2022屆福建省高三下學(xué)期4月診斷性測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題（教師版含解析）

高三診斷性測(cè)試

英語(yǔ)

（試卷滿分：150分，考試時(shí)間：120分鐘）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，

用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試

卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，

并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一

小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

例:Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C.

1.Whereistheconversationtakingplace?

A.InanairportB.Inahotel.C.Inahospital.

2.WhenwillMarkbefree?

A.Rightnow.B.Thisweekend.C.Nextweek.

3.Whatarcthespeakersgoingtodo?

A.Haveatrip.B.Packthecar.C.Fillupthetank.

4.Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutthewoman'swords?

A.Doubtful.B.Acceptable.C.Interesting.

5.Whatdoweknowaboutthegame?

A.TheForestwonit.B.Itwasacloseone.C.TheRocketmissedtheshot.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，

每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Bossandclerk.B.Salesmanandcustomer.C.Husbandandwife.

7.Whatwillthemando?

A.Preparefordinner.B.Buysomegroceries.C.Dosomecleaning.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.WhatisJessieaddictedto?

A.Soapoperas.B.Onlinegames.C.Onlinechats.

9.HowdidJohnremovehisbadhabit?

A.Bykeepingadog.B.Byseeingadoctor.C.Byfocusingonlessons.

10.WhohasimprovedinstudiesaftergivinguptheInternetaddiction?

A.John.B.Jessie.C.Dick.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.WhatwasSteveninchargeofinhisformercompany?

A.Technologyimprovement.

B.Customersupport.

C.Informationcollection.

12.InwhichaspecthasSteventriedtoimproverecently?

A.Productsales.B.Timemanagement.C.Clerktraining.

13.Whatarethespeakersdoing?

A.Havingajobinterview.

B.Makingaprojectfbracompany.

C.Discussingaboutmanagement.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.WhereisMinanow?

A.Inanoffice.B.Onabus.C.Inapark.

15.WhatisDanieldoing?

A.Gettingoffatbusstop.

BLookingfortherightbus.

C.Travelingnorthwardsbybus.

16.WhatwillDanielprobablydofinally?

A.GetonNo.90bus.

B.Rideallthewayaround.

C.Transfertoanotherbus.

17.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Whentotakeabusride.

B.Howtogettothedestination.

C.Whytomakeanappointment.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.Whoisthespeaker?

A.Achef.B.Acustomer.C.Awaiter.

19.Whatisspecialaboutthesnackdolma?

A.Itspriceislow.

B.Itstasteisnew.

C.Itsmaterialsarefresh.

20.HowmuchwilltheblogreaderprobablypayforamealinChezFitz?

A.$40.B.$45.C.$50.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

GreatBooksSummerProgramdeliversexcellentpreparationforseminar-stylecollegeclassesandtheSAT

criticalthinkingsection.WearethrilledtoannounceSummer2022On-Campusprogramsarereturning.Enrollment

（注冊(cè)）isopen.Makeyourplanstoday!

Program1:GreatBooks&Writer'sWorkshopatPepperdineUniversity

Malibu,CA

ForRisingGrades6-8andGrades9-12

OneandTwo-WeekPrograms

Choosetheone-weekSeminarandDiscussionprogram.SelectWriter'sWorkshopforstudentseagertoexplore

theartofcreativewriting.Or,stayforboth!

One-weekTuition:$2695Two-weekTuition:$5390

Program2:GreatBooks&Writer'sWorkshopatAmherstCollege

Amherst,MA

ForRisingGrades6-8andGrades9-12

OneandTwo-WeekPrograms

WewillbeofferingSeminarandDiscussionprogramsandaWriter'sWorkshopforstudentseagertoexplorethe

artofwritinginallforms.

One-weekTuition:$2495Two-weekTuition:$4990

Program3:GreatBooksatStanfordUniversity

Stanford,CA

ForRisingGrades6-8andGrades9-12

OneandTwo-WeekPrograms

YoungpeoplegathertoexperiencereadingandlifeatStanfordUniversity.JoinusforoneweekortwoofGreat

BooksSeminarandDiscussionprograms!

One-weekTuition:52995Two-weekTuition:$5990

Program4:ATallShipAdventure

ForRisingGrades9-12

SailfromBangortoPortlandME

OneWeekProgram

GreatBooksisexcitedtoannouncethesecondyearofTalesoftheSea:aTallShipAdventure.Thisprogramfor

highschoolstudentsmarriesthestudyofmaritimeliteraturewithlivingandlearningtosail.Timewillbesplit

betweenseminaranddiscussionandsailingeducationwithvisitstocoastalislands.

One-weekTuition:$2995

Note:

Allon-campusprogramshaveMaterials&Eventsfeesof$225foroneweekand$475fortvvo.

1.Howmuchdoesanapplicantpayintotalforaone-weekprogramatStanfordUniversity?

A.$2995.B.$3220.C.$3470.D.$3945.

2.Whichprogramwillyouchooseifyouwanttodooutdoorpractice?

A.Program1.B.Program2.C.Program3.D.Program4.

3.Whatdothefouron-campusprogramshaveincommon?

A.Theyofferseminar-styleclasses.

B.TheypreparestudentsfortheSATtest.

C.Theyaredesignedforjuniorhighstudents.

D.Theyaimtopromotestudents'writingskills.

【1?3題答案】

【答案】1.B2.D3.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了GreatBooksSummerProgram的四個(gè)校園課程，包括課程地點(diǎn)、

內(nèi)容和費(fèi)用等。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)**Program3:GreatBooksatStanfordUniversity部分關(guān)鍵句"One-weekTuition:$2995（一

周學(xué)費(fèi)：2995美元）"和"YoungpeoplegathertoexperiencereadingandlifeatStanfordUniversity.（年輕人聚集

在斯坦福大學(xué)體驗(yàn)閱讀和生活）”可知，申請(qǐng)者在斯坦福大學(xué)為期一周的課程需要支付的費(fèi)用為2995美元且

這項(xiàng)課程為校內(nèi)課程，再根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容"Allon-campusprogramshaveMaterials&Eventsfeesof$225

fbroneweekand$475fbrtwo.（所有校內(nèi)課程的材料和活動(dòng)費(fèi)用為一周225美元，兩周475美元）“可知，參

在為期一周的校內(nèi)課程還需要支付材料和活動(dòng)費(fèi)用225美元。由此可知，申請(qǐng)者在斯坦福大學(xué)為期一周的

課程總共需要支付的費(fèi)用是3220美元。故選B項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Program4:ATallShipAdventure''部分關(guān)鍵句"Thisprogramforhighschoolstudents

marriesthestudyofmaritimeliteraturewithlivingandlearningtosail.Timewillbesplitbetweenseminarand

discussionandsailingeducationwithvisitstocoastalislands.（這項(xiàng)針對(duì)高中生的課程將海洋文學(xué)研究與航海生

活和學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)合起來。時(shí)間將分為研討會(huì)和討論、航海教育和訪問沿海島嶼）”可知，在第四個(gè)課程中包括訪

問沿海島嶼，這是戶外活動(dòng)。由此可推斷出，如果你想做戶外練習(xí)，你會(huì)選擇第四個(gè)課程。故選D項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句"GreatBooksSummerProgramdeliversexcellentpreparationforseminar-style

collegeclassesandtheSATcriticalthinkingsection.（GreatBooksSummerProgram為研討班式大學(xué)課程和SAT

批判性思維部分提供了出色的準(zhǔn)備）”可知，GreatBooksSummerProgram的四個(gè)校園課程都在為研討班式大

學(xué)課程和SAT批判性思維部分提供準(zhǔn)備。由此可知，這四個(gè)校園課程的共同點(diǎn)是它們?yōu)閷W(xué)生參加SAT考試

做準(zhǔn)備。故選B項(xiàng)。

EradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutionfortwoofourcounty'slongstandingproblems:garbage

andpoverty.It?scalledtheChipBagProject.The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisaskinga

favoroflocalsnacklovers:RatherthanthrowyouremptyChipbagsinthetrash,donatethemsoshecanturnthem

intosleepingbagsforthehomeless.

ChipeatersdropofftheiremptybagsfromDoritos,Lay's,andotherfavoritesattwolocationsinDetroit:aprint

shopandaclothingstore,whereOleitaandhervolunteerhelperscollectthem.Aftertheycleanthechipbagsinsoapy

hotwater,theyslicethenopen,laythemfat,andironthemtogether.

Ittakesaboutfourhourstosewasleepingbag,andeachtakesaround150to300chipbags,dependingon

whetherthey'resingle-serveorfamilysize.Theresultisasleepingbagthatis"waterproof,lightweight,andeasyto

carryaround,MOleitatoldtheDetroilNews.

Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthascollectedmorethan80,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,

created110sleepingbags.

Sure,itwouldbesimplertoraisethemoneytobuynewseepingbags.Butthat'sonlyhalfthegoalfor

Oleita——whosefamilymovedtotheUnitedStatesfromNigeriaadecadeagowiththehopeofattainingabetter

life-andherfellowvolunteers.t4Wearecommittedtomakinganimpactnotonlysocially,butenvironmentally,she

says.

And,ofcourse,there9sthesymbolismofsalvagingbagsthatwouldotherwiselandinthetrashandusingthemto

helpthehomeless.Tsapowerfulreminderthatenvironmentalinjusticeandpovertyoftengohandinhand.AsOleita

toldhourdetroitcom:"Ithinkifstimetoshowconnectionsbetweenalloftheseissues.^^

4.WhatisthepurposeoftheChipBagProject?

A.Tomakedonationsforthehomeless.

B.Todealwithgarbageandsleepingbags.

C.Tostoppollutioncausedbysnacklovers.

D.Toprotecttheenvironmentandreducepoverty.

5.HowdidOleitagetmaterialsforsleepingbags?

A.Byturningtochipeaters.

B.Byproducingchipbags.

C.Bypurchasingsnacks.

D.Bycooperatingwiththepoor.

6.Whichoftheflowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“salvaging“inthelastparagraph?

A.Sewing.B.Designing.

C.Emptying.D.Recycling.

7.WhichofhefollowingbestdescribesEradajereOleita?

A.Devotedandcreative.B.Detenninedandhonest.

C.Ambitiousandhumorous.D.Caringandindependent.

【4?7題答案】

【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)名為ChipBagProject的公益項(xiàng)目，通過回收空薯片袋，為

無家可歸者制作睡袋，既保護(hù)了環(huán)境，又減少了貧困。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句"EradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutionfortwoofourcounty's

longstandingproblems:garbageandpoverty.It'scalledtheChipBagProject.（EradajereOleita認(rèn)為，她或許可以

部分解決我們縣的兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)期問題：垃圾和貧困。它叫做ChipBagProject）”可知，為了解決垃圾和貧困問題，

EradajereOleita開展了ChipBagProjecto由此可知，ChipBagProject的目的是保護(hù)環(huán)境和減少貧困。故選D

項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句"The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisaskingafavorof

localsnacklovers:RatherthanthrowyouremptyChipbagsinthetrash,donatethemsoshecanturntheminto

sleepingbagsforthehomeless.（這位來自底特律的26歲學(xué)生和環(huán)保人士請(qǐng)求當(dāng)?shù)亓闶硱酆谜邘兔Γ号c其把你

的空薯片袋扔到垃圾桶里，不如把它們捐出來，這樣她就可以把它們變成無家可歸者的睡袋）”可知，制作

睡袋的材料是空薯片袋，為了獲得空薯片袋,Oleita請(qǐng)求當(dāng)?shù)氐牧闶硱酆谜邘兔?，讓他們把空薯片袋捐出來?/p>

由此可知，Oleita是通過向吃薯片的人求助來獲得睡袋材料的。故選A項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句"Ittakesaboutfourhourstosewasleepingbag,andeachtakesaround150to300

chipbags,dependingonwhetherthey'resingle-serveorfamilysize.（縫制一個(gè)睡袋大約需要四個(gè)小時(shí)，每個(gè)睡袋

