【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 216第六章情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣課件（江蘇專用）

第六章情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣

△情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣講解△一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(一)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1．can/could(1)表“能力”?！纠?】Justbepatient.You________expecttheworldtochangesosoon. (2010·全國(guó)Ⅰ)A．can't B．needn'tC．maynot D．whether答案A【例2】We________eatinarestaurantbecausenoneofushadanymoneyonus.A．can't B．couldn'tC．maynot D．mightnot答案B(2)表“許可”?；卮餭ould的提問常用can，一般不用could?！纠?】—CouldIuseyourbike?—Yes,surelyyou________.A．mightB．willC．canD．could答案C(3)could一般只表過去的能力；若表示過去的能力得到了實(shí)施，一般用was/wereableto，不用could?！纠?】Thefirespreadthroughoutthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone________getout.A．hadto B．wouldC．could D．wasableto答案D2．may/might(1)表“許可”(＝can)。若表示“不可以、禁止”，用mustn't或can't?；卮餸ight的提問常用may，一般不用might。【例5】—________Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot. (2010·四川)A．WillB．MayC．MustD．Need答案B【例6】—MightIuseyourpen?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A．mayB．mustC．couldD．might答案A【例7】—MayIwatchTVnow?—No,you________.A．canB．mustn'tC．couldn'tD．mightn't答案B(2)may表“祝愿”，置句首，主謂要倒裝。【例8】Goodlucktoyou,and________allyourwishescometrue!A．canB．mayC．mustD．might答案B3．must/haveto(1)表“必須”。must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法；haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要?！纠?】

①Thisisabadparty—Wereally________go.②Thisisalovelyparty,butwe________gobecauseofourbaby.A．mustB．mayC．canD．haveto答案①A②D(2)mustn't意為“禁止、不準(zhǔn)”；haven'tto意為“不必”(＝needn't)?！纠?0】You________practicethedrumswhilethebabyissleeping.A．haven'tto B．mightn'tC．mustn't D．won't答案C(3)must表“偏要、硬要”。【例11】Why________youalwaysinterruptme?A．canB．willC．mayD．must答案C【例12】——MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou________，chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A．shouldB．couldC．mayD．．must答案D(4)以以must開頭頭的一般般疑問句句，若要要作否定定回答，，常用needn't或haven'tto，一般般不用mustn't?！纠?3】——MustIcomeatfouro'clock?—Oh，，no.You________comeatfour.A．won'tB．needn'tC．．can'tD．．mustn't答案B4．oughtto/should(1)意意為“應(yīng)該”，表義務(wù)或責(zé)任，oughtto的的語氣比比should稍重?！纠?4】It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack________behereatanymoment.A．mustB．．needC．shouldD．．can答案C(2)should表表“竟然、萬一”?！纠?5】Youcan'timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman________besorudetoalady.A．mightB．needC．．shouldD．would答案C【例16】Ifyou________haveanydifficultyingettingspareparts,ringthisnumber.A．oughttoB．．shouldC．willD．would答案B5．need(1)意為“需要”，作情態(tài)態(tài)動(dòng)詞用用時(shí)，須須跟動(dòng)詞詞原形，無人稱、數(shù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)的變化化，一般般只用于于否定句或疑問句中。在在肯定句中一般般用作行行為動(dòng)詞詞?！纠?7】—Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.—You________.I'mnotaskingyouforit.A．mustn'tB．maynotC．can'tD．．needn't答案D【例18】Idon'tthinkhe________anewcomputer.A．needtobuyB．．needsbuyC．needbuyD．need答案C(2)以以need開頭頭的一般般疑問句句，若要要作肯定定回答，，常用must，一一般不用need?！