施心遠(yuǎn)《聽力教程》3Unit7

Unit7AListeningCourse(3)Review:VocofUnit6ambulanceconincidencecorporatecultureattirecubiclearchitecturalpledgedisplacekibbutzenvoyarmoredcarrierrefugeedetainedcustodydemolishmilitantpiracybarbedwirepragmatistSectionOne

TacticsforListeningPart1:SpotDictation:

MeetYourChiropractorchiropractor

脊椎指壓治療者;脊椎按摩師chiropractic

n.

脊椎指壓治療法well-recognized

adj.公認(rèn)的spine

脊柱,脊椎circulatorysystem

循環(huán)系統(tǒng)skeletalsystem骨骼系統(tǒng)malfunctioningspinaljoin脊椎關(guān)節(jié)healthdisorderdiagnosis

referral

n.(逐級)轉(zhuǎn)診chiropracticphysician脊骨神經(jīng)醫(yī)師orthopedics

矯形外科學(xué);整形外科學(xué)radiology

放射學(xué)License執(zhí)照Whilelistening:ListenandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhearMeetYourChiropractorThedoctorofchiropractic(D.C)(1)_____________,memberofthehealthteamwho(2)_________thehumanbodyasatotalfunctioning(3)______andgivesspecialattentiontothespine(4)_____________,nerves,circulatoryandskeletal(5)________.Thechiropractorseeksto(6)_________pain.Theproceduresutilizedareprimarilyfocusedonthe(7)_________.Thechiropractorisconcernedaboutthespine’srelationshiptothe(8)______________,whichcontrolsimportantbodyfunctions.Thechiropractorknowsthatamalfunctioningspinaljointcannotonlycause(9)___________orheadaches,itcanalso(10)_______

thenervesleadingfromthespine,thereby(11)__________otherportionsofthebody.MillionsofAmericansarechiropracticpatientsforawidevarietyof(12)______________.Theydependontheirchiropractorastheir(13)____________tohelpthemmaintaintheirhealththroughproper(14)__________,treatment,andreferralwhen(15)______________.Aminimumofsixyearsofcollegestudyincludinginternships(16)__________themakingofachiropracticphysician.Manydoctorsofchiropracticchooseto(17)____________________tocertainspecialties,suchas(18)_______________,nutrition,orthopedicsorradiology.Asa(19)________________________memberofthehealingarts,thedoctorofchiropracticmustpassastate(20)__________boardexaminationinordertopractice.well-recognizedconsidersunitmusclessystemsrelievespinenervesystembackpainInterferewithaffectinghealthdisordersfamilydoctordiagnosisgoesintolimittheirpracticessportsinjurieslicensedandregulatedlicensingnecessary脊椎指壓治療者,按摩師

Part2ListeningforGistFocus:

Note-takingskill:Findingthegistofthelisteningmaterial--findingatopicsentenceIronageTheIronAgewasatimeinhistoryafterpeoplebegantouseirontools.Beforethis,theyhadusedbronzeorstonetools.MostofEurope,AfricaandAsiareachedtheIronAgeby500BC.InEurope,itisaperiodofprehistory,becauseIronAgepeopledidnotwritetheirhistorydown.Ironiseasytofind,buthardtomaketoolswith.Itmeltsatahighertemperaturethanbronze.….Thismeantthatpeople'sbehaviorschanged.….Andofcourse,bronzeweaponsandarmorwerenomatchforthosemadeoutofiron,somanypeopleswhodidnothaveironwereconqueredbythosewhodid.ArmorwasrareinwesternEurope'sIronAge,butpeopleusedshieldsandhelmetstokeepsafeinbattles.Inancienttimespeopleweredependentonanimalsandplantsonly.

Datesareapproximate,consultparticulararticlefordetailsFindingthetopicsentence

Topicsentencesummarizesthemainideaofaparagraphorpassage,thusfindingitiscrucialingettingthegistofthepassage.Thetopicsentencemaybethebeginningofthepassage,orattheendofthepassage.Sometimesitmayalsoappearinthemiddle.Pre-listeningdiscussion:ListeningStrategy:(ListentoPaultalkingabouthislifeinhissmallcottageintheWelshmountainsandwritedownthekeywords)Thetopicsentenceis_______________________________________“Theplaceitselfisextremelyprimitive.”

