浙江省溫州市高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題

絕密★啟用前溫州市普通高中2024屆高三第二次適應(yīng)性考試英語試題卷2024年3月注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahotel.B.Atthecustoms.C.Inamuseum.2.Fromwheredidthewomangettoknowaboutthejob?A.Anewspaper.B.Anoticeboard.C.Anemploymentagency.3.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Seekinghelp.B.Givingadvice.C.Makingaplaint.4.Whatdoesthemanuseashispassword?A.Hismajor.B.Hisgirlfriend’sname.C.Hisputerbrand.5.Whatisthemanencouragedtodointheconversation?A.Makeacall.B.Enterarace.C.Openashop.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatmightbetherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Friends.C.Businesspartners.7.Whydoesthewomancall?A.Toscheduleanevent.B.Todiscussaproposal.C.Tomakeanappointment.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatdoesthewomanplainabout?A.Thebill.B.Thefood.C.Theservice.9.Whatcanweknowaboutthespaghetti?A.Ithasn’teyet.B.Ithasapoortaste.C.Itischargedextra.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whatistheman?A.Ahost.B.Abusinessman.C.Areporter.11.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthecafemarket?A.Itlacksdiversity.B.It’shighlyprofitable.C.It’sfullofopportunities.12.WhatdoestheParisianCafeprovide?A.Auniquecoffeeflavor.B.Interestinginteractions.C.Afamilyatmosphere.13.WhatisknownabouttherabbitsintheParisianCafe?A.Theyfeedoncoffeebeans.B.Theyaremorepeacefulthancats.C.Theyposenorisktocustomers’health.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Academicperformance.B.Schoolapplication.C.Careerplanning.15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewoman’ssontofocuson?A.Socialactivities.B.Personalinterests.C.Overallability.16.Whatisrequiredintheimportantessay?A.Anoutlookforfuturecareers.B.Plansforscientificexperiments.C.Developmentofsocialprograms.17.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthetalk?A.Timeconsuming.B.Confusing.C.Informative.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatisMayrecognizedasinAmerica?A.Afoodfestival.B.Ashoppingseason.C.Acelebratingmonth.19.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAsianAmericansfromthespeaker?A.Theyaregrowingrapidly.B.TheyworkandliveinChinatown.C.TheycontributealottoAmericanliterature.20.WhatwillpeopledoinAsianAmericanandPacificIslanderMonth?A.Shopforfoodonsale.B.TasteAsianspecialties.C.Conductapoliticalelection.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AArtGalleryofNSW(NewSouthWales)ExhibitionLouiseBourgeois:HastheDayInvadedtheNightorHastheNightInvadedtheDay?25November202328April2024Dayandnight,loveandrage,calmandchaos.EnteraworldofemotionalextremesinthisexhibitionoftheartofLouiseBourgeois,oneofthemostinfluentialartistsofthepastcentury.BorninParisin1911andlivingandworkinginNewYorkuntilherdeathin2010,Bourgeoisiswellknownforherfearlessexplorationofhumanrelationshipsacrossasevendecadecareer.LouiseBourgeois:HastheDayInvadedtheNightorHastheNightInvadedtheDay?revealstheextraordinaryreachandintensityofBourgeois’art,fromunforgettablesculpturesofthe1940stohertoughyettenderweavingworksofthe1990sand2000s.Italsorevealsthepsychologicaltensionsthatpoweredhersearch,throughadramaticpresentationintwocontrastingexhibitionspaces.Movingfromthewelllitroomsof“Day”tothedarkenedareaof“Night”,viewerswillencountermorethan120works,includingmanyneverseenbeforeinAustralia.Ticketscanbebookedonlineviatheexhibitionoreventpageonourwebsite,orinpersonattheweledeskattheArtGallery.Ticketscannotbeexchanged,butifsomethingunexpectedhappensthatpreventsyoufromattending,youcanchangethedateofyourreservationinyourconfirmationemail.1.WhatdoweknowaboutLouiseBourgeois?A.Herartisconservative. B.Shewasanemotionalartist.C.ShewasraisedinParis. D.Herartexploreshumanrelationships.2.Whatdoestheexhibitionfeature?A.Variousthemes. B.Contrastinglayout.C.Intensivecolors. D.Extraordinarypaintings.3.Whatcanyoudoifyoucan’tattendtheexhibition?A.Reschedulethedate. B.Cancelthebooking.CClaimthemoneyback. D.Exchangetheevent.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章詳細(xì)介紹了即將在新南威爾士州藝術(shù)畫廊舉行的路易斯·布爾喬亞藝術(shù)展覽的相關(guān)信息，包括展覽的主題、展期、藝術(shù)家介紹、展覽內(nèi)容以及門票預(yù)訂方式等?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“BorninParisin1911andlivingandworkinginNewYorkuntilherdeathin2010,Bourgeoisiswellknownforherfearlessexplorationofhumanrelationshipsacrossasevendecadecareer.(Bourgeois1911年出生于巴黎，在紐約生活和工作，直到2010年去世。在她70年的職業(yè)生涯中，她以對(duì)人際關(guān)系的大膽探索而聞名。)”和第二段“Italsorevealsthepsychologicaltensionsthatpoweredhersearch,throughadramaticpresentationintwocontrastingexhibitionspaces.(通過兩個(gè)對(duì)比鮮明的展覽空間的戲劇性展示，它也揭示了推動(dòng)她探索的心理緊張。)”可推斷，Bourgeois的藝術(shù)展示了她對(duì)人際關(guān)系的探索。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Italsorevealsthepsychologicaltensionsthatpoweredhersearch,throughadramaticpresentationintwocontrastingexhibitionspaces.Movingfromthewelllitroomsof“Day”tothedarkenedareaof“Night”,viewerswillencountermorethan120works,includingmanyneverseenbeforeinAustralia.(通過兩個(gè)對(duì)比鮮明的展覽空間的戲劇性展示，它也揭示了推動(dòng)她探索的心理緊張。從“白天”的明亮房間到“夜晚”的黑暗區(qū)域，觀眾將看到120多件作品，其中包括許多在澳大利亞從未見過的作品。)”可知，本次展覽在布局上采用了對(duì)比的設(shè)計(jì)，即“白天”和“夜晚”兩個(gè)不同主題的展區(qū)，形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。這種對(duì)比布局不僅有助于展示藝術(shù)家作品的多樣性，還能夠凸顯出作品之間的張力和沖突，從而增強(qiáng)觀眾的觀展體驗(yàn)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ticketscannotbeexchanged,butifsomethingunexpectedhappensthatpreventsyoufromattending,youcanchangethedateofyourreservationinyourconfirmationemail.(門票不能交換，但如果發(fā)生意外事件使您無法參加，您可以在確認(rèn)郵件中更改預(yù)訂日期。)”可知，如果訂票后不能參加展覽會(huì)，我們可以更改時(shí)間。故選A。BDoIthinktheskyisfalling?Sortof.MyhusbandandIwererecentlyinEgypt,wherethetemperaturewasabitwarmformytinyprincessself.So,weleftEgypt.Backhome,mydearestfriendsstruggledwithhealthstuff,withfamilycraziness...Thegameoflifeishard,andalotofusareplayinghurt.IachefortheworldbutnaturallyI’mmostlywatchingtheMeMoviewherebalanceandstrengtharebeginningtofail.Whatcanwedoasthecreakingelevatorofageslowlyarrive?Themainsolutionistogetoutsideeveryday,ideallywithfriends.Oldfriends—eventhoughtsofthem—aremyfort.RecentlyIwaswalkingalongabeachwithNeshama.Wegoback50years.Sheis84,shortandstrong.Everysooften,shebentdownsomewhattentatively(躊躇地)andpickedupsmallitemsintoasmallclothbag.