來；主句是過去將來時,從句用一般過去時表示過去將來時；主句是一般過去時,從句用一般過去時.記憶：“主將從現(xiàn)”（一）引導時間狀語從句的連詞有：

2、As, when (whenever), before, after, as soon as, until (till), since, every time, once. （二）、 具體應用1）“while” 主、從句動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生.用while引導的從句用延續(xù)性動詞,常表示較長的時間或一個過程.記憶：While 后用進行時.While we were having supper, all the lights went out.Please keep quiet while others are studying.While I was writing letters las

3、t night, he was watching TV. 2）When表示“就在的時候”, while意為反而,可是,表示轉折.One evening Beethoven was walking in a street, when he suddenly stopped outside a little house.3） Whenever 無論什么時候,隨時1. Whenever someone throws in some rubbish, the truck produces a piece of music.每當有人扔進一些垃圾時,它（汽車）就放一段音樂.2. Whenever were

4、 in trouble, they will help us.3. I go to the theatre, whenever I am free.4. Come and see me whenever you want to.你隨時來看我.4） till和until(表示“直到”)句首多用until1、在肯定句中表示“直到為止”,主句謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞.I was waiting until/till he arrived.2、在否定句中表示“直到才”主句謂語動詞常用終止性動詞,這時until和till常被before替換.I didn' t leave till/until s

5、he came back.5） since: 主句用完成時,從句用一般過去時,since引導的從句間或可用現(xiàn)在完成時.It is two years since I have studied English.1. We have known each other since we were children.2. We have been friends (ever since) since we met at school.3. It is (一段時間)+since+一般過去時態(tài)句子.It is two years since my sister married.(一段時間) have/ha

6、s passed since +一般過去時態(tài)句子Two sisters have/has passed since my sister married.Since+時間點1. I have been at home since three o' clock this afternoon.2. Maria has been in China since two years ago.6）Every time, each time, next timeEvery time you get back at night, you drop your boots on the floor.Ever

7、y time I catch cold, I have pain in my back.Next time I go there, I will visit them.7）once 一旦就Once you begin, you must go on. 你一開了頭,就應該繼續(xù)下去.四、 地點狀語從句地點狀語從句用where, wherever引導We should go where the people need us.我們應該去人民需要我們的地方.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成.Wherever they went, they rec

8、eived a worm welcome.無論他們走到哪兒都受到熱烈歡迎.She follow him whose he goes. 他無論到哪里她總跟著.五、 原因狀語從句原因狀語從句用because(因為),since(既然), as(由于)引導1、 字母由多到少,語氣由強到弱.2、 由why提問必須用because回答.Since, as不回答why的提問,而且從句一般放在句首,because一般放在主句之后.3、 before of +名詞Because of the rain, we didn' t go to the park.4、 because 和so不可連用,只能選其

9、一.（另有although, but）Why didn' t he come to school? Because he was ill.Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死,我一定這樣做.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give John a Chance.5、 for并列連詞,不能放在句首,主要放在兩個并列句之間.For所提供的理由為一個補充說明,而且前面常有逗號隔開.The days we short, for it is December now.六、

10、目的狀語從句目的狀語從句用so(常用于口語), that, so that, in order that引導目的狀語從句的謂語常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情態(tài)動詞.1. We'll sit never to the front so we can hear well.2. He studied hard so that he might succeed.3. I'll speak slowly so that you can take notes. 4. They hurried to the station in

11、 order that they could catch the train.5. I took a taxi so that I could get there earlier.6. Im going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.七、 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句由if, unless, (so) as long as(只需)引導在條件狀語從句中要用一般時表示將來時（與時間狀語從句相同）We will miss the train if you don' t hurry.He said we would miss

12、the train if we didn't hurry.You will fail the exam unless you study hard. = (if you dont study hard) He wont come unless he is invited. = (if he isn't invited) Eat less food unless you want to become fatter. = (if you dont want to become better) As long as you

13、are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed.As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.八、 結果狀語從句結果狀語從句由suchthat, so.that, so that, that 引導1. Such that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatsuch +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatSuch+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)（不可數(shù)名詞）+that注意so many (much, few, little) +名詞,such a lot o

14、f (或lots of)+名詞是慣用法,不可亂用.She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.2. so+形容詞或副詞+thatso+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatHe is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.He works so hard that he did e

15、verything well.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.3.so that, that都可以引導結果狀語從句He didn't study hard, (so) that he failed the exam.4. Tooto, enoughto 可以引導結果狀語從句與sothat 替換,sothat結構可以用tooto替換必須具備兩個條件,一是主句和結果狀語從句的主語必須一致,二是從句中的謂語部分必須含有can (coul

16、d) not.She is young that she cant go to school.She is too young to go to school.She isn't old enough to go to school.九、 讓步狀語從句although, thougheven though = even if, whetherorhowever = no matter howwhatever = no matter whatwhoever = no matter whowhenever = no matter whenwherever = no matter where

17、*although和though都表示“雖然”只是although 更正式,多用于句首,而though用于句中,二者都可與yet, still連用,但不與but連用Although/Though they are poor, they often help others.They are poor, but they often help others.Although he has failed many times, he doesn' t give up trying.Whatever/No matter what you say, I won' t believe yo

18、u.No matter what you say, I don' t care.No matter who you are, you must obey the rules of our school.However hard he tried, he failed again.No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out riding the waves.十、 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句由as(如同,按照),as if (though)引導*as和like都有“像”的意思,as是連詞,后面連接句子

19、,like是介詞后面可加名詞、代詞或名詞性短語.I did the work as others did. 相當于 I did like others.You must do as I do.as if(though)兩者意義相同,從句謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,但實現(xiàn)可能性較大,則用連接詞.It seems as if/though its going to rain.They are talking as if/though they were old friends.She treats me as if I were her brother.When you are in home,do a

20、s the Romans do.例 You must do _ I told you.A. after B. before C. where D. as (D)The students must do _ the teacher told them.A. as B. before C. after D. if (A)十一、比較狀語從句比較狀語從句由asas, not as(so)as, than, the+比較級,the+比較級引導He swims as well as you. (do)He doesn' t swim as well as you (do).He got here

21、earlier than you. (did)The busier he is, the happier he feels. 英語語法狀語從句類型綜述狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語.一般可分為九大類,分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較和方式.盡管種類較多,但由于狀語從句與漢語結構和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不難.狀語從句的關鍵是要掌握引導不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點.現(xiàn)分別列舉如下: 1時間狀語從句常用引導詞：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, u

22、ntil 特殊引導詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from

23、 the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2地點狀語從句常用引導詞：where 特殊引導詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherev

24、er you go, you should work hard. 3原因狀語從句常用引導詞：because, since, as, since 特殊引導詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference

25、. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. 4目的狀語從句常用引導詞：so that, in order that 特殊引導詞：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose

26、 that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5結果狀語從句常用引導詞：so that, so that, such that,特殊引導詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent

27、 that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such an degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night. 6條件狀語從句常用引導詞：if, unless, 特殊引導詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose th

28、at, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 7讓步狀語從句常用引導詞：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引導詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while (