裕興 新概念英語 第二冊 Lesson 3 第3課 筆記講義

第三課Pleasesendmeacard請給我寄一張明信片★1.send寄，送，派遣，打發(fā)causesbtogoorsthtobetakenwithoutgoingoneself(send–sent–sent)加雙賓語sendsbsth=sendsthtosb把東西寄給某人eg.sendmeapostcard=sendapostcardtome寄給我一張明信片eg.IsentmymotherapresentonMother’sday.在母親節(jié)那天我寄給媽媽一份禮物。=IsentapresenttomymotheronMother’sday.加單賓語sendsth寄什么東西sendsb派遣，打發(fā)某人sendaletter寄了一封信sendaparcel寄了一個(gè)包裹sendthechildrentobed打發(fā)孩子去睡覺3）sendsbmylove=givesbmylove代我向。。。致意eg.Pleasesendyoursistermylove.請把我的問候帶給你的姐姐。=Pleasesendmylovetoyoursister.eg.Pleasesayhellotoyourbrother.=Pleasesayhitoyourbrother.eg.Remembermetoyourparents.代我問候你的父母。正式的表達(dá)Givemyregardstoyourparents.更為正式的表達(dá)4）sendforsb派人去請，去叫。。。sendforsthsendforadoctor派人去叫醫(yī)生sendforataxi去叫一輛出租車★2.postcardn.明信片card卡片；賀卡aChristmascard圣誕卡片abirthdaycard生日卡片aget-wellcard康復(fù)卡anidentitycard身份證apostcard明信片cards紙牌apackofcards一副紙牌1）one’sbestcard=one’sstrongestcard某人最好的一張牌，王牌，絕招2)givesbhiscards開出，解雇某人（非正式表達(dá)）3）layone’scardsonthetable=putone’scardsonthetable攤牌postn./v.郵，寄post-bag郵袋post-box(U.S.:mailbox)郵筒，郵箱post-code郵政編碼postoffice郵局postman(U.S.:mailman)郵遞員postmark郵戳post-free免付郵資的，郵資已付的post-paid郵資已付的3.spoil-spoiled-spoiled使索然無味，損壞，破壞，糟蹋-spoilt-spoilt英式英語中多用不規(guī)則形式：eg.dreamt;spoilt(Br)美式英語中多用規(guī)則形式：eg.dreamed;spoiled(Am)不管英式或美式英語，用過去分詞作定語的時(shí)候，只用不規(guī)則形式。aspoiltchild一個(gè)被慣壞的孩子spoiltmilk壞了的牛奶amisspeltword拼錯(cuò)的字1)v.破壞，使。。。沒勁makesthuseless,valuelessorunsatisfactory;ruineg.Badweatherspoiltourholidays.壞天氣破壞了我們的假期。eg.Thebadnewsspoiltmyday.這個(gè)壞消息讓我一天不開心破壞了我一天的心情。eg.Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.明信片總是破壞我的假期。2）v.嬌慣，寵壞，溺愛eg.Thatlittlegirlisterriblyspoilt–herparentsgivehereverythingsheasksfor.那個(gè)小女孩被慣壞了，他的父母親給她任何她想要的東西。eg.Sparetherodandspoilthechild.(諺)孩子不打不成器。eg.Everybodyenjoysbeingspoiltfromtimetotime.誰都喜歡偶爾被人寵一下?！?.museumn.博物館museumpiece適合博物館展覽的精品2）老古董（貶）eg.Thisoldradioofyoursisabitofmuseumpiece;itisabouttimeyougotanewone.你這個(gè)舊收音機(jī)早該進(jìn)博物館了，早該換個(gè)新的了?！?.public1)adj.公眾的，與公眾有關(guān)的（通常做定語）反義詞private私人的,個(gè)人的,這兩個(gè)詞都做定語apublicgarden公園publicaffairs公事publiceducation民眾教育publichealth民眾健康publiclibraries公共圖書館thepublichighway公路2）n.公眾，民眾thepublic民眾，公眾inpublic:openly公開的，公然的（反義詞：inprivate私自的，私下的）eg.Sheapologizedtothepublicinpublicforhermistakes.她公開的像公眾對她所犯的錯(cuò)誤道歉?！?.friendlyadj.友好的friendn.朋友makefriendswithsb和某人交朋友Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難朋友才是真的朋友。closefriends密友bosomfriend知己boyfriend男朋友girlfriend女朋友friendlyadj.