“Whatareyoudoing?”“I’mpickingupmicrolitter.ItrytohelpwhereIcan.”Iremindedherofanoldstory.Agreatwarhorseesuponatinysparrow(麻雀)lyingonitsbackwithitsfeetintheair,eyestightlyshutwitheffort.Thehorseasksitwhatit’sdoing.“I’mtryingtohelpholdbackthedarkness.”Thehorselaughsloudly,“Thatissofunny.Whatdoyouweigh?”Andthesparrowreplies,“Onedoeswhatonecan.”Thisiswhatolderagemeans.Wedowhatwecan.Wecontinuedourwalk.Neshamabenttentativelytopickupbitsoflitterandstartedtoslip,butIcaughtherandwelaughed.Wearesophysicallyvulnerableinolderage,butfriendshipmakesitallarowingmachineforthesoul.Wecantakeit,aslongaswefeelandgivelove,andlaughgentlyatourselvesaswefallapart.Weknowbyacertainagethegreatlieinourlife—ifyoudoorachievethisorthat,youwillbehappyandrich.No.Loveandservicemakeusrich.4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutherpresentlife?A.Sheleadsabalancedlife. B.Sheenjoysmeetingoldfriends.C.Sheisreallyintomovies. D.Shestruggleswithfamilycrises.5.Whydidtheauthormentionthesparrow?A.ToconfirmNeshama’sfear. B.Toofferherfort.C.TochangeNeshama’smind. D.Toshowherapproval.6.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Physicalweakness. B.Thegreatlie.C.Therowingmachine. D.Thebrokensoul.7.Whatlargelydetermineshappinessinolderageaccordingtotheauthor?A.Achievingimportantlifegoals. B.Enjoyinglifeasyoucan.C.Livingalifeofloveandservice. D.Lovingwhatisbeingdone.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要描述了作者和丈夫在埃及的經(jīng)歷、與老朋友在海灘上散步的情景，以及通過講述馬和麻雀的故事來表達(dá)自己對(duì)生活、友情、年齡和努力的看法，強(qiáng)調(diào)友情、愛和服務(wù)的力量超越物質(zhì)追求?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Whatcanwedoasthecreakingelevatorofageslowlyarrive?Themainsolutionistogetoutsideeveryday,ideallywithfriends.Oldfriends—eventhoughtsofthem—aremyfort.(隨著年齡的電梯慢慢到來，我們能做些什么呢？主要的解決辦法是每天出去走走，最好是和朋友一起。老朋友——哪怕只是想起他們——都是我的安慰。)”可知，作者煩惱的時(shí)候就想和朋友一起。由此可知，作者喜歡和老朋友見面。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Andthesparrowreplies,“Onedoeswhatonecan.”(麻雀回答說：“做自己能做的事。”)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Thisiswhatolderagemeans.Wedowhatwecan.(這就是老年的含義。我們做我們能做的。)”可推測出，作者提到麻雀的故事是為了表達(dá)作者對(duì)于麻雀行為的贊同，作者認(rèn)為我們做自己能做的就可以了。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上一句“Wearesophysicallyvulnerableinolderage,butfriendshipmakesitallarowingmachineforthesoul.(上了年紀(jì)，我們的身體是如此脆弱，但友誼使它成為靈魂的劃船機(jī)。)”可知，劃線單詞“it”所指的是上了年紀(jì)后，我們的身體會(huì)脆弱。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Weknowbyacertainagethegreatlieinourlife—ifyoudoorachievethisorthat,youwillbehappyandrich.No.Loveandservicemakeusrich.(到了一定的年齡，我們就會(huì)知道生活中最大的謊言——如果你做到了或?qū)崿F(xiàn)了這個(gè)或那個(gè)，你就會(huì)快樂和富有。不。愛和服務(wù)使我們富有。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為幸福不是通過實(shí)現(xiàn)重要的人生目標(biāo)獲得的，而是通過愛和服務(wù)的生活方式來獲得的。故選C。CBonobosoftenformfriendlyrelationshipswithotherbonobosinseparatesocialgroups—thefirsttimethishasbeenseeninnonhumanprimates(靈長類).Thisisinlinewithhumans,butincontrasttochimpanzees,anotherprimate,whichfrequentlykillchimpsinothergroups.Thefindingschallengetheideathathumansevolved(進(jìn)化)fromviolentapes,saysSurbeckatHarvardUniversity.