纠?9】】—NeedIcome?—Yes,you________.A．needB．mustC．needn'tD．．mustn't答案B6．dare意為“敢”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，，須跟動(dòng)詞詞原形，有過去式(dared)，無人稱、數(shù)的的變化，主主要用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。在肯定句中一般用用作行為動(dòng)動(dòng)詞?！纠?0】】Iwonderhowhe________thattotheteacher.A．daretosayB．daresayingC．notdaresayD．daredsay答案DA．doesn'tdareto B．notdareC．daren'tto D．daresnotto答案A7．shall(1)用于疑問句中中征求意見見，主語是是第一、三人稱?！纠?2】】Let'sgoshopping,________we?A．don'tB．willC．shallD．mustn't答案C【例23】】ProfessorSmith,manystudentswanttoseeyou.________theyA．DoB．WillC．ShallD．Would答案C(2)用于陳述句中表示說話人的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令等，主語多為第二、三人稱?！纠?4】】—Ihaven'tgotthereferencebookyet,butI'llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don'tworry.You________haveitbyFriday.(2010·江蘇)A．couldB．shallC．mustD．may答案B【例25】】—Mikeisabsentfromclass.—Tellhimhe________answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.A．shallB．willC．wouldD．can答案A8．will/would(1)用于征求意見見，主語是是第二人稱。【例26】】—________youbeherewhenwegetback?—Surely.A．ShallB．WillC．DoD．．Mustn't答案B(2)表【例27】】Ipushedthesecond-handcarinthemudwithmyfullstrength,butit________move.A．won'tB．wouldn'tC．mightn'tD．couldn't答案B(3)表“習(xí)慣”，will指現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would指過去的習(xí)慣。【例28】】Whenhewasthere,he________gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A．．wouldB．．shouldC．．hadbetterD．．might答案案A(二二)情情態(tài)態(tài)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞表表推測(cè)現(xiàn)在的情況，后接動(dòng)詞原形；推測(cè)正在進(jìn)行的情況，后接動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)；推測(cè)過去的情況，后接動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)。1．must只用于肯定句中，意為“一定”?！纠?9】—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah,goodmorning.You________beMrs.Peter.(2010·北京)A．mightB．mustC．wouldD．can答案B【例例30】】Ididn'thearthephone.I________asleep.A．．mustbeB．．musthavC．shouldbe D．shouldhave答案B【例31】—DoyouknowwhatTomisdoingatthecrossroads?—He________forhisgirlfriend.A．shouldwait B．mustbewaitingC．canhavewaited D．mightwaiting答案B2．．can/could多多用用于于否定定句或或疑問問句中中，，二二者者一一般般沒有有時(shí)間間上上的的差差異異，，只只是是could的的語語氣氣更客氣委婉。can't/couldn't意為為“不可能”?！纠?2】I'mafraidMr.Harding________seeyounow.He'sbusy.(2010··全國(guó)Ⅱ)A．can'tB．mustn'tC．shouldn'tD．needn't答案A【例33】——Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It________acomfortablejourney.A．can'tbeB．shouldn'tbeC．mustn'thavebeenD．couldn'thavebeen答案D【例34】TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit________beveryslow.A．shouldB．mustC．willD．can答案D3．may/might用于肯定句或否定句中，might不是may的過過去式，只是是might的可能性比比may小。maynot/mightn't意為為“可能不”?！纠?5】Peter________comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A．mustB．mayC．canD．will答案B【例36】】——IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe________not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A．mustB．mightC．．canD．need答案B【例37】】——Ican'tunderstandwhyourbossislate.—He________theearlybus.A．couldmissB．．mayhavemissedC．canhavemissedD．．mightmiss答案B4．oughtto/should意為為“按理應(yīng)應(yīng)該”?！纠?8】】—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowaftern—They________bereadyby12∶00.A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need答案B(三三)“情1．oughtto/shouldhavedone表示過去本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上未做，含有責(zé)備的口氣?！纠?9】I________havewatchedthatmovie—it'llgivemehorribledreams.(2010·山東)A．shouldn'tB．needn'tC．couldn'tD．mustn't答案A【例例40】】——I'lltellMarya—You________heryesterday.A．oughttotell B．maytellC．wouldhavetold D．oughttohavetold答案D2．．couldhavedone表表示示過過去去本本能夠夠做而而實(shí)實(shí)際際上上未做，含有有責(zé)備或或遺憾之之意?！纠?1】—You________yourteacherforhelp.Heiskind－h(huán)earted.—Yes.Awholedaywaswasted.A．canB．musthaveaskedC．couldhaveaskedD．shouldn'thaveasked答案C3．mighthavedone表示示過去本本可以做而實(shí)際際上未做，含有有責(zé)備或或遺憾之之意?！纠?2】He________youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A．mighthavegivenB．mightgiveC．mayhavegivenD．maygive答案A4．needn'thavedone表示過過去本沒沒有必要做，但實(shí)實(shí)際上做了，含有遺遺憾之意意。【例43】Mark________havehurried.AfterdrivingaA．needn'tB．wouldn'tC．mustn'tD．couldn't答案A【例44】Shewastoonervoustoreply,butfortunatelyshe________anything.A．didn'tneedtosayB．needn'thavesaidC．needn'tsayD．doesn'tneedtosay答案A二、虛擬擬語氣(一)虛虛擬條件件句的三三種基本本類型1．若與現(xiàn)在事事實(shí)相反反，條件件從句的的謂語用用一般過去去時(shí)(be通常用用were)，主句句謂語用用“would(should，could，might)＋動(dòng)詞原形形【例45】Ifplaces________alike,there________littleneedforgeographers.A．a(chǎn)re；shouldbe B．a(chǎn)re；willbeC．were；be D．were；wouldbe答案D2．若與與過去事事實(shí)相反反，條件件從句的的謂語用用過去完成成時(shí)，主句句謂語用用“would(should，could，might)＋have＋過去分詞詞”?！纠?6】Ifhe________，he________thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A．waswarned；；wouldnottakeB．hadbeenwarned；wouldnothavetakenC．wouldbewarned；hadnottakenD．wouldhavebeenwarned；；hadnottaken答案B3．若與與將來事事實(shí)相反反，條件件從句的的謂語用用一般過去去時(shí)(be通常用用were)或should＋動(dòng)詞原原形或wereto＋動(dòng)詞原原形，主主句謂語語用“would(should，could，might)＋動(dòng)詞原形形”?！纠?7】Whatwouldhappeniftheearth________stopturning?A．willB．wouldC．couldD．wereto答案D【例48】】—I—Yes,Iagreewithyou.A．wouldbe；got B．is；willgetC．wouldhavebeen；hadgot D．willbe；got答案A注：當(dāng)條件從句使用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的謂語時(shí)，主句也可用陳述語氣或祈使句?！纠?9】】Letmeknowifyou________somemorenews.A．heardB．wouldhearC．shouldhearD．weretohear答案C【例50】】Ifyou________interested,I________youthewholestory.A．shouldbe；willtellB．wereto；willtellC．were；willtellD．a(chǎn)re；wouldtell答案A(二)錯(cuò)綜綜時(shí)間虛擬擬條件句所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間間虛擬條件件句即條件件從句與主主句所指時(shí)時(shí)間不一致，如從從句指過去，而主句卻卻指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，此時(shí)應(yīng)根根據(jù)具體的的語境，結(jié)結(jié)合上面提提到的三種種基本類型型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的的調(diào)整。【例51】】Weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrowifwe________everythingreadybynow.A．haven'tgotB．hadn'tgotC．didn'tD．don'tget答案案B【例例52】】Ifhe________quietlyastheA．lies B．layC．hadlain D．shouldlie答案C(三三)含含蓄蓄虛虛擬擬條條件件句句假設(shè)情情況況不不用用if從句句來來表表示示，，而而是是用用without，，butfor，，otherwise，，or，，but等等表表示示一一種種含含蓄蓄條條件件。。表表示示與與現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在或或?qū)韥硐嘞喾捶?