友好的friendlynations友邦afriendlysmile一個(gè)友好的微笑afriendlywelcome友好的歡迎afriendlymanner友好的態(tài)度ly結(jié)尾的形容詞：friendlylonely孤獨(dú)的silly蠢的brotherly兄長般的lovely可愛的deadly致命的likely可能的★7.waiter(飯店，旅館，餐廳等)服務(wù)員waitress女服務(wù)員-ess女性的象征actor演員actress女演員prince王子princess王妃，公主tiger老虎tigress雌虎★8.lendv.借，借出去lend-lent-lentlendsbsth=lendsthtosb借給某人某物borrowsthfromsb從誰那借來什么東西eg.Canyoulendme200Yuan?你能借給我200塊錢嗎？I’llpayyoubacktomorrow.我明天就還給你。eg.IlentthatCDtoJohnbutnevergotitback.我把cd借給John了，但是再也拿不回了。lendsbahand=givesbhelp幫某人一個(gè)忙lendsbanear(耐心地)傾聽belivingonborrowedtime大難不死lender出借人，貸方borrower借東西的人，借方★9.decisionn.決定makeadecisiontodosth下定決心做某事decidev.決定decidetodo……決定做某事makeupone’smindtodo…決定做某事eg.Idecidedtostudyanotherforeignlanguage.我決定再學(xué)一門語言。=Imadeupmymindtostudyanotherforeignlanguage.eg.Withsomanychoices,it’shardtodecidewhichtobuy.這么多選擇，真不知道該買哪個(gè)。eg.It’sdifficulttodecidebetweenthetwo.這兩者之間很難選擇。makeadecision/reachadecision/cometoadecision/arriveatadecision做出決定eg.Onthelastdayofmyholiday,Imadeabigdecision.假期的最后一天,我做了一個(gè)大大的決定eg.Anyonewholacksdecisionshouldn’tbealeader.那些缺乏決定能力的人是不能當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的?！?0.whole1)adj.完全的，整體的，全部的相當(dāng)于entire;complete作為形容詞，作定語來使用。awholeday一整天threewholedays三整天thewholecountry全國thewholeworld全世界eg.Let’sforgetthewholeaffair.我們忘了這件事情吧。把它徹底忘掉吧。=Let’sforgetthewholematter/thing.2）n.整個(gè)，整體eg.Fourquartersmakeawhole四個(gè)四分之一構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體quartern.四分之一，一季度，一刻鐘eg.Cuttheappleintoquarters.把蘋果切成四瓣。Halfn.一半eg.Twohalvesmakeawhole.兩個(gè)一半構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體。Halfoftheworkisdone.一半工作被完成了。asawhole整個(gè)地onthewhole總的來說，一般來講eg.Onthewhole,Iagreewithyourdecision.總的來說，我同意你的觀點(diǎn)。Wholesale批發(fā)wholesaler批發(fā)商retail零售retaildealer/retailtrader零售商★11.single1)adj.唯一的，單一的onlyoneasingleletter唯一的一封信asingleapplehangingfromthetree樹上掛著唯一的蘋果asingleticket單程票aroundticket/areturnticket往返票2)adj.未婚的，獨(dú)身的singlemenandwomen單身男女married已婚的adj.單獨(dú)一個(gè)人使用的asinglebed單人床adoublebed雙人床asingleroom單人房間adoubleroom雙人房間4)adj.single-parent單親asingle-parentfamily一個(gè)單親家庭KeyStructuresSimplepast一般過去時(shí)1.功能：表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或情況，通常搭配過去的某一段時(shí)間。eg.Wevisitedtheschoollastyear.我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^了這個(gè)學(xué)校。2.構(gòu)成形式:1)規(guī)則變化：v.+edwalked,happened不規(guī)則變化：eat–atego–wentsee–sawcome–came2)be–was/wereeg.Iwasn’tinyesterday.我昨天不在家。eg.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasyoung.當(dāng)我年輕的時(shí)候我騎車去上學(xué)。