“Thispotentialtoformcooperativelinksbetweendifferentgroupsisnotuniquelyhumananditmighthaveoccurredearlierthanwethought,”hesays.Manyanimalscooperate,buttheyseemtodosoonlywiththosewithintheirsocialcircle,oringroup.Hostile(敵對(duì)的)interactionsbetweengroupsaremonamonganimals,includingchimpanzees,soscientistshaveoftenassumedthathostilitytowardsothersocialgroupsinhumansisnatural,saysSamuni,alsoatHarvard.However,humansalsooftencooperatewithpeopleindifferentsocialcircles,forexample,bytradingorteaching.Bonobosareoneofourclosestlivingrelatives.Theyarelessstudiedthanchimpanzees,butareknowntobemorepeaceful,saysSurbeck.Tolearnmoreaboutinteractionsbetweengroups,SurbeckandSamuniobserved31adultbonobosfromtwosocialgroupsinCongooveratwoyearperiod.Thepairdocumented95encountersbetweenthegroups,whichrepresentedabout20%oftheirtotalobservationtime.Unlikechimpanzeesobservedinpreviousstudies,theyshowedcooperationwithoutgroupmembers.Infact,10%ofallmutualgrooming(梳毛)and6%ofallfoodsharingoccurredamongmembersofdifferentsocialgroups.Whilebonobosthatgroomedothersusuallygotanimmediatebenefit,foodsharingrarelyresultedinagiftinreturn.Thissuggeststhattheiractionswere“notjustmotivatedbyselfishinterestsorimmediaterewards”,SurbeckandSamunireport.Otten,aresearcherfromtheNetherlands,findsthestudy“exciting”,especiallyasit“challengestheideaofhumanexceptionalism”withregardtooutgroupcooperation.Ottensaysthebonobosthatweremostcooperativewithintheirgroupswerethesameonesthatcooperatedmorewithoutgroupmembers.Thisagreeswithfindingsfromhumans.“Scholarsusedtobelievethatingroup‘love’goestogetherwithoutgroup‘hate’,butrecentresearchsuggeststhatofteningroupcooperatorsarealsooutgroupcooperators,”hesays.8.Whatisthefocusofthestudyonbonobos?ATheirsocialbehavior. B.Theirsurvivalskills.C.Theirevolutionaryprocess. D.Theirintelligencelevel.9.Whatcanbelearntaboutthebonobos?A.Theyarehumans’closestrelatives. B.Theycanbetaughttocooperate.C.Theyinteractfriendlybeyondgroups. D.Theysharefoodforimmediaterewards.10.Howwasthestudyconducted?A.Byparingdifferentprimates. B.Byobservingbonobos’interactions.C.Bylistinggroupmembers’motivations. D.Byanalysingstatisticsofpreviousstudies.11.HowdoesOttenfindthestudy?A.Forwardlooking. B.Groundbreaking.C.Controversial. D.Onesided.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人類對(duì)倭黑猩猩的社交行為的研究?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Tolearnmoreaboutinteractionsbetweengroups,SurbeckandSamuniobserved31adultbonobosfromtwosocialgroupsinCongooveratwoyearperiod.(為了更多地了解群體之間的互動(dòng)，蘇貝克和薩穆尼在兩年的時(shí)間里觀察了來自剛果兩個(gè)社會(huì)群體的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，倭黑猩猩的研究重點(diǎn)是他們的社交行為。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Unlikechimpanzeesobservedinpreviousstudies,theyshowedcooperationwithoutgroupmembers.Infact,10%ofallmutualgroomingand6%ofallfoodsharingoccurredamongmembersofdifferentsocialgroups.(與之前的研究中觀察到的黑猩猩不同，它們表現(xiàn)出與群體外成員的合作。事實(shí)上，10%的相互梳理和6%的食物分享發(fā)生在不同社會(huì)群體的成員之間。)”可知，倭黑猩猩在團(tuán)體之外進(jìn)行友好的互動(dòng)。