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PAGEPAGE1內(nèi)向者如何更好面對(duì)大眾進(jìn)行演講第一篇:內(nèi)向者如何更好面對(duì)大眾進(jìn)行演講內(nèi)向者如何更好面對(duì)大眾進(jìn)行演講?20XX-06-16改變自己#周四每周多學(xué)個(gè)技能#彭縈我自己也是一個(gè)內(nèi)向者,因?yàn)楣ぷ骱托麄鞯男枰仨毺岣咦约旱难葜v能力,我發(fā)現(xiàn)這并不容易。公眾演講對(duì)內(nèi)向者來(lái)說(shuō)是跳出舒適區(qū)進(jìn)入挑戰(zhàn)區(qū)的事情。今天我們邀請(qǐng)了Toastmasters的一個(gè)北京俱樂(lè)部的PresidentKevin來(lái)和我們講講如何更好的做演講。Toastmasters是一個(gè)全球性的英文演講俱樂(lè)部。內(nèi)向者的公眾演說(shuō)三步曲內(nèi)向的人,對(duì)“公眾演說(shuō)”往往非常糾結(jié):一方面,他們知道公眾演說(shuō)可以給自己的職業(yè)、生活帶來(lái)更多活力與色彩;但另一方面,他們又因?yàn)樘舾杏趧e人對(duì)自己的評(píng)價(jià),而遲遲不愿(敢)動(dòng)身去試。作為一名擁有四年半會(huì)齡的土司馬斯(國(guó)際演說(shuō)組織Toastmasters會(huì)員的昵稱),我見(jiàn)過(guò)為數(shù)不少的演講高手,也接觸過(guò)多得多的演講菜鳥(niǎo),期間受到啟發(fā)無(wú)數(shù);受彭縈邀請(qǐng),在這里談?wù)剝?nèi)向的人突破公眾演說(shuō)的策略。請(qǐng)看,內(nèi)向者的(英語(yǔ))公眾演說(shuō)三步曲:第一步:磨練語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)內(nèi)向的你,對(duì)外界的評(píng)價(jià)往往十分敏感。一句贊美的話,可以讓你熬過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)難關(guān);但一句負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià),便可能令你瞬間泄氣。對(duì)此,“打磨好語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)”,擁有神奇的療效(電視購(gòu)物廣告來(lái)了!~_~)。原因很簡(jiǎn)單:我們生活在一個(gè)人們仰慕“純正口音”的國(guó)度里。只要你擁有比較“純正”的美式口音(其他國(guó)家的“純正”發(fā)音不那么受待見(jiàn),比如,“純正”的印度口音),那么你一開(kāi)口,就很容易獲得人們的認(rèn)可,從而獲得更多前行的“信心燃料”。打磨語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)可以短期(比如,1-3個(gè)月)內(nèi)突破:如果你不差錢(qián),到新東方上個(gè)語(yǔ)音課程是個(gè)很好的選擇;如果你不愿意花錢(qián),在網(wǎng)上找個(gè)靠譜的語(yǔ)音教程免費(fèi)學(xué)習(xí)也不錯(cuò)。我在高中時(shí)曾花了一個(gè)月的生活費(fèi),購(gòu)買(mǎi)李陽(yáng)瘋狂英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)音教程學(xué)習(xí)(他的“家庭暴力”固然令人厭惡,但他的發(fā)音教程是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇)。在搞定美語(yǔ)發(fā)音后,我花了2個(gè)月的時(shí)間,下功夫背熟了幾篇著名的演講、散文、詩(shī)歌(比如,我最喜歡的TheGettysburgAddress,羅素的WhatIHaveLivedfor等)——前后3個(gè)月左右的時(shí)間,幾百上千遍的專注練習(xí),讓我的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)以及對(duì)英語(yǔ)的感覺(jué)都有了飛躍,為我在之后的演講訓(xùn)練奠定了厚實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。第二步:積累優(yōu)質(zhì)內(nèi)容若你的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)已經(jīng)非常地道,但所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容空洞無(wú)物,那么你充其量只是一個(gè)美國(guó)農(nóng)民或工人(沒(méi)有對(duì)工人、農(nóng)民不敬,只是實(shí)事求是地陳述),很快,人們就會(huì)對(duì)你失去興趣,更別說(shuō)仰慕了。要成為一名演講高手,你需要積累優(yōu)質(zhì)內(nèi)容(qualitycontent)來(lái)征服你的觀眾。我比較偏執(zhí)地認(rèn)為,內(nèi)向的人,有一個(gè)巨大的優(yōu)勢(shì):思考問(wèn)題比較深入。既然這是優(yōu)勢(shì),那就應(yīng)該發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。你可以每周拿出1-2個(gè)小時(shí),好好梳理自己與眾不同的觀點(diǎn),記錄相關(guān)的有趣故事,作為自己將來(lái)“驚人之語(yǔ)”的重要來(lái)源。創(chuàng)建北京第一家Toastmasters俱樂(lè)部的,是一位叫Keith的美國(guó)人。他告訴我,他用Access軟件裝了一萬(wàn)多個(gè)有用的素材,有的只是一段名言警句,有的只是一個(gè)新奇的觀點(diǎn),而有的,則是長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)分鐘的故事。正是這樣的積累,他的每次演說(shuō)我才會(huì)聽(tīng)得如癡如醉;而也正是這樣的積累,才使得他能在挑戰(zhàn)性極高的ExecutiveCoaching(高管訓(xùn)練)的工作中出類拔萃。另一個(gè)積累優(yōu)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的方法,是多上TED.com這樣的網(wǎng)站上看演講。這個(gè)網(wǎng)站匯集了世界各地最有創(chuàng)意、最具前瞻視野的精英人物的思想和觀點(diǎn),每天泡上30分鐘,慢慢地,你的想法會(huì)變得深刻,你的觀點(diǎn)會(huì)變得多元——最后,當(dāng)你與觀眾分享時(shí),受到禮遇就是一件水到渠成的事。第三步:參加演講活動(dòng)前兩步是可以私底下進(jìn)行的準(zhǔn)備工作,接下來(lái)就應(yīng)該“是騾子是馬拉出來(lái)溜溜”了。“沒(méi)反饋,無(wú)進(jìn)步”,這是學(xué)習(xí)任何技能時(shí)都適用的準(zhǔn)則。內(nèi)向的你特別在意別人的評(píng)價(jià),因此,如何給你反饋至關(guān)重要。如果一味贊揚(yáng),你得不到進(jìn)步,甚至覺(jué)得對(duì)方虛偽;但如果給予反饋不得法,又很可能傷害你的自尊自信,斷送你的演講之旅。Toastmasters演說(shuō)組織能很好地解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題:在俱樂(lè)部的演講活動(dòng)上,你得到的反饋,永遠(yuǎn)充滿鼓勵(lì);而因?yàn)橛芯銟?lè)部手冊(cè)的指導(dǎo),給你反饋的人又不至于“瞎說(shuō)”!因此,你的自尊心將得到呵護(hù),你的自信心會(huì)在不斷的進(jìn)步中得到加強(qiáng)。我曾拉我的一個(gè)大學(xué)小師弟去參加Toastmasters活動(dòng)。這位跟女生說(shuō)話都會(huì)臉紅的羞澀男生,第一次上臺(tái)做自我介紹時(shí),報(bào)完名字后,就滿臉通紅,再也說(shuō)不下去了!就這樣一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)可救藥的家伙,在俱樂(lè)部大量的“鼓勵(lì)性反饋”下,經(jīng)過(guò)半年多時(shí)間的練習(xí),已經(jīng)能用正常的語(yǔ)速頗為自信地做完一個(gè)7分鐘的演講,偶爾,還能爆出個(gè)挺不錯(cuò)的笑話。我想,無(wú)論如何,你也該比我的師弟強(qiáng)吧。別再等了,takeactionNOW!!不要等到萬(wàn)事具備才去做;很多時(shí)候,做了,得到了“反饋”,你才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己“真正”需要什么。上面的三步曲,提供的不是“短平快”的碎片化技巧,而是一個(gè)“優(yōu)化表達(dá)-鍛造內(nèi)容-善用反饋”的正循環(huán)。在這個(gè)循環(huán)里,你的信心將得到加強(qiáng),你的優(yōu)勢(shì)將得到發(fā)揮,你的進(jìn)步將得以量化。希望你在這個(gè)循環(huán)里,尋找到屬于自己的節(jié)奏。by嘉賓KevinHuang封面圖CrowdedbySimonOxley彭縈提示:到上,點(diǎn)擊findaclub按鈕,你就可以快速找到你所在城市的所有Toastmasters的俱樂(lè)部哦。有的是一周一次,有的是兩周一次,你剛開(kāi)始可以隨意去參加試聽(tīng)?zhēng)状?,感受不同俱?lè)部的風(fēng)格,再最后挑一家正式加入。#周四每周多學(xué)個(gè)技能#今天你做了什么改變?來(lái)自@佳音liveyoung:“最近在業(yè)余時(shí)間開(kāi)始堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)韓語(yǔ),學(xué)不進(jìn)去了就畫(huà)畫(huà),畫(huà)完了心情平靜了就接著學(xué)。現(xiàn)在累了,靠在椅子上看微信,感覺(jué)到快樂(lè)的疲憊。目前為止“改變自己”讓我最為受益的不是學(xué)到了多少東西,是接觸新領(lǐng)域的時(shí)候不再是抵觸和拖延,而是躍躍欲試。這真的很讓人開(kāi)心,生活充滿力量?!比绻闶艿缴厦鎤echanger朋友心聲的鼓舞,請(qǐng)回復(fù)Y。如果你“改變自己”的故事想和大家分享,請(qǐng)告訴我們。想和我們一起每天改變一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)嗎?點(diǎn)擊右上角省略號(hào)圖標(biāo)選“關(guān)注官方賬號(hào)”或搜“wechanger”即可關(guān)注我們,還可以把這條微信分享給你微信上的朋友,讓他們和你一起改變!舉報(bào)第二篇:內(nèi)向者的力量[TED]TED演講稿SusanCain:ThePowerofIntrovertsWhenIwasnineyearsoldIwentofftosummercampforthefirsttime.Andmymotherpackedmeasuitcasefullofbooks,whichtomeseemedlikeaperfectlynaturalthingtodo.Becauseinmyfamily,readingwastheprimarygroupactivity.Andthismightsoundantisocialtoyou,butforusitwasreallyjustadifferentwayofbeingsocial.Youhavetheanimalwarmthofyourfamilysittingrightnexttoyou,butyouarealsofreetogoroamingaroundtheadventurelandinsideyourownmind.AndIhadthisideathatcampwasgoingtobejustlikethis,butbetter.(Laughter)Ihadavisionof10girlssittinginacabincozilyreadingbooksintheirmatchingnightgowns.(Laughter)Campwasmorelikeakegpartywithoutanyalcohol.Andontheveryfirstdayourcounselorgatheredusalltogetherandshetaughtusacheerthatshesaidwewouldbedoingeverydayfortherestofthesummertoinstillcampspirit.Anditwentlikethis:“R-O-W-D-I-E,that'sthewaywespellrowdie.Rowdie,rowdie,let'sgetrowdie.”Yeah.SoIcouldn'tfigureoutforthelifeofmewhyweweresupposedtobesorowdy,orwhywehadtospellthiswordincorrectly.(Laughter)ButIrecitedacheer.Irecitedacheeralongwitheverybodyelse.Ididmybest.AndIjustwaitedforthetimethatIcouldgooffandreadmybooks.ButthefirsttimethatItookmybookoutofmysuitcase,thecoolestgirlinthebunkcameuptomeandsheaskedme,“Whyareyoubeingsomellow?”--mellow,ofcourse,beingtheexactoppositeofR-O-W-D-I-E.AndthenthesecondtimeItriedit,thecounselorcameuptomewithaconcernedexpressiononherfaceandsherepeatedthepointaboutcampspiritandsaidweshouldallworkveryhardtobeoutgoing.AndsoIputmybooksaway,backintheirsuitcase,andIputthemundermybed,andtheretheystayedfortherestofthesummer.AndIfeltkindofguiltyaboutthis.Ifeltasifthebooksneededmesomehow,andtheywerecallingouttomeandIwasforsakingthem.ButIdidforsakethemandIdidn'topenthatsuitcaseagainuntilIwasbackhomewithmyfamilyattheendofthesummer.Now,Itellyouthisstoryaboutsummercamp.Icouldhavetoldyou50othersjustlikeit--allthetimesthatIgotthemessagethatsomehowmyquietandintrovertedstyleofbeingwasnotnecessarilytherightwaytogo,thatIshouldbetryingtopassasmoreofanextrovert.AndIalwayssenseddeepdownthatthiswaswrongandthatintrovertswereprettyexcellentjustastheywere.ButforyearsIdeniedthisintuition,andsoIbecameaWallStreetlawyer,ofallthings,insteadofthewriterthatIhadalwayslongedtobe--partlybecauseIneededtoprovetomyselfthatIcouldbeboldandassertivetoo.AndIwasalwaysgoingofftocrowdedbarswhenIreallywouldhavepreferredtojusthaveanicedinnerwithfriends.AndImadetheseself-negatingchoicessoreflexively,thatIwasn'tevenawarethatIwasmakingthem.TED演講稿Nowthisiswhatmanyintrovertsdo,andit'sourlossforsure,butitisalsoourcolleagues'lossandourcommunities'loss.Andattheriskofsoundinggrandiose,itistheworld'sloss.Becausewhenitcomestocreativityandtoleadership,weneedintrovertsdoingwhattheydobest.Athirdtoahalfofthepopulationareintroverts--athirdtoahalf.Sothat'soneoutofeverytwoorthreepeopleyouknow.Soevenifyou'reanextrovertyourself,I'mtalkingaboutyourcoworkersandyourspousesandyourchildrenandthepersonsittingnexttoyourightnow--allofthemsubjecttothisbiasthatisprettydeepandrealinoursociety.Weallinternalizeitfromaveryearlyagewithoutevenhavingalanguageforwhatwe'redoing.Nowtoseethebiasclearlyyouneedtounderstandwhatintroversionis.It'sdifferentfrombeingshy.Shynessisaboutfearofsocialjudgment.Introversionismoreabout,howdoyourespondtostimulation,includingsocialstimulation.Soextrovertsreallycravelargeamountsofstimulation,whereasintrovertsfeelattheirmostaliveandtheirmostswitched-onandtheirmostcapablewhenthey'reinquieter,morelow-keyenvironments.Notallthetime--thesethingsaren'tabsolute--butalotofthetime.Sothekeythentomaximizingourtalentsisforusalltoputourselvesinthezoneofstimulationthatisrightforus.Butnowhere'swherethebiascomesin.Ourmostimportantinstitutions,ourschoolsandourworkplaces,theyaredesignedmostlyforextrovertsandforextroverts'needforlotsofstimulation.AndalsowehavethisbeliefsystemrightnowthatIcallthenewgroupthink,whichholdsthatallcreativityandallproductivitycomesfromaveryoddlygregariousplace.Soifyoupicturethetypicalclassroomnowadays:WhenIwasgoingtoschool,wesatinrows.Wesatinrowsofdeskslikethis,andwedidmostofourworkprettyautonomously.Butnowadays,yourtypicalclassroomhaspodsofdesks--fourorfiveorsixorsevenkidsallfacingeachother.Andkidsareworkingincountlessgroupassignments.Eveninsubjectslikemathandcreativewriting,whichyouthinkwoulddependonsoloflightsofthought;kidsarenowexpectedtoactascommitteemembers.Andforthekidswhoprefertogooffbythemselvesorjusttoworkalone,thosekidsareseenasoutliersoftenor,worse,asproblemcases.Andthevastmajorityofteachersreportsbelievingthattheidealstudentisanextrovertasopposedtoanintrovert,eventhoughintrovertsactuallygetbettergradesandaremoreknowledgeable,accordingtoresearch.(Laughter)Okay,samethingistrueinourworkplaces.Now,mostofusworkinopenplanoffices,withoutwalls,wherewearesubjecttotheconstantnoiseandgazeofourcoworkers.Andwhenitcomestoleadership,introvertsareroutinelypassedoverforleadershippositions,eventhoughintrovertstendtobeverycareful,muchlesslikelytotakeoutsizerisks--whichissomethingwemightallfavornowadays.AndinterestingresearchbyAdamGrantattheWhartonSchoolhasfoundthatintrovertedleadersoftendeliverbetteroutcomesthanextrovertsdo,becausewhentheyaremanagingproactiveemployees,they'remuchmorelikelytoletthoseemployeesrunwiththeirideas,whereasanextrovertcan,quiteunwittingly,getsoexcitedaboutthingsthatthey'reputtingtheirownstamponthings,andotherpeople'sideasmightnotaseasilythenbubbleuptothesurface.TED演講稿Nowinfact,someofourtransformativeleadersinhistoryhavebeenintroverts.I'llgiveyousomeexamples.EleanorRoosevelt,RosaParks,Gandhi--allthesepeopleddescribedthemselvesasquietandsoft-spokenandevenshy.Andtheyalltookthespotlight,eventhougheveryboneintheirbodieswastellingthemnotto.Andthisturnsouttohaveaspecialpowerallitsown,becausepeoplecouldfeelthattheseleaderswereatthehelm,notbecausetheyenjoyeddirectingothersandnotoutofthepleasureofbeinglookedat;theyweretherebecausetheyhadnochoice,becausetheyweredriventodowhattheythoughtwasright.NowIthinkatthispointit'simportantformetosaythatIactuallyloveextroverts.Ialwaysliketosaysomeofmybestfriendsareextroverts,includingmybelovedhusband.Andweallfallatdifferentpoints,ofcourse,alongtheintrovert/extrovertspectrum.EvenCarlJung,thepsychologistwhofirstpopularizedtheseterms,saidthatthere'snosuchthingasapureintrovertorapureextrovert.Hesaidthatsuchamanwouldbeinalunaticasylum,ifheexistedatall.Andsomepeoplefallsmackinthemiddleoftheintrovert/extrovertspectrum,andwecallthesepeopleambiverts.AndIoftenthinkthattheyhavethebestofallworlds.Butmanyofusdorecognizeourselvesasonetypeortheother.AndwhatI'msayingisthatculturallyweneedamuchbetterbalance.Weneedmoreofayinandyangbetweenthesetwotypes.Thisisespeciallyimportantwhenitcomestocreativityandtoproductivity,becausewhenpsychologistslookatthelivesofthemostcreativepeople,whattheyfindarepeoplewhoareverygoodatexchangingideasandadvancingideas,butwhoalsohaveaseriousstreakofintroversioninthem.Andthisisbecausesolitudeisacrucialingredientoftentocreativity.SoDarwin,hetooklongwalksaloneinthewoodsandemphaticallyturneddowndinnerpartyinvitations.TheodorGeisel,betterknownasDr.Seuss,hedreamedupmanyofhisamazingcreationsinalonelybelltowerofficethathehadinthebackofhishouseinLaJolla,California.AndhewasactuallyafraidtomeettheyoungchildrenwhoreadhisbooksforfearthattheywereexpectinghimthiskindofjollySantaClaus-likefigureandwouldbedisappointedwithhismorereservedpersona.SteveWozniakinventedthefirstApplecomputersittingaloneinhiscubicalinHewlett-Packardwherehewasworkingatthetime.Andhesaysthatheneverwouldhavebecomesuchanexpertinthefirstplacehadhenotbeentoointrovertedtoleavethehousewhenhewasgrowingup.Nowofcourse,thisdoesnotmeanthatweshouldallstopcollaborating--andcaseinpoint,isSteveWozniakfamouslycomingtogetherwithSteveJobstostartAppleComputer--butitdoesmeanthatsolitudemattersandthatforsomepeopleitistheairthattheybreathe.Andinfact,wehaveknownforcenturiesaboutthetranscendentpowerofsolitude.It'sonlyrecentlythatwe'vestrangelybeguntoforgetit.Ifyoulookatmostoftheworld'smajorreligions,youwillfindseekers--Moses,Jesus,Buddha,Muhammad--seekerswhoaregoingoffbythemselvesalonetothewildernesswheretheythenhaveprofoundepiphaniesandrevelationsthattheythenbringbacktotherestofthecommunity.Sonowilderness,norevelations.TED演講稿Thisisnosurprisethoughifyoulookattheinsightsofcontemporarypsychology.Itturnsoutthatwecan'tevenbeinagroupofpeoplewithoutinstinctivelymirroring,mimickingtheiropinions.Evenaboutseeminglypersonalandvisceralthingslikewhoyou'reattractedto,youwillstartapingthebeliefsofthepeoplearoundyouwithoutevenrealizingthatthat'swhatyou'redoing.Andgroupsfamouslyfollowtheopinionsofthemostdominantorcharismaticpersonintheroom,eventhoughthere'szerocorrelationbetweenbeingthebesttalkerandhavingthebestideas--Imeanzero.So...(Laughter)Youmightbefollowingthepersonwiththebestideas,butyoumightnot.Anddoyoureallywanttoleaveituptochance?Muchbetterforeverybodytogooffbythemselves,generatetheirownideasfreedfromthedistortionsofgroupdynamics,andthencometogetherasateamtotalkthemthroughinawell-managedenvironmentandtakeitfromthere.Nowifallthisistrue,thenwhyarewegettingitsowrong?Whyarewesettingupourschoolsthiswayandourworkplaces?Andwhyarewemakingtheseintrovertsfeelsoguiltyaboutwantingtojustgooffbythemselvessomeofthetime?Oneanswerliesdeepinourculturalhistory.Westernsocieties,andinparticulartheU.S.,havealwaysfavoredthemanofactionoverthemanofcontemplationand“man”ofcontemplation.ButinAmerica'searlydays,welivedinwhathistorianscallacultureofcharacter,wherewestill,atthatpoint,valuedpeoplefortheirinnerselvesandtheirmoralrectitude.Andifyoulookattheself-helpbooksfromthisera,theyallhadtitleswiththingslike“Character,theGrandestThingintheWorld.”AndtheyfeaturedrolemodelslikeAbrahamLincolnwhowaspraisedforbeingmodestandunassuming.RalphWaldoEmersoncalledhim“Amanwhodoesnotoffendbysuperiority.”Butthenwehitthe20XXcenturyandweenteredanewculturethathistorianscallthecultureofpersonality.Whathappenediswehadevolvedanagriculturaleconomytoaworldofbigbusiness.Andsosuddenlypeoplearemovingfromsmalltownstothecities.Andinsteadofworkingalongsidepeoplethey'veknownalltheirlives,nowtheyarehavingtoprovethemselvesinacrowdofstrangers.So,quiteunderstandably,qualitieslikemagnetismandcharismasuddenlycometoseemreallyimportant.Andsureenough,theself-helpbookschangetomeetthesenewneedsandtheystarttohavenameslike“HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople.”Andtheyfeatureastheirrolemodelsreallygreatsalesmen.Sothat'stheworldwe'relivingintoday.That'sourculturalinheritance.Nownoneofthisistosaythatsocialskillsareunimportant,andI'malsonotcallingfortheabolishingofteamworkatall.Thesamereligionswhosendtheirsagesofftolonelymountaintopsalsoteachusloveandtrust.Andtheproblemsthatwearefacingtodayinfieldslikescienceandineconomicsaresovastandsocomplexthatwearegoingtoneedarmiesofpeoplecomingtogethertosolvethemworkingtogether.ButIamsayingthatthemorefreedomthatwegiveintrovertstobethemselves,themorelikelythattheyaretocomeupwiththeirownuniquesolutionstotheseproblems.SonowI'dliketosharewithyouwhat'sinmysuitcasetoday.Guesswhat?Books.Ihaveasuitcasefullofbooks.Here'sMargaretAtwood,“Cat'sEye.”Here'sanovelbyMilanKundera.Andhere's“TheGuideforthePerplexed”byMaimonides.ButthesearenotexactlyTED演講稿mybooks.Ibroughtthesebookswithmebecausetheywerewrittenbymygrandfather'sfavoriteauthors.MygrandfatherwasarabbiandhewasawidowerwholivedaloneinasmallapartmentinBrooklynthatwasmyfavoriteplaceintheworldwhenIwasgrowingup,partlybecauseitwasfilledwithhisverygentle,verycourtlypresenceandpartlybecauseitwasfilledwithbooks.Imeanliterallyeverytable,everychairinthisapartmenthadyieldeditsoriginalfunctiontonowserveasasurfaceforswayingstacksofbooks.Justliketherestofmyfamily,mygrandfather'sfavoritethingtodointhewholeworldwastoread.Buthealsolovedhiscongregation,andyoucouldfeelthisloveinthesermonsthathegaveeveryweekforthe62yearsthathewasarabbi.Hewouldtakesthefruitsofeachweek'sreadingandhewouldweavetheseintricatetapestriesofancientandhumanistthought.Andpeoplewouldcomefromallovertohearhimspeak.Buthere'sthethingaboutmygrandfather.Underneaththisceremonialrole,hewasreallymodestandreallyintroverted--somuchsothatwhenhedeliveredthesesermons,hehadtroublemakingeyecontactwiththeverysamecongregationthathehadbeenspeakingtofor62years.Andevenawayfromthepodium,whenyoucalledhimtosayhello,hewouldoftenendtheconversationprematurelyforfearthathewastakinguptoomuchofyourtime.Butwhenhediedattheageof94,thepolicehadtoclosedownthestreetsofhisneighborhoodtoaccommodatethecrowdofpeoplewhocameouttomournhim.AndsothesedaysItrytolearnfrommygrandfather'sexampleinmyownway.SoIjustpublishedabookaboutintroversion,andittookmeaboutsevenyearstowrite.Andforme,thatsevenyearswasliketotalbliss,becauseIwasreading,Iwaswriting,Iwasthinking,Iwasresearching.Itwasmyversionofmygrandfather'shoursofthedayaloneinhislibrary.Butnowallofasuddenmyjobisverydifferent,andmyjobistobeoutheretalkingaboutit,talkingaboutintroversion.(Laughter)Andthat'salotharderforme,becauseashonoredasIamtobeherewithallofyourightnow,thisisnotmynaturalmilieu.SoIpreparedformomentsliketheseasbestIcould.IspentthelastyearpracticingpublicspeakingeverychanceIcouldget.AndIcallthismy“yearofspeakingdangerously.”(Laughter)Andthatactuallyhelpedalot.ButI'lltellyou,whathelpsevenmoreismysense,mybelief,myhopethatwhenitcomestoourattitudestointroversionandtoquietandtosolitude,wetrulyarepoisedonthebrinkondramaticchange.Imean,weare.AndsoIamgoingtoleaveyounowwiththreecallsforactionforthosewhosharethisvision.Numberone:Stopthemadnessforconstantgroupwork.Juststopit.(Laughter)Thankyou.(Applause)AndIwanttobeclearaboutwhatI'msaying,becauseIdeeplybelieveourofficesshouldbeencouragingcasual,chattycafe-styletypesofinteractions--youknow,thekindwherepeoplecometogetherandserendipitouslyhaveanexchangeofideas.Thatisgreat.It'sgreatforintrovertsandit'sgreatforextroverts.Butweneedmuchmoreprivacyandmuchmorefreedomandmuchmoreautonomyatwork.School,samething.WeneedtobeTED演講稿teachingkidstoworktogether,forsure,butwealsoneedtobeteachingthemhowtoworkontheirown.Thisisespeciallyimportantforextrovertedchildrentoo.Theyneedtoworkontheirownbecausethatiswheredeepthoughtcomesfrominpart.Okay,numbertwo:Gotothewilderness.BelikeBuddha,haveyourownrevelations.I'mnotsayingthatweallhavetonowgooffandbuildourowncabinsinthewoodsandnevertalktoeachotheragain,butIamsayingthatwecouldallstandtounplugandgetinsideourownheadsalittlemoreoften.Numberthree:Takeagoodlookatwhat'sinsideyourownsuitcaseandwhyyouputitthere.Soextroverts,maybeyoursuitcasesarealsofullofbooks.Ormaybethey'refullofchampagneglassesorskydivingequipment.Whateveritis,Ihopeyoutakethesethingsouteverychanceyougetandgraceuswithyourenergyandyourjoy.Butintroverts,youbeingyou,youprobablyhavetheimpulsetoguardverycarefullywhat'sinsideyourownsuitcase.Andthat'sokay.Butoccasionally,justoccasionally,Ihopeyouwillopenupyoursuitcasesforotherpeopletosee,becausetheworldneedsyouanditneedsthethingsyoucarry.SoIwishyouthebestofallpossiblejourneysandthecouragetospeaksoftly.Thankyouverymuch.(Applause)Thankyou.Thankyou.(Applause)第三篇:內(nèi)向者的勵(lì)志篇內(nèi)向者的勵(lì)志篇1999年7月,巴菲特在太陽(yáng)谷的銀行年會(huì)上發(fā)表演講。演講先用自嘲來(lái)開(kāi)場(chǎng),他說(shuō)自己是個(gè)害怕公開(kāi)演講的人,更喜歡把自己關(guān)在辦公室里,以至于他得參加卡內(nèi)基的課程來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)如何克服內(nèi)向。在這次演講中,巴菲特30年來(lái)首次公開(kāi)預(yù)測(cè),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的牛市不會(huì)長(zhǎng)久。顯然,大家沒(méi)把他的預(yù)測(cè)當(dāng)真。五個(gè)月后,時(shí)代華納與美國(guó)在線宣布合并。交易完成次日,《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》頭版的大標(biāo)題是《特德。特納:比性生活還好》。特德。特納--時(shí)代華納最大股東,一個(gè)極其外向的人--把這次合并決策與自己第一次性經(jīng)歷相提并論,“無(wú)比激動(dòng)、熱情洋溢”??上У诙辏绨头铺仡A(yù)言的那樣,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫破裂,時(shí)代華納的股東為這次合并損失了20XX億美元。這些跟內(nèi)向和外向有什么關(guān)系呢?當(dāng)我們投資時(shí),難道不是所有人都會(huì)有失去自制力的時(shí)候嗎?沒(méi)錯(cuò),只是有些人會(huì)失去更多罷了。有研究表明,外向型投資者更有可能陷入過(guò)度回報(bào)敏感,而內(nèi)向者會(huì)更多地注意到警示信號(hào),較好地控制自己渴望激動(dòng)的情緒。另一項(xiàng)針對(duì)64名投資銀行投資人的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),表現(xiàn)最優(yōu)的往往是情緒穩(wěn)定的內(nèi)向者?!栋察o:內(nèi)向性格的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力》對(duì)內(nèi)向者的研究遠(yuǎn)不限于投資領(lǐng)域。事實(shí)上,它是一本關(guān)于內(nèi)向者的理論、實(shí)驗(yàn)成果、可能解釋以及人生經(jīng)歷的集大成之書(shū)。作者蘇珊。凱恩是個(gè)本性沉默內(nèi)向的女人,但同時(shí)又是華爾街律師,這種巨大的反差曾給她帶來(lái)難以面對(duì)的恐懼和煩惱。華爾街以及整個(gè)商業(yè)社會(huì),都認(rèn)同她稱之為“外向理想型”的價(jià)值系統(tǒng),即最理想的自我狀態(tài)是善于交際的、健談的、喜歡行動(dòng)冒險(xiǎn)、自如于聚光燈下。蘇珊在“外向理想型”社會(huì)環(huán)境中掙扎求生并成功,同時(shí)又保持本性的經(jīng)歷,是這本書(shū)最初的緣起。從某種意義上說(shuō),這是一本寫(xiě)給內(nèi)向讀者的勵(lì)志書(shū)。如果他們第一次知道,比爾。蓋茨、蓋伊。川崎、馬克。扎克伯格這些企業(yè)家都是內(nèi)向人格時(shí),會(huì)不會(huì)心生安慰呢?但僅僅講述一些內(nèi)向名人或普通人的成功故事,就太淺薄了。令人驚嘆的是,蘇珊援引了內(nèi)向性格研究的大量最新學(xué)術(shù)成果,有理有據(jù)地展示了,在一個(gè)喋喋不休的世界里,保持安靜沉默的優(yōu)勢(shì)與潛在力量。內(nèi)向并非次一等的性格,但當(dāng)內(nèi)向者需要表現(xiàn)不同的自我時(shí),該如何應(yīng)對(duì)?蘇珊給出的答案來(lái)自利特爾教授。開(kāi)創(chuàng)“自由特質(zhì)理論”的利特爾教授,是個(gè)超級(jí)內(nèi)向者,同時(shí)又是成功演講家。有一次,他告訴著名脫口秀主持人佐斯奇:“每次演講結(jié)束后,我會(huì)躲進(jìn)第9個(gè)廁所間?!弊羲蛊娲鸬溃骸懊看喂?jié)目結(jié)束,我會(huì)躲進(jìn)第8個(gè)?!边@不是笑話,很多人都處在某種程度的外向偽裝中。利特爾教授認(rèn)為,內(nèi)向者可以在某些“個(gè)人核心項(xiàng)目”中超越自己的性格限制,換言之,內(nèi)向者可以為了他們認(rèn)為重要的工作、愛(ài)的人,或者任何他們重視的事情表現(xiàn)出外向者的一面。關(guān)鍵是用正確的步驟確定自己的“個(gè)人核心項(xiàng)目”,這樣當(dāng)內(nèi)向者戴上外向面具時(shí),只是為了一項(xiàng)值得的任務(wù)作出的暫時(shí)改變,而不是自我否定。另一個(gè)法寶是“恢復(fù)壁龕”。它可能是空間上的,比如利特爾教授的廁所間;也可能是時(shí)間上的,就像兩個(gè)工作會(huì)議之間為自己留出的音樂(lè)空隙。作為一個(gè)內(nèi)向的作者,蘇珊已經(jīng)講了太多。但最終的答案,仍然是“做你自己”。第四篇:《內(nèi)向者優(yōu)勢(shì)》讀后感《內(nèi)向者優(yōu)勢(shì)》讀后感推薦內(nèi)向的朋友,或者覺(jué)得自己的孩子是內(nèi)向的朋友看。也許會(huì)有收獲。書(shū)是戰(zhàn)隼的微信公眾賬號(hào)推薦的,立刻找來(lái)看,幾乎一氣呵成地看完。覺(jué)得寫(xiě)得很不錯(cuò),推薦給我認(rèn)為典型內(nèi)向性格的劉兄。劉兄看了以后大呼寫(xiě)得太到位,贊“這是我近期看的最有價(jià)值的一本書(shū)”。他說(shuō)“這本書(shū)讓我少了很多糾結(jié),我想對(duì)自己今后的行為方式都會(huì)有很大的影響”。作者說(shuō),外向和內(nèi)向的人的比例是3:1,所以這是個(gè)外向人占主導(dǎo)的世界。在這樣的世界里,內(nèi)向的人該如何更好地生活?這就是本書(shū)要解決的問(wèn)題。作者自己就是一個(gè)典型的內(nèi)向的人,在書(shū)中,她幾乎一直說(shuō)“我們”如何如何。這種第一人稱的敘述,極大地拉進(jìn)了和讀者的距離,讀起來(lái)非常真實(shí)。偶爾有些描述和我吻合的,我也覺(jué)得分外親切,直擊內(nèi)心。在閱讀的過(guò)程中,我一直將作者提及的各種內(nèi)向的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量自己以及身邊的人。經(jīng)常有驚艷的感覺(jué):說(shuō)的太準(zhǔn)了!不過(guò)次數(shù)多了,我也警覺(jué)起來(lái)。發(fā)現(xiàn)作者描述內(nèi)向者特質(zhì)的方式很像是星象學(xué)家在描述星座的特點(diǎn),很容易對(duì)號(hào)入座,但深究起來(lái)又會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這種描述是模糊的、沒(méi)有指向性的。到底是心靈雞湯還是客觀描述?讀完以后,我想我還是傾向于后者。作者認(rèn)為,性格內(nèi)向和外向的人最大的差別有四點(diǎn):精力的來(lái)源、精力的恢復(fù)、對(duì)刺激的反應(yīng),以及他們對(duì)知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的接近方式。性格內(nèi)向的人,從他們的內(nèi)在世界,如思想、情緒和觀念中獲得精力;對(duì)外界的刺激比較敏感,有意識(shí)地或無(wú)意識(shí)地從外部世界吸收信息,如果他們不減少來(lái)自外部世界的刺激,他們內(nèi)在的思想、情感和印象就永遠(yuǎn)也不能上升到外部;在積累知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí),喜歡進(jìn)行窄一點(diǎn)、深入。性格外向的人的精力的來(lái)源是外部世界——如各種各樣的社交活動(dòng)、形形色色的人們、不同的場(chǎng)合和事物;因多種多樣的刺激而獲得這樣那樣的成功;性格外向的人通過(guò)講話進(jìn)行思考,他們需要另外的人聽(tīng)著他們講話,以整理自己的想法和情感,他們可能不需要對(duì)方的回答;在積累知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí),一般會(huì)將網(wǎng)撒得很開(kāi)……性格內(nèi)向的人比性格外向的人有較多的血液流向大腦。性格內(nèi)向和性格外向的人,其血液流動(dòng)的通路是不同的。而其中,最為顯著的差別是精力的恢復(fù)。不管在人前表現(xiàn)得怎樣,恢復(fù)精力的基本方法表明了誰(shuí)性格內(nèi)向而誰(shuí)性格外向。比如,辛苦工作一天,你是愿意和朋友一起去吃個(gè)飯唱個(gè)歌,還是獨(dú)自回家洗個(gè)熱水澡,安安靜靜看看書(shū)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)上上網(wǎng)睡一大覺(jué)呢?如果選擇前者,你基本就是外向型;如果選擇后者,那你多半是內(nèi)向的人了。——對(duì)這點(diǎn)判斷我是存疑的。忙了一天累得像條狗,大部分人應(yīng)該都想回家躺在沙發(fā)上不動(dòng)彈吧?雖然不排除有精力旺盛白天拼命工作,晚上夜生活也豐富多彩的人,但就我觀察這樣的人并不多。而且,這里面更大的差異不是內(nèi)向還是外向,而是身體素質(zhì)和體力吧!這個(gè)問(wèn)題我跟劉兄探討了,他倒是頗為認(rèn)同作者,大致的邏輯是:外向的人精力更旺盛一些,內(nèi)向的人更容易疲憊一些。照這么推理的話,對(duì)體力要求比較高的工作,比如運(yùn)動(dòng)員,是不是不適合內(nèi)向的人呢?好像也不是這樣。也許我需要更多內(nèi)向的朋友現(xiàn)身說(shuō)法。最有趣的是書(shū)的第三章,作者指出,性格外向的人需要多巴胺的伙伴,腎上腺素,它從交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的活動(dòng)中釋放出來(lái),使大腦中具有更多的多巴胺。所以,性格外向的人越活躍,就會(huì)越快樂(lè)。另外一方面,性格內(nèi)向的人對(duì)多巴胺卻是高度的敏感。太多的多巴胺使他們感到刺激太多。性格內(nèi)向的人,在他們較占優(yōu)勢(shì)的神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)通路上使用的是一種完全不同的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),乙酰膽堿。乙酰膽堿是使我們的記憶機(jī)器性能良好的潤(rùn)滑油。當(dāng)它用干后,機(jī)器就會(huì)變得不靈活。性格內(nèi)向的人需要一個(gè)多巴胺既不要太多也不要太少、乙酰膽堿處于較好的水平的有限的范圍,以使他們感到平靜,以及沒(méi)有壓抑和焦慮。這是一個(gè)讓人感到很舒適,但卻太小的區(qū)域??傊?,性格外向的人與多巴胺/腎上腺素、精力消耗、交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)相聯(lián)系,性格內(nèi)向的人與乙酰膽堿、精力儲(chǔ)備和副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)相聯(lián)系。乙酰膽堿可以增加注意力、記憶力和幸福感,使用乙酰膽堿的神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)通路支配著性格內(nèi)向的人??雌饋?lái)非常有科學(xué)感。我上網(wǎng)搜索了多巴胺、腎上腺素、乙酰膽堿、交感神經(jīng)、副交感神經(jīng)等關(guān)鍵詞。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)“多巴胺、腎上腺素、乙酰膽堿”都是神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)物質(zhì),多巴胺主要負(fù)責(zé)大腦的情欲,感覺(jué),將興奮及開(kāi)心的信息傳遞,也與上癮有關(guān)【當(dāng)我們積極做某事時(shí),腦中會(huì)非?;罱j(luò)的分泌出大量多巴胺荷爾蒙。它是一種使人類引起欲望的荷爾蒙,但多巴胺分泌過(guò)量會(huì)過(guò)度消耗體力和熱量,導(dǎo)致早死?!?;當(dāng)人經(jīng)歷某些刺激(例如興奮,恐懼,緊張等),分泌出腎上腺素,能讓人呼吸加快(提供大量氧氣),心跳與血液流動(dòng)加速,瞳孔放大,為身體活動(dòng)提供更多能量,使反應(yīng)更加快速。乙酰膽堿在腦健康方面扮演一個(gè)核心角色,不同神經(jīng)功能都需要乙酰膽堿,但它對(duì)大腦的某些部分尤其重要。(www.)例如,涉及記憶,學(xué)習(xí)和情緒等方面的大腦部分都需要使用乙酰膽堿。此外,選擇,思考到集中注意力等腦功能也需要它。交感神經(jīng)的功能可被概括為“FightorFlight”(戰(zhàn)斗或逃走)。交感神經(jīng)主要作用于平滑肌和腺細(xì)胞。交感神經(jīng)興奮會(huì)引起腹腔內(nèi)臟及皮膚末梢血管收縮、心率加快,心臟收縮能力增強(qiáng)、瞳孔散大和新陳代謝率上升等。副交感神經(jīng)的主要功能是使瞳孔縮小,心跳減慢,皮膚和內(nèi)臟血管舒張,小支氣管收縮,胃腸蠕動(dòng)加強(qiáng),括約肌松弛,唾液和淚液分泌增多,男性生殖器的勃起等??陀^來(lái)說(shuō),多巴胺、腎上腺素、乙酰膽堿各有各的功能;交感神經(jīng)和副交感神經(jīng)也共同支配大部分的器官受到兩者的,大部分情況下,兩者相互拮抗(例外:唾液分泌),因而可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)該器官的精細(xì)調(diào)節(jié),實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)態(tài)。為什么說(shuō)“性格外向的人需要多巴胺的伙伴,腎上腺素”而“性格內(nèi)向的人對(duì)多巴胺卻是高度的敏感”?這種需求和敏感性是天生的嘛?是人體組織結(jié)構(gòu)造成的嘛?那人的內(nèi)向和外向就是天生的了??jī)?nèi)向還是外向不是性格的不同,而是人腦組織結(jié)構(gòu)(對(duì)外界的刺激反應(yīng))
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