大約需要150到300個(gè)薯片袋，這取決于它們是提供給個(gè)人的大小還是家庭的大?。焙偷箶?shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句

“"Wearecommittedtomakinganimpactnotonlysocially,butenvironmentally,5,shesays.（"我們致力于不僅在

社會(huì)上，而且在環(huán)境上產(chǎn)生影響，”她說）"可知，ChipBagProject的目的之一是保護(hù)環(huán)境，通過回收空薯

片袋，為無家可歸者制作睡袋。由此可知，劃線單詞所在句指的是回收那些本來會(huì)被扔在垃圾桶里的袋子，

并用它們來幫助無家可歸的人，劃線詞salvaging與“recycling（回收）”意思接近。故選D項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“The26-year-oldstudentandenvironmentalistfromDetroitisaskingafhvorof

localsnacklovers:RatherthanthrowyouremptyChipbagsinthetrash,donatethemsoshecanturntheminto

sleepingbagsforthehomeless.（這位來自底特律的26歲學(xué)生和環(huán)保人士請(qǐng)求當(dāng)?shù)亓闶硱酆谜邘兔Γ号c其把你

的空薯片袋扔到垃圾桶里，不如把它們捐出來，這樣她就可以把它們變成無家可歸者的睡袋）”可知，Oleita

通過回收空薯片為無家可歸者制作睡袋，這是一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造性的想法；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段內(nèi)容"Sinceitsstartin

2020,theChipBagProjecthascollectedmorethan80,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,created110sleeping

bags.（自2020年啟動(dòng)以來，ChipBagProject已經(jīng)收集了超過80000個(gè)薯片袋，截至去年12月，已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了

110個(gè)睡袋）”可知，Oleita是一個(gè)有奉獻(xiàn)精神的人。由此推知，EradajereOleita是一個(gè)有奉獻(xiàn)精神和創(chuàng)造性

的人。故選A項(xiàng)。

C

ScientistsinAustraliahavediscoveredthattheycanusetheworld'ssmelliestfruitstomakedevicesthatcould

powerelectriccars.Adurianisafruitthatlookslikeapineapple.ItisadelicacyinsomeAsiancountries,butitssmell

issounpleasantthatsomeofthosecountrieshavebanneditfrompublicplaces.Itssmellhasbeencomparedtorotting

eggsandevensmellyoldgymsocks.

VincentGomesandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofSydney,inAustralia,usedaduriananda

jackfruit—anotherfruitknownfbritsterriblesmell—tomakeenergystoringdevicescalledsupcrcapacitors.

Supercapacitorsareanalternativetobatteries.Theycan'tstoreasmuchenergyasanormalbatterydoes,but

theyaremuchquickertorecharge.Duriansandjackfruitscontainsomeofthechemicalsusedinsupercapacitors,

whichgaveGomestheidea.Tomakethefruit-baseddevices,theteamheatedandthenfreeze-driedtheuneatable

coresofthedurianandjackfruittomakeaspecialkindofmaterialcalledanaerogel.

Aerogelsareoneoftheworld'slightestsolidmaterials.Oftencalled"frozensmoke”,theyaremadeby

removingtheliquidfromagelandreplacingitwithair.Theyhavemanyscientificuses,butoneoftheirspecial

propertiesistheabilitytoconductelectriccurrents,whichmakesthemanimportantpartofsupercapacitors.The

aerogelsmadefromdurianandjackfruitbothworkedwellwhenplacedinsideasupcreapacitor,althoughthedurian

aerogelwasfoundtobethebetterofthetwo.

Thediscoveryisimportantbecausethematerialscurrentlyusedtomakesupercapacitorsareexpensive.Using

naturalfoodslikeduriansandjackfruits,Gomessays,couldreduceenvironmentalpollution,aswellascosts.

8.Whatmakessomecountrieshavedifferentattitudestowardthedurian?

A.Itssmell.B.Itsappearance.

C.Itsvalue.D.Itspopularity.

9.WhichparagraphmentionsGomes'sinspirationofinnovation?

A.Paragraph1.B.Paragraph2.

C.Paragraph3.D.Paragraph4.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph4referto?