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Tolearnmoreaboutinteractionsbetweengroups,SurbeckandSamuniobserved31adultbonobosfromtwosocialgroupsinCongooveratwoyearperiod.(為了更多地了解群體之間的互動(dòng)，蘇貝克和薩穆尼在兩年的時(shí)間里觀察了來自剛果兩個(gè)社會(huì)群體的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究是通過觀察倭黑猩猩的互動(dòng)進(jìn)行。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Otten,aresearcherfromtheNetherlands,findsthestudy“exciting”,especiallyasit“challengestheideaofhumanexceptionalism”withregardtooutgroupcooperation.Ottensaysthebonobosthatweremostcooperativewithintheirgroupswerethesameonesthatcooperatedmorewithoutgroupmembers.Thisagreeswithfindingsfromhumans.“Scholarsusedtobelievethatingroup‘love’goestogetherwithoutgroup‘hate’,butrecentresearchsuggeststhatofteningroupcooperatorsarealsooutgroupcooperators,”hesays.(來自荷蘭的研究人員Otten認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究“令人興奮”，特別是因?yàn)樗谌后w外合作方面“挑戰(zhàn)了人類例外論的觀點(diǎn)”。Otten說，在群體內(nèi)最合作的倭黑猩猩與群體外成員合作得更多。這與人類的研究結(jié)果一致。他說:“學(xué)者們過去認(rèn)為，群體內(nèi)的‘愛’與群體外的‘恨’相伴而生，但最近的研究表明，群體內(nèi)的合作者往往也是群體外的合作者?！?”可知，Otten認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究是開創(chuàng)性的。故選B。DStudieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanismthathelpsussustainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbeexhausting.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfrompanieswe’vegotusedto.Thatiswhypaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancepaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliaroptionsasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntopaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.It’seasytopaintthefamiliarityprincipleasanenemyorsomethingtobattleasifitissomethingthatholdsusbackfromlivingourdreams.Butthisattitudemightbeoverwhelmingbecauseittendstoencourageustowardbigpicturethinking.Whereweimaginethatchangerequiresasubstantialdramaticswingthatwedon’tfeelreadyfor.Somearticlessuggestthesolutiontofamiliarityfrustrationispleteexposuretonovelty.Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.Sowhatifwecanworkwiththefamiliarityprincipleinstead?Familiarityissomethingwecanlearntoplaywithandenjoy.Itisasettingforcreativityandapathwaytoexpansion.Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourlivestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromaneverdeepeningpoolofvaluableoptions.12.Whatallowsinsurancepaniestochargeoldcustomersmore?A.Theimprovedservice. B.Theadvertisingcost.C.Thefamiliarityprinciple. D.Thelawofthemarket.13Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A.Ourpreferencesaffectourdecisions.B.Familiaritytendstogeneratedisrespect.C.Thefamiliarityprincipleisadoubleedgedsword.D.Therecanbeamismatchbetweendesiresandactions.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthesolutioninsomearticles?A.Disapproving. B.Tolerant. C.Objective. D.Reserved.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.StepOutOfYourFamiliarityZone B.SpareAThoughtForYourPreferenceC.GentlyExpandYourFamiliarityZone D.GivePriorityToTheMereExposureEffect【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了熟悉性原則對(duì)我們決策的影響，并提出了一種平衡的觀點(diǎn)來看待這個(gè)原則，而不是將其視為阻礙，作者建議我們可以通過逐步擴(kuò)展熟悉區(qū)域來利用這一原則來促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造性和成長?