體會動詞的過去式Policeman:Didyouseetheaccident,sir?先生，你看到那個(gè)事故了嗎？Man:Yes,Idid.Thedriverofthatcarhitthatpostoverthere.是的，我看到了。那個(gè)司機(jī)撞倒那個(gè)桿子上去。hit–hit–hitP:Whathappened?發(fā)生什么事了？M:Adogranacrosstheroadandthedrivertriedtoavoidit.Thecarsuddenlycametowardsme.Itclimbedontothepavementandcrashedintothatpost.一條狗穿過馬路，那位司機(jī)企圖躲開狗。突然，汽車朝我開過來。它走上人行道，撞倒那根桿子上。Pavement:人行道P:Whatdidyoudo?你做了什么？M:Iranacrossthestreetafterthedog.我穿過馬路去追狗。P:Whydidyoudothat?Wereyouafraidofthecar?你為什么這樣做呢？你怕汽車嗎？M:Iwasn’tafraidofthecar.Iwasafraidofthedriver.Thedrivergotoutofthecarandbeganshoutingatme.Hewasveryangrywithme.Yousee,itwasmydog.我不怕汽車。我怕那個(gè)司機(jī)。那個(gè)司機(jī)下車并對我大喊。一般過去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別：Herbrotherwasanartist.他的哥哥是一個(gè)藝術(shù)家。Was表示已去世Herbrotherisanartist.尚健在That’sallIhadtosay.這是我要說的。(話已說完)That’sallIhavetosay.這是我要說的。(言之未盡)Itwassonicetoseeyou.我真高興見到你。(離別時(shí)說)Itissonicetoseeyou.我真高興見到你。（見面時(shí)說）一般過去時(shí)的練習(xí)：Myfriend,Roy,____(die)lastyear.He____(leave)mehisCDplayerandhiscollectionofCDs.Roy____(spend)alotofmoneyonCDs.He____(buy)oneortwonewCDseveryweek.Henever____(go)tothecinemaortothetheatre.He____(stay)athomeeveryeveningand____(listen)tomusic.Heoften____(lend)CDstohisfriends.Sometimesthey____(keep)them.He____(lose)manyCDsinthisway.diedleftspentboughtwentstayedlistenedlentkeptlostHYPERLINK課文講解1.Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.always總是（頻度副詞）holidayholiday較長的假期不能指一天的假期aholiday指一天的假期goonholiday去度假beonholiday正在度假vacation1)法定假日（宗教假日，國家慶典）英美都用holiday。2)每年的例行休假，英式holiday，美式vacationleave指雇員因某種原因而獲準(zhǔn)休假askforaleave請假takeFrenchleave不辭而別leaveinanEnglishstyle(法)不辭而別2.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.ItalyItalianpublicgarden公園3.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.teachteachsbsth雙賓語toughtmeafewwordsofItalianteachmyselfEnglish自學(xué)英語teachsbalesson/givesbalesson教訓(xùn)某人一頓teachsbtodosth教某人去做某事teachfishtoswim班門弄斧=teachyourgrandmothertosuckeggseducate知識和智慧全面的培養(yǎng)，通常由學(xué)校進(jìn)行的正規(guī)教育。teach指某一學(xué)科或某種技能的各種教育程度。coach非正規(guī)的教導(dǎo)，可能為某一學(xué)科進(jìn)行輔導(dǎo)，或?qū)w育運(yùn)動進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)。train訓(xùn)練，使在行為，技能或體能上達(dá)到要求。instruct教授某人學(xué)校科目；傳授某人技巧；指導(dǎo)；命令wordn.1)詞newwordsandexpressions2)話，語言eg.Idon’tbelieveawordofhisstory.他的話我一句也不相信。3)消息eg.Wordcamethathehadrunintotrouble.有消息傳來說他現(xiàn)在麻煩了。短語eg.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行動勝于語言。haveawordinsb’sear和某人說句悄悄話haveawordwithsb和某人說一句話havewordswithsb和某人吵架havewordfromsb聽到，受到某人消息4.Thenhelentmeabook.lendsbsth借給某人什么東西5.