A.Aerogels.B.Scientificuses.

C.Properties.D.Electriccurrents.

11.Whatcanwelearnaboutfruit-basedsupercapacitors?

A.Theyaredevicesforproducingelectricity.

B.Theyarechemicalsfromdurians.

C.Theyaregreenandeconomical.

D.Theyarelightandliquid.

【8?11題答案】

【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以使用榴蓮和菠蘿蜜等天然食品制造超

級(jí)電容器，這樣可以減少環(huán)境污染和制作成本。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句"Adurianisafruitthatlookslikeapineapple.ItisadelicacyinsomeAsian

countries,butissmellissounpleasantthatsomeofthosecountrieshavebanneditfrompublicplaces.n（榴蓮是一

種看起來像菠蘿的水果。在一些亞洲國(guó)家，它是一種美味，但它的氣味非常難聞，以至于其中一些國(guó)家禁

止在公共場(chǎng)所食用它）可知，有些亞洲國(guó)家認(rèn)為榴蓮是一種美味，但因?yàn)樗臍馕斗浅ｋy聞，所以其中一些

國(guó)家禁止在公共場(chǎng)所食用它，由此可知，一些國(guó)家對(duì)榴蓮有不同的態(tài)度是因?yàn)樗臍馕?。故選A項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句"Supercapacitorsareanalternativetobatteries.Theycan'tstoreasmuchenergy

asanormalbatterydoes,buttheyaremuchquickertorecharge.Duriansandjackfruitscontainsomeofthechemicals

usedinsupercapacitors,whichgaveGomestheidea.M（超級(jí)電容器是電池的替代品。它們不能像普通電池那樣

儲(chǔ)存能量，但充電速度要快得多。榴蓮和菠蘿蜜含有超級(jí)電容器中使用的一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這讓Gomes產(chǎn)生

了這個(gè)想法）可知，文章第三段中介紹了因?yàn)榱裆徍筒ぬ}蜜含有超級(jí)電容器中使用的一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這讓

Gomes獲得了創(chuàng)新的靈感，由此可知，文章第三段提到了Gomes創(chuàng)新的靈感。故選C項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線單詞上文“Aerogelsareoneoftheworld'slightestsolidmaterials,Oftencalled"frozen

smoke”,theyaremadebyremovingtheliquidfromagelandreplacingitwithair.Theyhavemanyscientificuses,

butoneoftheirspecialpropertiesistheabilitytoconductelectriccurrents...v（氣凝膠是世界上最輕的固體材料

之一，通常被稱為“冷凍煙霧”，它們是通過從凝膠中去除液體并用空氣代替而制成的。它們有許多科學(xué)

用途，但它們的一個(gè)特殊特性是傳導(dǎo)電流的能力……）可知，上文主要介紹的是氣凝膠，句中指氣凝膠有許

多科學(xué)用途，氣凝膠的一個(gè)特殊特性是傳導(dǎo)電流的能力，由此可知，畫線單詞所在句指的是這使得氣凝成

為超級(jí)電容器的重要組成部分，由此可知，句中“them”代指的是上文提到的“Aerogels”（氣凝膠）。故選

A項(xiàng)。

【11題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Thediscoveryisimportantbecausethematerialscurrentlyusedtomake

supercapacitorsareexpensive.Usingnaturalfoodslikeduriansandjackfruits,Gomessays,couldreduce

environmentalpollution,aswellascosts."（這一發(fā)現(xiàn)很重要，因?yàn)槟壳坝糜谥圃斐?jí)電容器的材料很昂貴。

Gomes說，使用榴蓮和菠蘿蜜等天然食品可以減少環(huán)境污染和成本）可知，使用榴蓮和菠蘿蜜等天然食品制

造超級(jí)電容器可以減少環(huán)境污染和成本，由此可知，關(guān)于水果超級(jí)電容器，我們能知道它們既環(huán)保又經(jīng)濟(jì)。

故選C項(xiàng)。

D

Byexaminingtinyvessels（血管）insideaperson'seyes,doctorsmightonedaybeabletopredictthatperson's

riskofearlydeath,accordingtoanewstudy.

Pastresearchhadshowntheretina（視網(wǎng)膜），light-sensitivelayersofnervetissueatthebackoftheeye,asa

possibleindicatorofaperson'sbjologicalage.Theretinaoffersaunique,accessible“window“toevaluate

underlyingpathological（病理的）processesofsomeseriousdiseasesthatareassociatedwithincreasedrisksofdeath.

Inthenewstudy,theresearchersturnedtoadeep-learningtechniquethatcouldpredictaperson'sriskofdeathby

analyzingthebiologicalageoftheretina.

Theirdeep-Ieamingmodel,atypeofmachinelearningandartificialintelligencethat'smodeledtolearnsimilar

toahumanbrain,analyzedmorethan80.000imagesoffundus（眼底）-theinternalbacksurfaceoftheeyethat

includestheretina.Theyobtainedtheimagesfromnearly47.000peoplebetweentheagesof40and69,storedinthe

UK.Biobank.TOfigureoutwhethertheirmodelwasaccurate,theyfirstanalyzedmorethan19,000fundusimages

takenfrommorethan1,100participantswhowereinrelativelygoodhealth.Theideawasthattheretinalbiological

agesofthesepeopleshouldbefairlysimilartotheirchronologicalage（實(shí)際年齡）.

Themodelwasfairlyaccurateinpredictingretinalages,withanaccuracyofwithin3.5yearstochronological

ages.Theythenusedthemodeltoassesstheremainingnearly36,000participants,fundusphotoscollectedacrossa

spanof11years.Theyfoundthat51percentoftheparticipantshada"retinalagegap"-thedifferencebetween

biologicalandchronologicalage-ofmorethan3years,28percenthadagapofmorethan5yearsand4.5percenthad

agapofmorethan10years.Inotherwords,theseparticipantshad“older”eyescomparedtotheirchronologicalage.

Thosewhohadlargeragegapshada49-67percenthigherriskofdeathfromcausesotherthancardiovascular

diseaseorcancer.Witheveryoneyearincreaseintheagegap,theriskofdeathincreasedby2percentforanycause

and3percentforcausesotherthancardiovasculardiseaseandcancer.

12.Whatcanweknowabouttheretina?

A.Itcausesseriousdiseases.

B.Itindicatestheriskofdeath.

C.Itspeedspathologicalprocesses.

D.Itimprovespeople'sphysicalhealth.

13.Howdoresearchersknowtheretinalage?

A.Byexaminingthenervetissue.

B.Bystudyingthehumanbrain,

C.Bycheckingtheeyesight.

D.Byanalyzingfundusimages.

14.Whatpercentageoftheparticipantshadthelargestretinalagegap?

A.3.5%.B.4.5%.C.28%.D.51%

15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Anewstudyisconductedontinyvessels

B.Imagetechnologyisusedtopredictdiseases

CEyesmayrevealaperson'sbiologicalage

D.Adeep-leaningontheretinaisnecessary

【12?15題答案】

【答案】12.B13.D14.B15.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)通過視網(wǎng)膜可以分析人的生理年齡進(jìn)而預(yù)測(cè)死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theretinaoffersaunique,accessible"window"toevaluateunderlyingpathological

（病理的）processesofsomeseriousdiseasesthatareassociatedwithincreasedrisksofdeath.（視網(wǎng)膜提供了一個(gè)

獨(dú)特的、可訪問的‘窗口’來評(píng)估一些與死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加相關(guān)的嚴(yán)重疾病的潛在病理過程）”可知，視網(wǎng)膜可

以暗示死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選B。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的"Inthenewstudy,theresearchersturnedtoadeep-learningtechniquethatcould

predictaperson'sriskofdeathbyanalyzingthebiologicalageoftheretina.（在這項(xiàng)新研究中，研究人員轉(zhuǎn)向了一

種深度學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)，該技術(shù)可以通過分析視網(wǎng)膜的生物年齡來預(yù)測(cè)一個(gè)人的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）”和第三段的“Their

deep-lcamingmodel,atypeofmachinelearningandartificialintelligencethat'smodeledtolearnsimilartoa

humanbrain,analyzedmorethan80.000imagesoffundus（眼底）（他們的深度學(xué)習(xí)模型是一種機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工