，，用用“would(should，could，might)＋動(dòng)詞原原形”；表【例53】Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight________forustolive.A．wouldbefreezingcoldB．willbefreezingcoldlyC．wouldbefrozencoldD．canfreezecoldly答案A【例54】】HehesitatA．hadscored B．scoredC．wouldscore D．wouldhavescored答案D【例55】Butforthestorm,we________earlier.A．willarrive B．shouldhavearrivedC．a(chǎn)rrive D．a(chǎn)rrived答案B(四)虛擬擬語氣氣的省省略有時(shí)可將連詞if省略，而將從句中的were，should，had提到主語之前?！纠?6】Whatwouldhavehappened,________，asfarastheriverbank?A．BobhadwalkedfartherB．ifBobshouldwalkfartherC．hadBobwalkedfartherD．ifBobwalkedfarther答案C【例57】】________youbefired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycA．WouldB．ShouldC．WereD．Will答案B【例58】________takengoodcareof,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.A．Hashebeennot B．HadhenotbeenC．Hasnothebeen D．Hadhebeennot答案B(五)使用用虛擬擬語氣氣的幾幾種從從句1．wish后的賓語語從句句和ifonly后的的句子子：表表示與與現(xiàn)在在事實(shí)實(shí)相反反的愿愿望，，從句句謂語語用一般過過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)進(jìn)行時(shí)；表表示與與過去去相反反的愿愿望，，從句句謂語語用過去完完成時(shí)或“would(could)＋have＋過去分詞”；表示將來來沒有把握握或不太可可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的的愿望，常常用“would(c【例59】】HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A．hasB．hadC．willhaveD．．hashad答案B【例60】】IwishI________youyesterday.A．seenB．．sawC．hadseenD．were答案C【例61】】Ifonlyhe________whatItellhim,buthewon't.A．haddoneB．．wouldhavedoneC．woulddoD．hasdone答案C2．a(chǎn)sif/asthough引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的方式狀狀語從句或或表語從句句：表示與與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)實(shí)相反，從從句謂語用用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；表示與與過去事實(shí)實(shí)相反，用用過去完成時(shí)；表示將將來的可能能性不大，，用“would(could)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。【例62】】Itseemsasifthesun________roundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.A．circlesB．iscirclingC．werecirclingD．．hasbeencircling答案C注：若從句所說說的內(nèi)容可可能為事實(shí)實(shí)，也可用陳述語氣氣?！纠?3】】Thelastbushasleft.Itseemsasifwe________towalkhome.A．shallhaveB．hadC．wouldhaveD．hadhad答案A3．It's(high/about)time后的定定語從句句：從句句謂語通通常用一般過去去時(shí)或“should＋＋動(dòng)詞原原形”(should不可省)?！纠?4】—Istillhaven'tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.—It'stimeyou________it.A．doB．didC．hadD．．would4．wouldrath【例65】Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhe________moreonitsculture.(2010·江蘇)A．focus B．focusedC．wouldfocus D．hadfocused答案B5．一個(gè)個(gè)“堅(jiān)持”(insist)、兩兩個(gè)“命令”(order，，command)、、三個(gè)“建議”(advise，suggest，，propose)、、四個(gè)“要求”(demand，require，，request，ask)后的賓賓語從句句：一般般用”should＋＋動(dòng)詞原原形”(should可省)?！纠?6】Thejudgeorderedthatthethief________punished.A．wouldbeB．．shouldbeC．wastobeD．mustbe答案B【例67】He________thathecouldfinishthejobwithoutanyhelp.A．claimedB．．requiredC．demandedD．．a(chǎn)sked答案A注：動(dòng)詞insist，suggest后的賓賓語從句句除可用用虛擬語語氣外，，也可用用陳述語語氣，區(qū)區(qū)別是：：若從句句內(nèi)容尚未成為事實(shí)實(shí)，用虛虛擬語氣氣；從句句內(nèi)容已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)實(shí)，用陳陳述語氣氣【例68】Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand________free.A．did；setB．．haddone；；shouldbesetC．do；besetD．does；；woul