Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 課件-2022-2023學年高中英語人教版（2019）必修第三冊

DiscoveringusefulstructuresⅠ

學習目標1’1.Tolearntheusageofinfinitive

usedasattributeoradverbialinasentence.2.Toapplywhatwelearninthisperiodtoexercise,

especiallyinwritingandgrammarfilling.Nothingbutatear,that'sallforbreakfastWatchingyoupretendyou'reunaffectedYou'repullingourconnections,expectingme_______yougo....Ilookinyourdirection,hopingthatthemessagegoesSomewhereclosetoyouClosetoyou...Workinghard__________itNowyourfearisreckless,andit'soutofyourcontrolWouldyouletitgo?...Activity1:Leadintoletattributeoradverbial?toperfectReadthesentencesbelowandfocusonunderlinedparts.Then,thinkabouttheirfunctionsandmeanings.Leadin4’1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.3.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.4.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.infinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasadverbialinfinitiveasattributeinfinitiveasattribute主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進行式完成式完成進行式

動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)Infinitiveasattributetodotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing1.Sheisthefirstgraduatetogetanofferinthebigcompany.2.Heistheonlyonetosurvivetheaccident.3.Heistherightpersonto

dothejob.一、名詞被特定詞修飾當名詞被序數(shù)詞或theonly,thenext,thelast,theright修飾，且該名詞是作定語的非謂語動詞的執(zhí)行者時，用不定式主動形式作定語。不定式作后置定語的幾種情況

1.Inthepast,womenhadnochancetogotoschool.2.Hemadeanattempttobeadmittedtothebigcompany.3.Agoodteachermusthavetheabilitytomakehimselfunderstood.4.Imustkeepthepromisetopayontime.5.Hiseagernesstogetbackhomewasquiteobvious.二、不定式作定語與特定名詞連用：當修飾的名詞是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish…（一些表示企圖、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意義的名詞）不定式作后置定語的幾種情況

1.Givemeapentowritewith.2.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.4.Hereisapieceofpaperforyoutowriteon.三、不定式加介詞作定語：作定語的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。不定式作后置定語的幾種情況

1.Ihavealotofthings

todotomorrow.2.Pleasegivemesomething

todrink.3.Hewillshowyoutherightpathtotake.四，不定式與前面的名詞構成動賓關系，和句中另一個名詞或代詞構成主謂關系。Idoalotofthings./Idrinksomething./Youtaketherightpath.

拓展與補充一

September,the16th.Patienceisavirtue.耐心是一種美德1.Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

2.Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision_________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.3.Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.4.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity_________(explore)societyofreal-lifeexperience.5.Ihavealotofbooks__________(read).tobecompletedtobemadetochangetoexploretoreadExercise1.Tomakefriendseasily,youneedtobeverykind.2.Theywenttheretosavepeoplewhowereinjured.3.MoreTVprogrammeswereproducedtoraisepeople’sconcernoverfoodsafety.4.To/Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.5.Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.不定式作目的狀語可用inorderto/soasto

代替，有時為了突出強調(diào)目的，還可將這個詞組置于句首，但soasto一般不用于句首。Ⅲ

點撥精講28’目的狀語與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換

I

cameearlyinorderthatyoumightreadmyreportbeforethemeeting.→Icameearly(inorder)foryouto

readmyreportbeforethemeeting.①當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時，可以直接簡化為不定式或不定式短語作狀語。②當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語不相同時，要用動詞不定式的復合結(jié)構作狀語。We'llstartearlyinorderthat/sothatwemayarriveintime.→We'llstartearlyinorderto/soastoarriveintime.1.Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.

2.Hearrivedatthetrainstation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadyleft.3.Sheistootiredtodothejob.4.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.5.Willyoubesokindastoopenthewindow?不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果；有時也可用onlyto,too...to,enoughto,so...asto

來表示結(jié)果狀語。Infinitiveasadverbial1.Iamsoexcited

tobehere!2.Iammorethandelighted

tobewithyou!3.Sheisproud

tohavewonthefirstplace.4.Heisglad

tobeinvitedtothemeeting.

不定式作原因狀語，常用于“主語+be+形容詞+todo”結(jié)構中，此類形容詞多是glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀樂的形容詞。Infinitiveasadverbial4.動詞不定式作條件狀語。Howcanyoucatchthetraintostartsolate？要是這么晚動身，你怎么能趕得上火車呢？（表示條件）Hemustbeafooltosayso.他那么說可能是個傻瓜。Youwilldowelltospeakmorecarefully.要是說得詳細的話，你會做得很好的。Ⅳ

課堂小結(jié)2’不定式狀語目的表示某一動作的目的；Onlyto,inorderto,so…asto…結(jié)果出乎意料的結(jié)果；onlytodo，enoughtodo，too…to…原因常用于“主語+be+形容詞+todo”結(jié)構中定語與被修飾詞關系動賓，主謂，動狀，同位不同使用情況特定詞修飾；抽象名詞；不及物動詞Replacetheitalicizedpartsbyusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.1.In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson

whogotmarriedinspace.→

In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersontogetmarriedinspace.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater

sothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.→

Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoastorecycleitforlateruse.Activity4:PracticeⅣ3Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehave

dreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.

Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday.4Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillheipthemstayhealthy.

Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeverydayto/inorderto/soastohelpthemstayhealthy.5Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.

Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspaceto/inorderto/soasto

keepeverythingfromfloatingoff.6Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowly

sothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.

Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlyto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.CheckyouranswersSendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal__________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,______(use)thecurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears_________(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing_________(know)intheuniverse,itcouldtakemorethanfouryearstoreachtheneareststarsystem.Willscientistsfigureoutaway_______(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?Isitpossibletotravelfasterthanlight?Nooneknowstheanswersyet.However,spacescientistsnevergiveup.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoas_______(help)astronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.toachieveusingtogetknowntostoretohelpActivity4:PracticeⅤ

課時訓練14Homework3.他總是第一個到辦公室，最后一個離開。Heisalways_________________andthelastonetoleavetheoffice.4.有足夠的食物供客人享用。Thereisenoughfoodfortheguests_______.1.要正確地畫地圖，你需要一支特制的筆。__________________,youneedaspecialpen.2.他來晚了，發(fā)現(xiàn)其他人都回家了。Hearrivedlate_________________________.Todrawmapscorrectlytoenjoythefirstonetocometofindtheothershadgonehome補充句子

當堂檢測14’Ⅴ6.________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.7.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackage