備課內(nèi)容國(guó)際商務(wù)英語(yǔ)閱讀chapter

Chapter11ForeignDirectInvestmentText1UnderstandingForeignDirectInvestment(FDI)BackgroundKnowledgeBroadly,foreigndirectinvestmentincludes"mergersandacquisitions,buildingnewfacilities,reinvestingprofitsearnedfromoverseasoperationsandintracompanyloans".Inanarrowsense,foreigndirectinvestmentrefersjusttobuildingnewfacilities.ThenumericalFDIfiguresbasedonvarieddefinitionsarenoteasilycomparable.Asapartofthenationalaccountsofacountry,andinregardtotheGDPequationY=C+I+G+(X-M)[Consumption+grossInvestment+Governmentspending+(exports-imports],whereIisdomesticinvestmentplusforeigninvestment,FDIisdefinedasthenetinflowsofinvestment(inflowminusoutflow)toacquirealastingmanagementinterest(10percentormoreofvotingstock)inanenterpriseoperatinginaneconomyotherthanthatoftheinvestor.FDIisthesumofequitycapital,otherlong-termcapital,andshort-termcapitalasshownthebalanceofpayments.FDIusuallyinvolvesparticipationinmanagement,joint-venture,transferoftechnologyandexpertise.StockofFDIisthenet(i.e.InwardFDIminusOutwardFDI)cumulativeFDIforanygivenperiod.Directinvestmentexcludesinvestmentthroughpurchaseofshares.FDIisoneexampleofinternationalfactormovements.Text1DefinitionWhyisFDIimportantforanyconsiderationofgoingglobal?HowHasFDIChangedinthePastDecade?WordsandExpressionsimpetus

n.推動(dòng)；促進(jìn)；推動(dòng)力(Somethingthatgivesaprocessimpetusoranimpetusmakesithappenorprogressmorequickly.)ThisdecisionwillgiverenewedimpetustotheeconomicregenerationofeastLondon.這一決定會(huì)給東倫敦的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇帶來(lái)新的推動(dòng)力。attendant

a.伴隨的；附帶的；相關(guān)的(Youuseattendanttodescribesomethingthatresultsfromathingalreadymentionedorthatisconnectedwithit.)MrBranson‘svictory,andalltheattendantpublicity,werewelldeserved.布蘭森先生的勝利，以及隨之而來(lái)的關(guān)注度，都是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)摹?..therisksattendantontheexplorationoftheunknown.探索未知所帶來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)license

v.批準(zhǔn)；許可(Tolicenseapersonoractivitymeanstogiveofficialpermissionforthepersontodosomethingorfortheactivitytotakeplace.)Undertheagreement,thecouncilcanlicenseaU.S.companytoproducethedrug.根據(jù)協(xié)議，委員會(huì)可授權(quán)一家美國(guó)公司生產(chǎn)這種藥品。proponent

n.支持者；擁護(hù)者；辯護(hù)者(Ifyouareaproponentofaparticularideaorcourseofaction,youactivelysupportit.)Halseywasidentifiedasaleadingproponentofthevaluesofprogressiveeducation.哈爾西被認(rèn)為是進(jìn)步教育價(jià)值觀的主要擁護(hù)者。retentionn.保持；保留Theretentionofsomethingisthekeepingofit.Theysupportedtheretentionofastrongcentralgovernment.他們贊成保留一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的中央政府。sentences1.Thechangeintradeandinvestmentpoliciesandtheregulatoryenvironmentgloballyinthepastdecade,includingtradepolicyandtariffliberalization,easingofrestrictionsonforeigninvestmentandacquisitioninmanynations,andthederegulationandprivatizationofmanyindustries,hasprobablybeenthemostsignificantcatalystforFDI’sexpandedrole.本句的主語(yǔ)為change,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hasbeen,其中including引導(dǎo)的句子成分用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)。privatization私有化2.Thesimpleansweristhatmakingadirectforeigninvestmentallowscompaniestoplishsuchtasksasavoidingforeigngovernmentpressureforlocalproduction,circumventingtradebarriers,hiddenandotherwise,makingthemovefromdomesticexportsalestoalocally-basednationalsalesoffice,capabilitytoincreasetotalproductioncapacityandopportunitiesforco-production,jointventureswithlocalpartners,jointmarketingarrangements,licensing,etc.avoiding,making引導(dǎo)的成分用來(lái)修飾taskscircumventv.規(guī)避，逃避（規(guī)則或限制）Text2CostsandBenefitsofFDItotheNation-StateBackgroundKnowledgeImportanceandbarrierstoFDITherapidgrowthofworldpopulationsince1950hasoccurredmostlyindevelopingcountries.Thisgrowthhasbeenmatchedbymorerapidincreasesingrossdomesticproduct,andthusepercapitahasincreasedinmostcountriesaroundtheworldsince1950.Whilethequalityofthedatafrom1950maybeofquestion,takingtheaverageacrossarangeofestimatesconfirmsthis.Onlywar-tornandcountrieswithotherseriousexternalproblems,suchasHaiti,Somalia,andNigerhavenotregisteredsubstantialincreasesinGDPpercapita.Thedataavailabletoconfirmthisarefreelyavailable.AnincreaseinFDImaybeassociatedwithimprovedeconomicgrowthduetotheinfluxofcapitalandincreasedtaxrevenuesforthehostcountry.HostcountriesoftentrytochannelFDIinvestmentintonewinfrastructureandotherprojectstoboostdevelopment.Greatercompetitionfromnewcompaniescanleadtoproductivitygainsandgreaterefficiencyinthehostcountryandithasbeensuggestedthattheapplicationofaforeignentity’spoliciestoadomesticsubsidiarymayimprovecorporategovernancestandards.Furthermore,foreigninvestmentcanresultinthetransferofsoftskillsthroughtrainingandjobcreation,theavailabilityofmoreadvancedtechnologyforthedomesticmarketandaccesstoresearchanddevelopmentresources.Thelocalpopulationmaybeabletobenefitfromtheemploymentopportunitiescreatedbynewbusinesses.CostsandBenefitsofFDItotheNation-StateAdverseeffectsoncompetitionResourcetransfereffectsEmploymenteffectsBalanceofpaymentseffectsNationalsovereigntyandautonomybenefitscostsHostcountryeffctsWordsandexpressionsindigenousa.當(dāng)?shù)氐?；本土的；土生土長(zhǎng)的(Indigenouspeopleorthingsbelongtothecountryinwhichtheyarefound,ratherthancomingthereorbeingbroughttherefromanothercountry.)...thecountry'sindigenouspopulation.該國(guó)的本土人口subsidiaryn.1.附屬公司；子公司(Asubsidiaryorasubsidiarycompanyisacompanywhichispartofalargerandmoreimportantcompany.)...BritishAsiaAirways,asubsidiaryofBritishAirways.英國(guó)亞洲航空公司，英國(guó)航空公司的子公司2.輔助的；附帶的；次要的(Ifsomethingissubsidiary,itislessimportantthansomethingelsewithwhichitisconnected.)Theeconomicsministryhasincreasinglyplayedasubsidiaryroletothefinanceministry.經(jīng)濟(jì)部已經(jīng)越來(lái)越成了財(cái)政部的附屬了。monopolize

v.獨(dú)占；壟斷(Ifyousaythatsomeonemonopolizessomething,youmeanthattheyhaveaverylargeshareofitandpreventotherpeoplefromhavingashare.)Theyarecontrollingsomuchcocoathattheyarevirtuallymonopolizingthemarket…他們控制了大量的可可粉，因此他們幾乎壟斷了整個(gè)市場(chǎng)。repatriate

v.把（海外利潤(rùn)）調(diào)回國(guó)內(nèi)(Ifacompanyrepatriatesprofitsthatithasmadeinanothercountry,itbringsthembackintoitshomecountry.)Foreigninvestorsaretobeallowedtorepatriateprofitsoveronebillionrupees.外國(guó)投資者將被允許將利潤(rùn)額超過(guò)10億盧比的部分調(diào)回國(guó)內(nèi)。sentences1.Beneficialspinoffeffectsarisewhenlocalpersonnelwhoaretrainedtooccupymanagerial,financial,andtechnicalpostsinthesubsidiaryofaforeignMNEsubsequentlyleavethefirmandhelptoestablishindigenousfirms.spinoffeffects溢出效應(yīng)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾localpersonnelpost=position職位sentences2.Althoughahostgovern