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.read–read–read[ri:d][red][red]6.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.thinkabout+n./doing思考，思索，回想，想起eg.Doyouoftenthinkaboutyourchildhood?你經(jīng)?；叵肽愕耐陼r(shí)代嗎？thinkof考慮，想起，記起eg.Ithoughtofpostcards.我總是想起明信片。7.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.1)passv.(passed)2)sendsthtosb=sendsbstheg.Ididnotsendcardstomyfriends.=Ididn’tsendmyfriendspostcards.8.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.makeadecision做出決定9.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.10.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!spend花費(fèi)，通常指某人花費(fèi)了時(shí)間，金錢，精力等sbspendtime/money/energyonsth某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢、精力在某事上sbspendtime/money/energy(in)doingsth某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢、精力做某事eg.Hespendsmoneyasifhewereamillionaire.他花起錢來就好像是個(gè)百萬富翁一樣。eg.Shespendsallhermoneyandtimeonclothes.她花費(fèi)所有的時(shí)間和錢在買衣服上。=Shespendsallhermoneyandtimeinbuyingclothes.eg.IspendawholehourinexplainingtheimportanceoflearningEnglishtohim.我花了整整一小時(shí)來給他解釋學(xué)校英語的重要性。SpecialDifficulties----過去式功能：動詞過去式表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或情況。英語中有些動詞可以加雙賓語，這些動詞大多具有“給予”的含義。eg.Helentmeabook.(me:間接賓語)(abook:直接賓語)一般間接賓語置于直接賓語之前，一旦間接賓語置于直接賓語之后，間接賓語前要加to或for來表達(dá)。To表示動作對誰所做，表示方向性；for表示為了誰所做，是目的性。Helentabooktome.eg.Hesentmeacard.Hesentacardtome.Hepassedmethesalt.Hepassedthesalttome.Heboughtmeatie.Heboughtatieforme.Shemademeacake.Shemadeacakeforme.Exercise:改寫下列句子1)Hepaidtheshopkeepersomemoney.Hepaidsomemoneytotheshopkeeper.2)Hehandedmetheprize.Hehandedtheprizetome.3)Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertotheman.Thewaiterbroughtthemanabottleofbeer.4)Hesoldallhisbookstome.Hesoldmeallhisbooks.5)Theshopassistantfoundsomecurtainmaterialforme.Theshopassistantfoundmesomecurtainmaterial.6)Hedidmeabigfavour.Hedidabigfavourforme.dosbafavour幫某人一個(gè)忙7)Sheshowedherhusbandhernewhat.Sheshowedhernewhattoherhusband.8)Shepromisedarewardtothefinder.Shepromisedthefinderareward.9)Hegavehissonsomeadvice.Hegavesomeadvicetohisson.10)Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.Hisuncleleftsomemoneyto/forhim.11)HeisteachingEnglishtous.HeisteachingusEnglish.12)Iboughtthisbunchofflowersforyou.Bunchofflowers一束鮮花Iboughtyouthisbunchofflowers.13)Bringthatbooktomeplease.Bringmethatbookplease.14)Heofferedmeacigarette.Heofferedacigarettetome.15)Readmethefirstparagrap