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanismthathelpsussustainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbeexhausting.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfrompanieswe'vegotusedto.Thatiswhypaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancepaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.(研究表明，單純的暴露效應(yīng)，也被稱為熟悉原則，會(huì)激發(fā)我們的決定。這是一種有益的心理機(jī)制，可以幫助我們保持精力充沛，并將注意力集中在其他事情上。習(xí)慣新事物需要努力，而且可能會(huì)讓人筋疲力盡。因此，除非我們有糟糕的經(jīng)歷，否則我們很可能會(huì)從我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣的公司購買股票。這就是為什么公司在廣告和營銷上花那么多錢，為什么保險(xiǎn)公司公開向現(xiàn)有客戶收取比新客戶更高的費(fèi)用。)”可知，熟悉原則讓保險(xiǎn)公司向老客戶收取更多費(fèi)用。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliaroptionsasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntopaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.(這并不是說我們只想要已知的東西。一些研究表明，當(dāng)被邀請(qǐng)分享我們的偏好時(shí)，我們有時(shí)會(huì)認(rèn)為不太熟悉的選擇更可取。但當(dāng)我們按照這種偏好行事時(shí)，我們又回到了我們所知道的。這也許可以解釋為什么有時(shí)候我們想要的和我們做的并不完全匹配。我們甚至可能回到過去對(duì)我們不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的關(guān)系。)”可知，本段解釋了為什么有時(shí)候我們想要的和我們做的并不完全匹配，也就是說有時(shí)候我們的欲望和行動(dòng)可能不匹配。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.(雖然這在短期內(nèi)看起來是有效的，但我們最終可能只是用一個(gè)問題代替另一個(gè)問題。它也有讓人不堪重負(fù)和精疲力竭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，這段話表明作者對(duì)文章中提出的解決方案持反對(duì)態(tài)度，認(rèn)為這種解決方案可能只是暫時(shí)有效，而且可能帶來新的問題和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，作者的態(tài)度是反對(duì)的。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanismthathelpsussustainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbeexhausting.(研究表明，單純的暴露效應(yīng)，也被稱為熟悉原則，會(huì)激發(fā)我們的決定。這是一種有益的心理機(jī)制，可以幫助我們保持精力充沛，并將注意力集中在其他事情上。習(xí)慣新事物需要努力，而且可能會(huì)讓人筋疲力盡。)”以及最后一段“Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourlivestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromaneverdeepeningpoolofvaluableoptions.(我們可以一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地?cái)U(kuò)大熟悉的范圍。如果我們認(rèn)為熟悉是一種可以擴(kuò)展的東西，我們可以考慮改變我們生活中的環(huán)境，為我們的喜好提供更多的空間，讓它生根發(fā)芽。從這里開始，我們將從越來越多的有價(jià)值的選擇中做出決定。)”可知，文章主要討論了熟悉性原則對(duì)我們決策的影響，以及如何利用這一原則進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新和拓展。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了我們可以逐步擴(kuò)大熟悉的范圍，通過改變生活中的條件，為我們的偏好提供更多的空間，使其能夠生根并溫和地成長。因此，選項(xiàng)C“GentlyExpandYourFamiliarityZone”最能概括文章的主題，即鼓勵(lì)讀者在保持熟悉感的同時(shí)，逐漸擴(kuò)展自己的舒適區(qū)。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoPlotaShortStoryAgreatshortstorydropsthereaderintoitsworldswiftlyandholdstheirattentionallthewaythrough.____16____Itcanbeassimpleasknowingafewkeymomentsyouwanttoworkyourwaytoward.You’llwindupwiththingsyouneverimaginedatthestart.Followthesestepstoplotyournextstory.Brainstorm.Youdon’tneedtohavemultipleshortstoryideasreadytogoatamoment’snotice.____17____Whenthatideaestoyou,sitdownandfleshitout.Makenoteofanycharacters,settings,orbitsofdialoguethatyousee.