Ex.A:Listentothetapeandfindthetopicsentence."Andthatbringsmetosaywhatisprimitiveaboutit,namely,itisanythingthathastobedone,andthereareobviouslycertainbasicneedsoflife,is'DIY'astheysay:Doityourself.Thereisnolabortobehadnowadaysinsucharemotepart.Er,therearenoneighborsformostoftheyearandsoyouareonyourownentirely.Theplaceitselfisextremelyprimitive.Er,Imentionedthewater.Imentionedthatwenowhavegotelectricity.Er,thebuildingitself-it'simportanttokeepitcleanandit'sstupidtotry.Wetrytokeepittidy,andreasonablyclean.Itisverydifficulttokeepitwarm,warmenoughparticularlyinwinterandthatwedobyanoldkitchenrangewithcoalandwood."SectionTwo

ListeningComprehensionPart1DialogueAHealthyLife

Focus:RecognizingfactsMakinginferencesVocabulary[k??lest?r?:l]Cholesterol

isasubstancethatexistsinthefat,tissues,andbloodofallanimals.Toomuchcholesterolinaperson'sbloodcancauseheartdisease.

wax-like/Wax

isasolid,slightlyshinysubstancemadeoffatoroilwhichisusedtomakecandlesandpolish.Itmeltswhenitisheated.

liver

isalargeorganinyourbodywhichprocessesyourbloodandhelpstocleanunwantedsubstancesoutofit.

Arteries

arethetubesinyourbodythatcarrybloodfromyourhearttotherestofyourbody.

靜脈veinIfsomeonehasaheartattack,theirheartbeginstobeatveryirregularlyorstopscompletely.

Ifsomeonehasastroke,abloodvesselintheirbrainburstsorbecomesblocked,whichmaykillthemormakethemunabletomoveonesideoftheirbodyAhormone['h?rmon]isachemical,usuallyoccurringnaturallyinyourbody,thatmakesanorganofyourbodydosomething.

cellmembranes

[醫(yī)]細(xì)胞膜pasta

[‘pɑst?]

團(tuán)(用以制意大利通心粉,細(xì)面條等)gentlejogging

慢跑/briskwalking

快走sustained:continueitormaintainitforaperiodoftimesquash:agameplayedinanenclosedcourtbytwoorfourplayerswhostriketheballwithlong-handledrackets

軟式墻網(wǎng)球(運(yùn)動)

Ex.Listenandcompletethefollowinggrids.A.CholesterolDefinitionA_______________substance,whichisproducednaturallyinour______.FunctionWeallneedsomecholesterolinorderto______________________,andtoproduce________________________Over-productionWhencholesterolbuildupinourarteries,itcausesthemtoget_________,sothatourbloodsupplyhasdifficultyin_____________andthiscaneventuallyendina_________or__________.Howtoavoidthisover-productionBycuttingdownourconsumptionof________:tingslike___________________,andsoon.Andbyincreasingourconsumptionof______________________,andalsobyeatingmore______________________.yellowish,wax-likeliversinsulateournervescellmembrancesandhormones.narrowergettingthroughheartattackstrokeanimalfatsredmeat,cheese,eggsfreshfruitandvegetablespotatoes,rice,pastaandbreadB.ExerciseFormsofexercisewarnedagainstAnumberofinjuriesaredueto______________movementsthatgameslike_________involve.FormsofexerciserecommendedGentle________________________________...exercisethatis______________.ThingstoberememberedExerciseshouldbe________,thatis,doneforatleast____________uninterruptedlyatleast_________aweek.sudden,twistingsquashjogging,swimming,cycling,briskwalkingrhythmicandgentlesustainedfifteenminutesthreetimesPart2PassageAgingofAmericaFocus:DictationskillsRecognizingfactsGaininganideaofAmericanSocialSecuritySystem

1.Theimpendingcollisionbetweentheboomersandthenation’sretirementsystemisnaturallycatchingtheeyeofpolicymakersandtheboomersthemselves.2.RetirementincomesecurityintheUnitedStateshastraditionallybeenbasedontheso-calledthree-leggedstool:SocialSecurity,privatepension,andotherpersonalsaving.3.Retirementplanningtakestime,andtheseissuesneedtobeaddressedsoonerratherthanlater.

Ex.B:SentenceDictation4.Onefoundthatin1991themedianhouseholdheadedby65-69-year-oldhadfinancialassetsofonly$14,000,butexpandingthemeasuretoincludeSocialSecurity,pensions,housing,andotherwealthboostsmedianwealthtoabout$270,000.5.OnlyoneortwogenerationsofAmericanshavehadlengthyretirements,andthecrucialretirementissueskeepchangingrapidly,makinglong-termpredictionsevenharder.Ex.C:DetailedListeningIntheU.S.,increaseinthebirthratebetween1946and1964;also,thegenerationbornintheU.S.duringthatperiod.ThehardshipsanduncertaintiesoftheGreatDepression

andWorldWarIIledmanyunmarriedcouplestodelaymarriageandmanymarriedcouplestodelayhavingchildren.Thewar'send,followedbyasustainedperiodofeconomicprosperity(the1950sandearly1960s),wasaccompaniedbyasurgeinpopulation.Babyboom…inthepostwaryears,promptingabuildingboominhousing,schools,andshoppingmalls.Asthe"boomers"reachedyoungadulthood

inthe1960sand'70s,theirtastesinmusicandtheirhairanddressstylesstronglyinfluencedthenationalculture,Astheyagedandprosperedinthe1980sand'90s,theirbuyinghabitsdeterminedthecourseofmanyconsumerindustries,includingautomobiles.Theneedsofbabyboomersduringtheirretirementyearswereexpectedtostrainpublicresources.Medicare:MedicareisanationalhealthinsuranceprogramcreatedandadministeredbythefederalgovernmentintheUnitedStatestoaddressthemedicalneedsofolderAmericancitizens.MedicareisavailabletoU.S.citizens65yearsofageandolderandsomepeoplewithdisabilitiesunderage65.ruleofthumb:aruleorprinciplethatprovidesguidancetoappropriatebehavior經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則(靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)估計)impending:

abouttohappenThedangerisimpendingoverus.

bleak:offeringlittleornohopeThefutureofthisfirmwillbeverybleakindeedifwekeeplosingmoney.

assets:TheassetsofacompanyorapersonareallthethingsthattheyownAdynamicprocessisonethatconstantlychangesandprogresses.Dynamicsareforceswhichproducepowerormovement.Dynamicsisthescientificstudyofmotion,energy,andforcesPre-listeningquestionDoyouknowanythingabouttheretirementsysteminChina?agingpopulation/400millionby2040pensionsystem/socialsecurityplannedeconomy/marketeconomyabasicpensionwithpersonalsavingsaccountsareforminpensionsystemiscalledforGuidedListeningPart1TheBabyBoomgenerationhasbeenreshapingAmericansocietyfor5decades.--1950s&1960sjammingschools--1970s&1980scrowdingjobmarketshousingmarkets

--NowretirementissuePart2Retirementincomesecurity—3leggedstool:SocialSecurity,privatepensions&personalsavings.ServetheelderlywellPart3AreBabyBoomersmakingadequatepreparationsfortheirretirement?Retiredhouseholdscanmaintaintheirpre-retirementstandardoflivingwithlessincome.--havemoreleisuretime--fewerhouseholdmembers--lowerexpenses--lowertaxes(escapepayrolltax&incomeisprogressive)

--mortgagehasbeenpaidoffButtheymayfacehigherandmoreuncertainmedicalexpenses.Part4.IssuesaboutBabyBoomers’needtobeaddress.

1st—makingsurethattheymaintain90%oftheirlivingstandards2nd—howtomeasurehowwelltheyarepreparingforretirement.3rd—whichbabyboomersarenotprovidedadequatelyforretirementandhowbigthegapisbetweenwhattheyhaveandwhattheyshouldhave.

Part5.Theuncertainprospectsforthebabyboomersinretirementaretroubling

littleunderstandingaboutthedynamicsofretirementlong-termpredictionsharderListentothepassageandchoosethebestanswers.

1.D…forfivedecades2.Dateachstateoftheirlives3.BNowthattheleadingedgeofthegenerationhasturned50.4.B…fellfrom35%in1959to11%in19955.C….Aruleofthumboftenusedbyfinancialplannersisthatretireesshouldbeabletomeetthisgoalbyreplacing60-80%ofpre-retirementincome.6.C…becausetheyhavemoreleisuretime,fewerhouseholdmembers,andlowerexpenses.7.AFromapublicpolicyperspective,assuringthatretireesmaintain100%ofpre-retirementlivingstandardsmaybeoverlyambitious.Butshouldpolicymakersaimtoensurethattheymaintain90%oftheirlivingstandards?Orthattheystayoutofpoverty?Orusesomeothercriterion?Retirementplanningtakestime,andthetheseissuesneedtobeaddressedsoonerratherthanlater.8.C…thecrucialretirementissues—healthcare,assetmarkets,SocialSecurity,lifespan—keepchangingrapidly,makinglong-termpredictionsevenharder.