智能的模型，其學(xué)習(xí)方式類似于人腦。該模型分析了超過80000張眼底圖像）”可知，研究人員通過分析眼

底圖像來了解視網(wǎng)膜的年齡。故選D。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的Theyfoundthat51percentoftheparticipantshada"retinalagegap”-the

differencebetweenbiologicalandchronologicalage-ofmorethan3years,28percenthadagapofmorethan5

yearsand4.5percenthadagapofmorethan10years.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，51%的參與者的“視網(wǎng)膜年齡差距”---生

物年齡和時(shí)間年齡之間的差異——超過3年，28%的參與者的差距超過5年，4.5%的參與者的差距超過10

年）”可知，視網(wǎng)膜年齡差最大的參與者占總參與者的4.5%。故選B。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容,尤其第一段“Byexaminingtinyvessels（血管）insideaperson,seyes,

doctorsmightonedaybeabletopredictthatperson'sriskofearlydeath,accordingtoanewstudy.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的

研究，通過檢查一個(gè)人眼睛內(nèi)的微小血管，醫(yī)生也許有一天能夠預(yù)測(cè)這個(gè)人早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）”和第二段的“In

thenewstudy,theresearchersturnedtoadeep-learningtechniquethatcouldpredictaperson'sriskofdeathby

analyzingthebiologicalageoftheretina.（在這項(xiàng)新研究中，研究人員轉(zhuǎn)向了一種深度學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)，該技術(shù)可以

通過分析視網(wǎng)膜的生物年齡來預(yù)測(cè)一個(gè)人的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）”可知，本文主要介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)通過視網(wǎng)膜可以分析

人的生理年齡進(jìn)而預(yù)測(cè)死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故C項(xiàng)“眼睛或許可以透露一個(gè)人的生理年齡'’可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)

題。故選CO

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)，

Nomatterwhatyourgoalsareinlife,thereisonegreatlawthatyouneedtoobeyinordertobesuccessful:No

oneelseisgoingtoclimbtheladder（梯子）ofsuccessforyou.16Promthedayyouleaveyourparents*

house,youareresponsibleforyourlifeandthechoicesyoumake.

Ifyouwantabetterlife,youneedtomakebetterdecisions.However,itdoesn'tchangeanything.

Onlyyoucanchangeyourlifebychangingthechoicesyoumake.Takeresponsibilityforeverythinginyourlife.

Evenifit'snotinyourdirectcontrol,youcanalwayschoosehowyourespond.

18Ifyouchoosewhatisfunandeasyoverwhatisnecessary,youwillneverreachthelevelsof

successandhappinessyouarecapableofachievinginyourlife.Thafsbecauseeverygreatvictoryrequiresgreat

sacrifice.Ifsuccesswaseasy,everybodywouldbesuccess.

Thereisnothingthatyoucan'tachievewithhardwork.Peopleoftenthinkthattheirliveswillsuddenlychange

throughsomemagicaleventinthefuture.19Yourlifechangesonlytotheextentthatyouchange.Nothing

willeverchangeifyoudon'tchangewhatyoudodaily.

Agreatwaytoactivelycreateyourfutureistoaskyourself:IfIalreadyachievedmygoals,howwouldIacton

adailybasis?WhatbookswouldIread,howoftenwouldIworkout,andhowwouldIspendmytimeattheoffice?

20

A.Butthatisnotthecase.

B.Nooneelseisresponsibleforyourlife.

C.Nowthesequestionsseemlikemagictoyou.

D.Nothingelsecanbethedriveforyoursuccess.

E.Onceyouanswerthesequestions,youknowwhattodo.

F.Thebiggestenemytosuccessisthepathofleastresistance.

G.Youcanblameotherpeopleforyourlackofhappinessalllifelong.

[16-20題答案】

【答案】16.B17.G18.F19.A20.E

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章就如何過上成功的生活提出了一些建議。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Nooneelseisgoingtoclimbtheladder（梯子）ofsuccessfbryou.（沒有人能為你爬上成功的階梯）”

和下文**Fromthedayyouleaveyourparents'house,youareresponsibleforyourlifeandthechoicesyou

make.（你離開父母家的那一天起，你就要為自己的生活和所做的選擇負(fù)責(zé)）”可知，沒人能為我們爬上成功

的階梯，離家之后我們就要對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé)。由此可知，沒有任何人能對(duì)我們的生活負(fù)責(zé)。B項(xiàng)“沒有人對(duì)你

的生活負(fù)責(zé)”符合題意，responsible是關(guān)鍵詞。故選B。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)下文uHowever,itdoesn'tchangeanything.Onlyyoucanchangeyourlifebychangingthechoicesyou

make.（然而，這并沒有改變什么。只有你能通過改變自己的選擇來改變自己的人生）”推知，空處陳述了一

種我們常常做但卻沒有任何意義、不能對(duì)自己的人生做出任何改變的行為。G項(xiàng)“你可以將一生的不幸福

歸咎于他人”符合題意，下文的it指代選項(xiàng)所陳述的內(nèi)容。故選G。

【18題詳解】

空處為本段主旨句。根據(jù)下文“Ifyouchoosewhatisfiinandeasyoverwhatisnecessary,youwillneverreach

thelevelsofsuccessandhappinessyouarecapableofachievinginyourlife.That'sbecauseeverygreatvictory

requiresgreatsacrifice.Ifsuccesswaseasy,everybodywouldbesuccess.（如果你選擇了有趣而簡(jiǎn)單的東西而不

是必要的東西，你將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)達(dá)到你在生活中能夠達(dá)到的成功和幸福的水平。因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)偉大的勝利都需

要巨大的犧牲。如果成功很容易，每個(gè)人都會(huì)成功）”可知，成功需要需要犧牲，選擇簡(jiǎn)單和樂趣是不能成

功的。由此推知，空處提出成功忌諱選擇簡(jiǎn)單容易的方式。F項(xiàng)“成功的最大敵人是阻力最小的道路”符合

題意，thepathofleastresistance指代下文的whatisfunandeasy。故選F。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)上文"Peopleoftenthinkthattheirliveswillsuddenlychangethroughsomemagicaleventinthefuture.（人們

經(jīng)常認(rèn)為他們的生活會(huì)因?yàn)槲磥淼囊恍┥衿媸录蝗桓淖儯?和下文"Yourlifechangesonlytotheextent

thatyouchange.Nothingwilleverchangeifyoudon'tchangewhatyoudodaily.（你的生活只有在你改變的程度

上才會(huì)改變。如果你不改變你每天做的事情，什么都不會(huì)改變）”可知，生活不會(huì)因?yàn)橐恍┥衿娴氖虑槎?/p>

變，除非你自己做出改變。由此推知，空處陳述上文提到的情況并非事實(shí)。A項(xiàng)“但事實(shí)并非如此”符合

題意，承上啟下。故選A。

【20題詳解】

空處位于段末，應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)上文uIfIalreadyachievedmygoals,howwouldIactonadailybasis?What

bookswouldIread,howoftenwouldIworkout,andhowwouldIspendmytimeattheoffice?（如果我已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)

了我的目標(biāo)，我每天該怎么做？我會(huì)讀什么書，多久鍛煉一次，我會(huì)如何在辦公室度過時(shí)間？）”可知，上

文提出了三個(gè)問題。由此推知，空處陳述的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與這三個(gè)問題相關(guān)。E項(xiàng)“一旦你回答了這些問題，你就

知道該怎么做了”符合題意，thesequestions指上文的三個(gè)問題。故選E。

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳

選項(xiàng)。

rdlovetohavebeenajournalist,ButIwasn't21enough.Iwasalwaysabletowriteagoodletter-1

justcouldn'tstareatablanksheetofpaperand22astory.ButIwentintoadvertisingafteruniversityand

23fellinlovewithit.

Ialwayshadthe24ofspeech.Iwasschooledatthedinnertable.Myfatherusedto