____18____Thefoundationsofyourmainconflictorthemeoftenformashortstory’srisingaction.Tocreatetensionandmovement,youmustknowexactlywhatyourcharacterwantsandwhatwouldpreventthemfromgettingit.Conflictscanbeinternalorexternal,soimagineatwhatstagethereaderwillbemeetingyourcharacter.Createabriefoutline.Sketchout(草擬)theflowofeventsyourshortstorywillcontain,includinginteractionsbetweencharactersandkeymoments.Writedownidentifyingcharacteristics.Butwhenitestodrafting,pickyourmomentsofbackstorycarefully.____19____Pickapointofview.Manyshortstoriesworkwellinfirstpersonbecauseoftheirbrevity(簡潔).____20____Ifyourstoryneedstobetoldinsecondpersonorthirdperson,thatworks,too.RegardlessofwhichPOVyouchoose,it’susuallybesttocenterthatnarrativearoundonemaincharactertoensureaconsistentreadonthesituationathand.A.Selecttherightcharacter.B.Writeoutthecentralconflict.C.Allyouneedisonesolidconcept.D.Butthere’snohardandfastrulesayingyoursmust.E.Shortstoriesallowthefreedomtoexperimentbecauseoftheirfreestyle.F.Plottingashortstorydoesn’thavetoinvolveadetailedlistofplotpoints.G.Tomakethecut,apieceofinformationmustcontributetothestory’scentralevents.【答案】16.F17.C18.B19.G20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了策劃短篇故事情節(jié)的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Agreatshortstorydropsthereaderintoitsworldswiftlyandholdstheirattentionallthewaythrough.(一個(gè)好的短篇故事會(huì)讓讀者迅速進(jìn)入它的世界，并始終吸引他們的注意力)”說明一個(gè)好的短篇故事需要快速吸引讀者并保持其注意力，以及下文“Itcanbeassimpleasknowingafewkeymomentsyouwanttoworkyourwaytoward.(它可以很簡單，只要知道你想要努力實(shí)現(xiàn)的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻)”說明短篇故事的情節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)可以很簡單，只需要知道幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“策劃一個(gè)短篇故事不一定要列出詳細(xì)的情節(jié)要點(diǎn)?！狈仙舷挛倪壿?，起到了承上啟下的作用。故選F?！?7題詳解】上文“Youdon’tneedtohavemultipleshortstoryideasreadytogoatamoment'snotice.(你不需要在一瞬間就準(zhǔn)備好多個(gè)短篇故事的想法)”以及下文“Whenthatideaestoyou,sitdownandfleshitout.(當(dāng)你想到這個(gè)想法時(shí)，坐下來把它充實(shí)起來)”說明寫短篇故事不需要隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好多個(gè)故事想法，只要有想法出現(xiàn)就可以坐下來充實(shí)它，C項(xiàng)“你所需要的只是一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)的概念?！迸c上下文語境相符，符合題意。故選C?！?8題詳解】下文“Thefoundationsofyourmainconflictorthemeoftenformashortstory’srisingaction.(你的主要沖突或主題的基礎(chǔ)通常構(gòu)成短篇故事的上升情節(jié))”說明本段談?wù)摰氖嵌唐适碌闹饕獩_突或主題，B項(xiàng)“寫出中心沖突?！币鱿挛膬?nèi)容，適合作為段落標(biāo)題句。故選B?！?9題詳解】上文“Butwhenitestodrafting,pickyourmomentsofbackstorycarefully.(但當(dāng)涉及到起草時(shí)，請(qǐng)仔細(xì)選擇你的背景故事)”說明在創(chuàng)作過程中要精心挑選背景故事的內(nèi)容，G項(xiàng)“為了切入，一條信息必須對(duì)故事的核心事件有所貢獻(xiàn)?！边M(jìn)一步說明了如何選擇合適的信息和背景，確保它們能夠推動(dòng)情節(jié)發(fā)展。故選G。【20題詳解】上文“Manyshortstoriesworkwellinfirstpersonbecauseoftheirbrevity(簡潔).(許多短篇故事以第一人稱寫得很好，因?yàn)樗鼈兊暮啙?”說明很多短篇故事由于其簡潔性，以第一人稱敘述效果很好，以及下文“Ifyourstoryneedstobetoldinsecondpersonorthirdperson,thatworks,too.(如果你的故事需要用第二人稱或第三人稱講述，那也行)”說明如果故事需要以第二人稱或第三人稱講述也是可行的，D項(xiàng)“但沒有硬性規(guī)定你必須這樣做?！闭f明盡管第一人稱常用且有效，但并不是唯一的選擇，呼應(yīng)了下文內(nèi)容。故選D。