ExerciseDAfter-listeningDiscussion1.HowhavetheboomersalteredtheeconomicpatternsintheUnitedStates?Theboomershavealteredeconomicpatternsfromjammingthenation’sschoolsinthe1950sand1960s,tocrowdinglabormarketsandhousingmarketsinthe1970sand1980s,toaffectingconsumptionpatternsalmostcontinuously.SectionThreeNewsFocus:

MedicineRecognizingfactsSummaryNewsItem1conception懷孕;受孕prenataladj.產(chǎn)前的,出生前的maternaladj.（似）母親的rodentn.嚙齒類動物hyperactive（尤指兒童）活躍得反常的,多動的obese（指人）過度肥胖的diabetesn.糖尿病low-protein低蛋白的offspringn.子孫，后代；(動物的)崽deficiency

缺乏;缺少Ex.A:ListenandcompletethesummaryThisnewsitemisabout

theimpactofmother’sdietonbabyevenbeforepregnancy.1.T2.F3.F4.T5.F6.T7.T8.FEx.B.ListenagainanddecideTrueorFalse.Youarewhatyoueat,thesayinggoes.Andnowitappearsyouarealsowhatourmotherate.Researchersarelearningmoreabouthowapregnantmother’sdietcanaffectherchild’shealthlongafterthechildisborn.Thelatestresearchshowsthatsomeofthoseeffectscanbeginwithindaysofconception.Womenareencouragedtostarttakingprenatalvitaminsandwatchingwhattheyeatassoonastheylearntheyarepregnant,tohelpensureahealthybaby.Butitappearsthatmaternalhealthbeforepregnancyalsohasanimpact.ProfessorTomFlemingandhiscolleaguesfedmiceandratsalow-proteindietforthree-and–a-halfdaysaftertheanimalshadmated.Flemingcomparedtheiroffspringtothebabiesofanimalsfedanormal,high-proteindietforthosethree-and-a-halfdays.Theyoungrodentsfromthelow-proteingrouphadhigherbloodpressureandweremorehyperactivethanthecontrolgroup.AnotherstudyfoundthatanimalswithvitaminBdeficienciesintheveryearlydaysofpregnancyalsohadoffspringwithhigherbloodpressure.Theseyounganimalstendedtobeobeseandwereatriskfordiabetes.SoFlemingsaysit'sbesttoeatrightifyou'reeventhinkingaboutgettingpregnant.NewsItem2UNVaccineSub-SaharanAfricaTheregionsouthoftheSaharaDesert.isgenerallysubdividedintotheregionsofWestAfrica,EastAfrica,CentralAfricaandSouthernAfrica.(撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲):vaccine

[v?k?si:n]

Avaccineisasubstancecontainingaharmlessformofthegermsthatcauseaparticulardisease.Itisgiventopeople,usuallybyinjection,topreventthemgettingthatdisease.

n.疫苗Ifapersonoranimalisvaccinated,theyaregivenavaccine,usuallybyinjection,topreventthemfromgettingadisease.[??mjoon]Ifyouareimmunetoaparticulardisease,youcannotbeaffectedbyit.Ifpeopleoranimalsareimmunized,theyaremadeimmunetoaparticulardisease,oftenbybeinggivenaninjectionMeasles,mumpsandwhoopingcougharespreadingagainbecausechildrenarenotbeingvaccinated.因?yàn)楹⒆觽儧]接種疫苗，麻疹、腮腺炎和百日咳又蔓延開來。tuberculosis[tu:?b?:rkj??lo?s?s]TBisachronicrespiratoryinfectiousdiseasecausedbythepathogenAfycobacteriumtuberculosis(MTB).是由結(jié)核分枝桿菌(MTB)引起的以呼吸道傳播為主的慢性傳染病.measles 麻疹

tetanus

破傷風(fēng)

whoopingcough百日咳UNICEF(UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund)

UNCFUnitedNationsChildren'sFundThisnewsitemisabouttheshortageofvaccinesindevelopingcountriesEx.A:Listentothenewsan