必修① UNIT 6 課下主題訓(xùn)練 人類生存、社會(huì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系

PAGE第1頁共5頁必修①UNIT6課下主題訓(xùn)練人類生存、社會(huì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheweathermightbefreezingathome,butthatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetospendthewintertrembling.Instead,grabyourbathingsuitandsunscreenandheadtothesesunnyspotsthatofferthebestwarm-weathergetaways.SanJuan,PuertoRicoHeadtothehotcitynightlifeofSanJuan,wherethestreetsofsmartCondadobackrightontothepalmtrees.Topchefs,stylishhotels,bars,clubs,andshopsarealljuststepsawayfromthetropicalbeaches.SincePuertoRicobecameaUScommonwealth,it'soneoftheeasiestislandsintheCaribbeantovisitsinceyouwon'tneedanypasses,havetochangemoney,orevenworryaboutyourcellphoneRivieraMayaWhat'sbetterthandivingintothesaltysea?Goingintotheclearandsalt-freewatersofthenaturallimestonecenotesoftheRivieraMayaandYucatánPeninsula.Spendasunnydayexploringthesenaturalcavepoolsfilledwithcoolwaterthatspringsfromthegroundbelowandthethickpalmforeststhatsurroundthem.ThenheadbacktoFairmontMayakobaforcomfortableroomsandmodernMexicanNewOrleansNewOrleans'slivelynightlifeandlivemusicscenesmakethe“BigEasy”agreatgirls'wintergetaway.Andevenifyourcrewisn'tonetoseekouttheboozyBourbonStreetcrawl,there'splentyofamazingfoodtobediscoveredintheFrenchQuarter,plentyofshoppingandwalkingintheClearwaterIfyouwanttomeetarealmoviestarwhilealsotakinginthesun,headtotheGulfshoresofClearwater,Florida.HereyoucanmeetthestarsofDolphinTaleandDolphinTale2,WinterandHope,whoareinresidenceattheClearwaterMarine語篇解讀：本文介紹了冬日出行可以去的四個(gè)地方——波多黎各圣胡安、墨西哥里維埃拉瑪雅、美國新奧爾良和佛羅里達(dá)清水灣。1．WhatmakesPuertoRicoaneasytouristdestinationtovisit?A．Nopassisneeded.B．ItliesintheCaribbean.C．It'snearthetropicalbeaches.D．Manytravelservicesareoffered.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“it'soneoftheeasiestislands...sinceyouwon'tneedanypasses”可知，波多黎各之所以是一個(gè)容易游覽的旅行目的地是因?yàn)槟抢锊恍枰ㄐ凶C，故A項(xiàng)正確。2．WhatcanyoudoifgoingtoRivieraMaya?A．Diveintothesaltysea.B．Enjoylivemusicscenes.C．Meetsomerealfamousactors.D．Explorenaturalcavepools.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“exploringthesenaturalcavepoolsfilledwithcoolwater”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。3．Whichplacewillyougotoifyouareafilmfan?A．SanJuan,PuertoRico.B．RivieraMaya,Mexico.C．NewD．Clearwater,解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifyouwanttomeetarealmoviestar”和“HereyoucanmeetthestarsofDolphinTaleandDolphinTale2,WinterandHope”可知，如果你是一個(gè)影迷，可以去佛羅里達(dá)清水灣，故D項(xiàng)正確。B(2021年1月新高考8省聯(lián)考卷)Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentwaystoreducemycarbonfootprintontheplanet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,inparticularclimatechange.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeeco-friendlylifestylechoicesthan,let'ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhasbeenonmymindalotlately:isitbettertobuyneweco-friendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersarebetterused.Letmetrytoexplain.Acarbonfootprintismadeupoftwoparts,theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.Theprimaryfootprintisameasureofourdirectemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheburningoffuels,includinghouseholdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse—thoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreakdown.Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe“secondaryfootprint”group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However,forthecarandtheotherappliances(設(shè)備)thatweneedwecangowithnew,energy-savingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappliancesgiveoff90%oftheircarbonfootprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergy-savingmodels.Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththe_footprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了作者一直致力于踐行環(huán)保生活方式、尋找減少碳足跡的方法。對(duì)于近來一直困惑他的一個(gè)難題：是買新的環(huán)保產(chǎn)品還是繼續(xù)使用舊的傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品？作者通過研究和舉例詳細(xì)指出了不同的物品要有不同的對(duì)待方法。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy.B．Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.C．Howtoidentifydifferentcarbonfootprints.D．Howtomakeeco-friendlylifestylechoices.解析：選D主旨大意題。文章第一段提到了作者尋求環(huán)保的生活方式來減少碳足跡，由此引出碳足跡的概念。第二段中又提到作者在做了一些研究之后得出結(jié)論——不同的物品要區(qū)別對(duì)待。接下來的段落分別舉例哪些產(chǎn)品適合用最新的節(jié)約版本，那些適合沿用老產(chǎn)品，故本文主要講述了如何選擇環(huán)保的生活方式，故選D。5．Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondarycarbonfootprint?A．Itisrelatedtoourconsumptionoffuels.B．Itismadewhenwearebuyingtheproducts.C．Itislessharmfulthantheprimarycarbonfootprint.D．Itiscountedasoursthoughnotdirectlymadebyus.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，第二碳足跡是對(duì)于我們所使用產(chǎn)品的整個(gè)生命周期(包括產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和分解)的間接二氧化碳排放量的度量，由此可知，第二碳足跡雖然不是由我們直接造成的，但也算作我們的碳足跡的一部分。故選D。6．Whichofthefollowinghelpsreduceourcarbonfootprintaccordingtotheauthor?A．Usingsecond-handtextbooks.B．Usingoldandexpensivecars.C．Buyingnewbutcheapclothes.D．Buyingnewwoodenfurniture.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe‘secondaryfootprint’group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.”可知，像盤子、衣服和家具之類的東西屬于“第二碳足跡”，這一類的東西越少越好，所以可以集中精力尋找二手貨，以避免增加生產(chǎn)從而降低我們的碳足跡，故排除C、D選項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)“However,forthecarandtheotherappliances(設(shè)備)thatweneedwecangowithnew,energy-savingmodels.”可知，車輛還是用新的節(jié)能款比較好，可以降低我們的碳足跡，故排除B選項(xiàng)。故選A。7．“Thefootprint”underlinedinthelastsentencereferstotheCO2producedin________.A．usingtheproduct B．recyclingtheproductC．makingtheproduct D．transportingtheproduct解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“...andwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.”可知，那些額外的碳(排放)是否值得這個(gè)產(chǎn)品在到你手里之后所產(chǎn)生的碳足跡，也就是說在你使用產(chǎn)品的時(shí)候。故選A。Ⅱ.語法填空InHebeiProvinceliesavastforestcalledSaihanba.ThisgreenGreatWall,__1__atitspeakduringtheQingdynastycoveredthousandsofhectares,hadbythe1950s__2__(virtual)disappeared.ThisallowedsandtoblowintoBeijingfromthenortherndeserts.SaihanbaisacombinationofChineseandMongolian,__3__(mean)“beautifulhighlands”．UntiltheQingdynasty,itwasaroyalhuntinglandbecauseofitscoolsummerweatherandbeautifulsurroundings.However,mostoftheareahadturnedintoadesertbytheendoftheQingdynasty.Infact56yearsagotherewasonlyonetreeleft.Butwithoutthattree,there__4__(be)nomiracleofSaihanbatoday.Intheearly1960s,over350foresters__5__(send)tothisareatofightthedesert.Theywererequired__6__(rebuild)theforestinSaihanba.Fewpeople,includingtheforestersthemselves,believedtheywouldsucceed.Theirdoubtdisappeared,however,whentheyfoundthe200-year-oldtree,swayingalonein__7__wind.Ifonetreecouldsurvivehere,__8__couldmillionsoftrees,theythought.Afterdecadesofhardwork,threegenerationsoftheforestershaverestoredalmost80%oftheoriginalSaihanbaforest.Recently,theywereawardedthe__9__(high)environmentalhonorfromtheUnitedNationsfortheirgreat__10__(contribute)tocreatingagreenerworld.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了塞罕壩的相關(guān)情況。塞罕壩曾是一片巨大的森林，但由于保護(hù)不當(dāng)變成了沙漠。20世紀(jì)60年代以來，人們通過努力使塞罕又恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。1．which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞ThisgreenGreatWall，空處在從句中作主語，故填which。2．virtually考查副詞?？仗幮揎椇竺娴膭?dòng)詞disappeared，故填副詞virtually。3．meaning考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語，且mean與其邏輯主語之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞meaning。4．wouldbe考查虛擬語氣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句是含蓄條件句，要用虛擬語氣。根據(jù)該句中的“today”可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，故填wouldbe。5．weresent考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Intheearly1960s可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，且foresters與send之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填weresent。6．torebuild考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。sb.berequiredtodosth.意為“某人被要求去做某事”為固定句型。7．the考查冠詞。該處表示這棵有200年歷史的樹獨(dú)自在風(fēng)中搖曳，inthewind“在風(fēng)中”，為固定用法。8．so考查倒裝句。如果一棵樹在這里能存活，那么數(shù)百萬棵樹也能在這里存活。這里表示后面發(fā)生的情況與前面的一樣，前面是肯定句，故后面用“so＋could＋主語”結(jié)構(gòu)，故填so。9．highest考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根