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhatIwillbehosting,tobeexact,isaseriesofmeditationretreats(冥想靜修)tobeheldthisspring.Duringeachretreat,aboutahundred____21____willeherefromallovertheworldforaperiodofaweektotendaystodeepentheirmeditationpractices.Someofthemare____22____,butmanyhaveneverbeentoIndia.Myroleistotakecareofthesepeopleduringtheir____23____here.Formostoftheretreat,theparticipantswillbein____24____.Forsomeofthem,itwillbethefirsttimethey’ve____25____silenceasadevotionalpractice,anditcanbeintense.However,Iwillbetheonepersontheyare____26____totalktoifsomethingisgoingwrong.Icanhelpthem.Iamso____27____tohelp.AllthelisteningskillsIlearnedasa(n)____28____bartender,alltheantennas(直覺)I’veeverdevelopedthroughoutmylifetimethathavetaughtmehowto____29____whatpeoplearefeeling—theywereallaccumulated_____30_____Icouldhelpeasethesegoodpeopleintothedifficulttaskthey’ve_____31_____.Iamsoconsumedby_____32_____attheirbravery.Thesepeoplehave_____33_____theirfamiliesandlivesforafewweekstogointosilentretreatwithacrowdofperfect_____34_____inIndia.Noteverybodydoesthisintheir_____35_____.21.A.employees B.retirees C.interviewees D.devotees22.A.passersby B.oldtimes C.troublemakers D.peacelovers23.A.work B.stay C.tour D.lecture24.A.doubt B.memory C.silence D.surprise25.A.treated B.interpreted C.described D.experienced26.A.manded B.reminded C.forced D.allowed27.A.equipped B.moved C.wanted D.motivated28.A.talkative B.sympathetic C.aggressive D.innocent29.A.read B.record C.express D.reveal30.A.sothat B.nowthat C.incase D.evenif31.A.putaside B.takenon C.turneddown D.gotover32.A.guilt B.satisfaction C.wonder D.embarrassment33.A.contributedto B.reliedon C.leftbehind D.prayedfor34.A.strangers B.opponents C.friends D.roommates35.A.job B.adventure C.dream D.lifetime【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.C25.D26.D27.A28.B29.A30.A31.B32.C33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了作者即將主持的一系列冥想靜修活動(dòng)，并描述了參與者的特點(diǎn)、活動(dòng)安排以及作者自己在其中的角色和感受?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在每次靜修期間，大約有一百名信徒將從世界各地來到這里，花一周到十天的時(shí)間來深化他們的冥想練習(xí)。A.employees雇員；B.retirees退休人員；C.interviewees被面試者；D.devotees獻(xiàn)身者，信徒。根據(jù)空后的“willeherefromallovertheworldforaperiodofaweektotendaystodeepentheirmeditationpractices.”可知，空處指的是冥想靜修的信徒，他們會(huì)來進(jìn)行冥想練習(xí)。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們中一些是老面孔，但許多人從未去過印度。A.passersby路人；B.oldtimes舊時(shí)的、故人；C.troublemakers搗亂者；D.peacelovers熱愛和平的人。根據(jù)上下文句意可知，空處指的是這些信徒中有些是老面孔，但是大多數(shù)人都未去過印度。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的職責(zé)是在這些人逗留期間照顧他們。A.work工作；B.stay逗留；C.tour觀光；D.lecture演講。根據(jù)上文“WhatIwillbehosting,tobeexact,isaseriesofmeditationretreats（冥想靜修）tobeheldthisspring.Duringeachretreat,aboutahundred____1____willeherefromallovertheworldforaperiodofaweektotendaystodeepentheirmeditationpractices.”可知，作者是負(fù)責(zé)這次冥想靜修的人，由此可知，作者應(yīng)該是在這些人逗留期間照顧他們。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在靜修的大部分時(shí)間里，參與者將保持沉默。A.doubt懷疑；B.memory記憶；C.silence寂靜；D.surprise驚訝、驚奇。根據(jù)下文“Forsomeofthem,itwillbethefirsttimethey’ve____5____silenceasadevotionalpractice,anditcanbeintense.”可知，在靜修期間，參與者需要保持沉默。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)他們中的一些人來說，這將是他們第一次體驗(yàn)