考研考博-英語-四川電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.Theexperimentswereconductedbyapsychologist,JohnB.Calhoun,andhisassociates.Ineachoftheseexperiments,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosureandgivenanadequatesupplyoffood,water,andothernecessities.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Heandhisassociatesthencarefullyobservedandrecordedbehaviorintheseoverpopulatedcommunities.Attheendoftheirexperiments,Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity:Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior:theydidnotbehaveasmotherratsnormallydo.Infact,manyofthepups,asratbabiesarecalled,diedasaresultofpoormaternalcare.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdieD.Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.However,theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsideredpathologicallydiseased.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdiD.Thefactthatthedominantmaleshadadequatespaceinwhichtolivemayexplainwhytheywerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyoverpopulationastheotherrats.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowdingintheenclosure.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely;theymovedverylittleandateanddrankattimeswhentheotherratsweresleepinginordertoavoidcontactwiththem.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thissegmentoftheratpopulation,tikealltheotherparts,wasaffectedbytheoverpopulation.Thebehaviorofthenon-dominantmalesandoftheothercomponentsoftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun’sexperiments.InlargeurbanareassuchasNewYork,London,MexicanCity,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Thequantityofotherformsofsocialpathologysuchasmurder,rape,androbberyalsofrequentlyoccurindenselypopulatedhumancommunities.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Paragraph1isorganizedaccordingto（）.

2.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation（）.

3.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParA.1.

4.Whichofthefollowingbehaviordidn'thappeninthisexperiment?

5.Themainideaoftheparagraphthreeisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reasons

B.experiments

C.examples

D.definition

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.ataconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Allthemaleratsexhibitedpathologicalbehavior.

B.Motherratsabandonedtheirpups.

C.Femaleratsshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior

D.Motherratslefttheirratbabiesalone.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace

B.dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats

C.dominantmalesattackedweakerrats

D.thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.”中文翻譯為：1962年2月，一篇發(fā)表在《科學(xué)美國人》雜志上的文章報(bào)道了一組經(jīng)典的實(shí)驗(yàn)，以確定過量種群對(duì)老鼠群落的影響。結(jié)合后文，可以得知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字ratpopulation可以定位到文章第一段中“Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.”中文翻譯為“然后，他通過移除那些不依賴母親的后代來穩(wěn)定人口?！币虼薆為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由B項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindof.socialdisease.”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩和他的同事能夠得出結(jié)論，過度擁擠會(huì)導(dǎo)致老鼠之間正常的社會(huì)關(guān)系破裂，這是一種社會(huì)疾病。則排除B選項(xiàng)；由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.”中文翻譯為：實(shí)驗(yàn)中的老鼠沒有與生活在不過度擁擠環(huán)境的老鼠一樣遵循同樣的行為模式。則排除C選項(xiàng)；由D項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Calhounknewfromexperience...”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中得知……，則排除D選項(xiàng)；可以得知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由B項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups”中文翻譯為：母親們有時(shí)會(huì)拋棄他們的幼崽……則排除B選項(xiàng)；由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior”中文翻譯為：他們表現(xiàn)出異常的母性行為。則排除C選項(xiàng)；由D項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.”中文翻譯為：在正常情況下，一只老鼠媽媽不會(huì)讓她的幼崽獨(dú)自死去。則排除D選項(xiàng)；因此A項(xiàng)“所有雄性大鼠均表現(xiàn)出病態(tài)行為”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)B項(xiàng)“主導(dǎo)性的雄性老鼠并不像其他大鼠一樣嚴(yán)重地受到過度擁擠的影響”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.”中文翻譯為：在大鼠種群中，主導(dǎo)性的雄性種群受到的影響最小。故選B。

2.單選題

Herwhiteblousewasterribly（）withinkastheinkbottleoverturnedandspiltover.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.marked

B.merged

C.stained

D.colored

【答案】C

【解析】mark標(biāo)志,做記號(hào)；merge合并,融合；stain被污染,玷污；color粉飾,給...涂顏色。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指她的白襯衫被墨水污染,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（

）ofabrilliantcareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考察介詞短語搭配。沒有ontheporch這個(gè)搭配，排除選項(xiàng)A；onthethreshold“即將開始”；ontheedgeof“在……的邊緣”；onthecourseof“在……的過程中”。句意：作為學(xué)校里最年輕的教授，布朗先生正處在輝煌事業(yè)的開始階段。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Theinvestigationintothefoodsafetyincidentoverdairyproductstaintedwithmelamineis（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preceding

B.prescribing

C.proceeding

D.processing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)precede“先于、領(lǐng)先”；B選項(xiàng)prescribe“規(guī)定、開處方”；C選項(xiàng)proceed“開始、繼續(xù)進(jìn)行”；D選項(xiàng)process“處理、加工”，句意為：對(duì)于奶制品受三聚氰胺污染的食品安全事件，調(diào)查仍然在繼續(xù)。故正確答案選C。

5.單選題

______herpeninink,whensheheardthetrampingoflittlefeetalongthehall,andthenapoundingatherdoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nosoonerhasshedipped

B.Scarcelyhadshedipped

C.Assoonasshehaddipped

D.Hardlyshehasdipped

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Nosoonerhasshedipped她一蘸B.Scarcelyhadshedipped她剛蘸

C.Assoonasshehaddipped她剛蘸就D.Hardlyshehasdipped她剛蘸

【考查點(diǎn)】倒裝句。

【解題思路】根據(jù)when可知，scarcely/hardly…when表示“剛……就”，而scarcely/hardly位于句首就要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，所以B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)要與than搭配使用；

C項(xiàng)不需要與when搭配；

D項(xiàng)沒有部分倒裝。

【句意】她剛把筆蘸上墨水，就聽見大廳外的腳步聲，然后是敲門聲。

6.單選題

Goodsalesmenknowby（）thebestapproachtotakewithaparticularcustomer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bent

B.genius

C.instinct

D.faculty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bent“天賦，愛好”；B選項(xiàng)genius“天才，天賦”；C選項(xiàng)instinct“本能，直覺”；D選項(xiàng)faculty“能力，功能”。句意：優(yōu)秀的推銷員憑直覺就知道應(yīng)對(duì)特定客戶的最佳方法。由選項(xiàng)意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Beijingisa（）city,andstillmorepeoplearepouringin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.populate

C.populace

D.populous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。popular“受歡迎的”；populate“居住于”，是動(dòng)詞；populace“大眾，平民”；populous“人口多的”。句意：北京是一座人口稠密的城市，仍然還有很多人涌入。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Withinthatexclusivegroupofliterarycharacterswhohavesurvivedthroughthecenturies—fromHamlettoHuckleberryFinn-fewcanrivaltheculturalimpactofSherlockHolmes.Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks.

AtHolmes'side,ofcourse,washistrustedfriendDr.Watson.Loomingevenlarger,however,wasanotherdoctor,onewhosemedicalpracticewassoslowitallowedhimplentyoftimetopursuehisliteraryambition.Hisname:ArthurConanDoyle.Asthecreatorofthesefictionalicons,ConanDoylehashimselfbecomesomethingofacultfigure,theobjectofcountlesscriticalstudies,biographiesandfanclubs.

ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife.Therewasneverenoughmoney;theymovedfrequentlyinsearchoflowerrents;andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholicwhohadtobeinstitutionalized.Yettheearlylettershewrotetohismotheraresurprisinglyoptimistic,concernedmainlywithfood,clothes,allowancesandschoolwork.At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud's,wherehewas"delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers."

Asuperbstudent,ConanDoylewentontomedicalschool,wherehewasattractedbyDr.JosephBell,aprofessorwithanuncannyabilitytodiagnosepatientsevenbeforetheyopenedtheirmouths.ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession,orhowaquicklookataskinrashtoldBellthatthepatienthadoncelivedinBermuda.In1886,ConanDoyleoutlinedhisfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet,whichhedescribedas"asimpletaleofmysterytomakealittleextramoney."Itsmaincharacter,initiallycalledSherringfordHopeandlatercalledSherlockHolmes,wasbasedlargelyonBell.ButHolmes'firstappearancewentalmostunnoticed,andthestrugglingdoctordevotednearlyallofhissparetimetowritinglonghistoricalnovelsinthestyleofSirWalterScott—novelsthathewasconvincedwouldmakehisreputation.Itwasn'ttobe.In1888,HolmesreappearedinAScandalinBohemia，ashortstoryinStrandMagazine.Andthistime,itsherotookanimmediatehitandConanDoyle'slifewouldneverbethesame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTproperindescribingSherlockHolmes?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutConanDoyleandhisfamily?

3.ConanDoylefelt（）abouthisfirstvisittoLondon.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.ConanDoyle'sshortstory"AScandalinBohemia"turnedouttobe（）atlast.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sociable

B.Rational

C.Cunning

D.Intelligent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.

B.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

C.Hisfatherwasaddictedtodrinking.

D.TheyledahardlifeinEdinburgh.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.awful

B.pleasant

C.memorable

D.horrible

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.themorecallusesapersonhas,themoreprofessionalhewouldbe

B.writersoftenbasetheirwritingonpersonalexperiences

C.inspirationwasveryimportantforapersontocreatesomething

D.ConanDoylehasgonethroughaperiodofhardshiponhiswaytosuccess

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ridiculous

B.powerful

C.successful

D.frustrating

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：下列哪一項(xiàng)不適合描述夏洛克?福爾摩斯？根據(jù)原文第一段第二句“Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks”可知，福爾摩斯的形象是：有著彎曲煙斗和喜好可卡因的紳士，善于演繹推理和精心偽裝的大師，并且在犯罪文學(xué)、電影、電視、漫畫和漫畫書中都留下了印記。由此可知，B、C、D選項(xiàng)均屬于對(duì)福爾摩斯人物的描述，但原文并未提及他的社交方面，由此可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：下列對(duì)柯南道爾和他的家庭描述中哪一項(xiàng)表述不正確？根據(jù)原文第三段可知，柯南道爾出生于愛丁堡一個(gè)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭，生活并不輕松，錢總是不夠用，還得經(jīng)常搬家。他的父親是個(gè)公務(wù)員兼插畫家，還是個(gè)酒鬼，不得不送去了收容機(jī)構(gòu)。由此可判斷A、C、D選項(xiàng)描述均正確。在原文中并沒有過多提到福爾摩斯的母親，只提到他早期給母親寫過信，因此無從判斷他母親接受教育的情況。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：柯南道爾對(duì)第一次倫敦之行感到……。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“hisfirstvisittoLondon”可定位到原文第三段最后一句，作者用到了“unforgettable”來描述，由此可知這段旅行應(yīng)該是“難忘的”。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問：由文章最后一段可推斷得出……。原文最后一段講述的是柯南道爾經(jīng)歷了種種失敗和挫折后最后取得成功的故事。由此可以判斷D選項(xiàng)表述正確。由原文最后一段第二句“ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession…”可知，老繭的位置可以揭示一個(gè)人的職業(yè)，但并不表示老繭越多，他就越專業(yè)，可判斷A選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。原文只是提到柯南道爾的其中一部文學(xué)作品是以Bell醫(yī)生為原型，但無法得出作家經(jīng)常以個(gè)人經(jīng)歷作為寫作基礎(chǔ)，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“靈感對(duì)于個(gè)人創(chuàng)作非常重要”不能由原文最后一段推斷得出，也可排除。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問：柯南?道爾的短篇小說《波西米亞丑聞》最終被證明是（）。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到原文最后一段最后兩句。由原文信息可知，1888年，福爾摩斯在Strand雜志上刊登了短篇小說《波西米亞丑聞》，這篇小說的男主角風(fēng)靡一時(shí)，柯南道爾的人生也因此發(fā)生了變化。由此可以判斷，柯南道爾的小說最后大獲成功。本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)

9.單選題

Thefathercan’tevendisciplinehimself,______agoodexampletohischildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchmoretoset

B.muchlesssetting

C.muchlesstoset

D.stillmoresetting

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)muchmore“更加；多得多”，后面接形容詞；B選項(xiàng)muchlessdoing“更不用說”，后面可跟名詞、代詞和從句；C選項(xiàng)muchlesstodo非固定搭配；D選項(xiàng)stillmore“更加”。句意：這位父親甚至不能約束自己，______給他的孩子做個(gè)好榜樣了。根據(jù)語境，這里指不能約束自己，就更加不能做個(gè)好榜樣了，B選項(xiàng)muchlessdoing“更不用說”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.

ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained10,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14-layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.

Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai,flowingwestoftheupwarp,extendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarp;iteventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-miIe-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago.

Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcold,rainandsnow,alongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocks,increasetheopportunitiesforerosion.Thecanyonwallscrumble;theriveracquiresacuttingtool,tonsofdebris,rainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarvesidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Inthefirstsentence,theauthorreferstotheGrandCanyonasa“wound”toindicatethat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,thefirstphenomenontocontributetotheformationoftheGrandCanyonwas（）.

4.Whatwasthegeographicpositionoftheupwarpapproximately65millionyearsago?

5.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheGrandCanyoncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsoferosionindifferentmountainranges.

B.ForcesthatmadetheGrandCanyon.

C.TheincreasingpollutionoftheColoradoRiver.

D.ThesuddenappearanceoftheGrandCanyon.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwascausedbysomeancientconvulsion

B.itspresenceisanembarrassmenttothestateofColorado

C.itlookslikeaninjuryontheEarth'ssurface

D.ithascausedmanyvisitorstoinjurethemselves.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aseriesofvolcaniceruptions

B.thecollapseofrockformationsintheColoradoPlateau

C.asuccessionoffloodsfromtheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

D.theEarth’sinternalpressureliftingtheColoradoPlateauregion

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TotheeastofwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver’

B.TothewestoftheHualapaiRiver

C.AtthesourceoftheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

D.BetweentheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itscontoursareconstantlychanging

B.Thecuttingactionscarvenewstreamsalongitssides

C.Itseruptionshaveincreasedinrecentyears

D.Itisbeingerodedbytoxicwasteandpollutants

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。首段提出大峽谷的形成是一個(gè)緩慢而有序的侵蝕過程，中間兩段則是對(duì)大峽谷的形成原因和過程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析，最后一段指出大峽谷的形成原因還包括其他一些外力因素。因此B項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致大峽谷產(chǎn)生的各種力量”符合文章主旨。

第2題:判斷推理題。對(duì)于“wound”的理解可參考:thisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface(地球表面上的這道巨大的傷痕)。因此這里使用了比喻的修辭手法。C項(xiàng)“它（即大峽谷）看起來像地球表面上的一個(gè)傷口”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure(大約6500萬年前，大峽谷地區(qū)的高原平面由于內(nèi)部壓力而向上隆起)。因此D項(xiàng)“地球的內(nèi)部壓力抬起了科羅拉多高原地區(qū)”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai.flowingwestoftheupwarp(位于該上翹東邊的這些河中的一條是科羅拉多河的前身。另一條被稱為華拉派河的河流在該上翹的西邊……)。由此可知，大約6500萬年前，上翹的地理位置在華拉派河和如今的科羅拉多河之間。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative(從那以后，大峽谷的形成一直是累積的)，因此，A項(xiàng)“它的輪廓是不斷變化的”正確。

11.單選題

Eachoftheearlyarticlesabouttelevisionisinvariablyaccompaniedbyaphotographorillustrationshowingafamilycozilysittingtogetherbeforethetelevisionset.JennysatonMom'slap.BuddyperchedonthearmofDad’schair,DadwithhisarmaroundMon’sshoulder.WhocouldhaveguessesthattwentyorsoyearslaterMomwouldbewatchingadramainthekitchen,thekidswouldbelookingatcartoonsintheirroom,whileDadwouldbetakingintheballgameinthelivingroom?

Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous.Thesplinteringofthemultiple-setfamilywassomethingtheearlywriterscouldnotforesee.Nordidanyoneimaginethenumberofhourschildrenwouldeventuallydevotetotelevision,thecommonuseoftelevisionbyparentsasachildpacifier,thechangestelevisionwouldeffectuponchild——rearingmethods,theincreasingdominationoffamilyschedulesbychildren'sviewingrequirements—inshort,thepowerofthenewmediumtodominatefamilylife.

Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents.“Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally.”Writetheauthorsofanearlyandinfluentialstudyoftelevision’seffectsonchildren.Inotherwords,ifthechild’shomelifeisallright,parentsneednotworryabouttheeffectsofallthattelevisionwatching.

Buttelevisiondoesnotmerelyinfluencethechild;itdeeplyinfluencesthe“patternofinfluences’,thatismeanttoameliorateitseffects.Homeandfamilylifehaschangedinimportantwayssincetheadventoftelevision.Thepeergrouphasbecometelevision-oriented,aridmuchofthetimechildrenspendtogetherisoccupiedbytelevisionviewing.Culturegenerallyhasbeentransformedbytelevision.Thereforeitisimpropertoassigntotelevisionthesubsidiaryroleitsmanyapologists(toooftenmembersofthetelevisionindustry)insistitplays.Televisionisnotmerelyoneofanumberofimportantinfluencesupontoday’schild.Throughthechangesithasmadeinfamilylife,televisionemergesastheimportantinfluenceinchildren’slivestoday.

Television’scontributiontofamilylifehasbeenanequivocalone.Forwhileithas,indeed,keptthemembersofthefamilyfromdispersing,ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether.Byitsdominationofthetimefamiliesspendtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother,aqualitythatdependstoagreatextentonwhatafamilydoes,whatspecialrituals，games,recurrentjokes,familiarsongsandsharedactivitiesitaccumulates.

1.ThereasonforwhyearlyillustrationabouttelevisionshowsanentirefamilywatchingTVtogethermightbe（）.

2.Thequotationinthethirdparagraphillustratesthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,televisionbringschangestoallofthefollowingspheresEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatdoestelevisiondotodomesticlifeaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Theaimoftheauthorinwritingthepassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatpeopleregardedTVasameanstobringtogetherthewholefamily

B.thatearlyTVprogramsweresointersectingthateverybodyisthefamilywasattractedtothem

C.thatpeopleatthattimecouldn’timaginethattheycouldaffordmorethanonetelevisionathome

D.thatpeoplehadamoreleisurelylifethantheydonow

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.televisionexertedagreatinfluenceinsociety

B.someauthorswantedtorelievetheparents’worriesaboutthepossiblenegativeeffectoftelevisiononchildren.

C.televisiondidexertabadinfluenceonchildren

D.televisionchangedthealreadyexistedpatternofinfluences

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.technological

B.religious

C.domestic

D.educational

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itdestroystheformerlypeacefulenvironmentthatistypicalofafamily.

B.Itisolateseachindividualfamily.

C.Itsharpensthedifferencebetweenonefamilyandanother

D.Itmakesallfamiliesthesameintermsoftheirdomesticactivities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.inform

B.comment

C.explain

D.changealong-standingview

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Ofcoursetelevisionsetswereenormouslyexpensiveinthoseearlydays.Theideathatby1975morethan60percentofAmericanfamilieswouldowntwoormoresetswaspreposterous(當(dāng)然，電視機(jī)在早期是非常昂貴的。到1975年，超過60%的美國家庭將擁有兩套或更多的電視機(jī)，這種想法在當(dāng)時(shí)看來是荒謬的)。因此C項(xiàng)“當(dāng)時(shí)，人們無法想象一個(gè)家庭擁有一臺(tái)以上電視機(jī)”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。對(duì)第三段引號(hào)部分內(nèi)容的理解可參考第三段第一句:Afterthefirstyears,aschildren’sconsumptionofthenewmediumincreased,togetherwithparentalconcernaboutthepossibleeffectsofsomuchtelevisionviewing,asteadyrefrainhelpedtosootheandreassureanxiousparents(后來，隨著孩子們對(duì)看電視時(shí)間的增加，加上家長們擔(dān)心看這么多電視可能產(chǎn)生的影響，早期有一個(gè)很有影響力的關(guān)于電視對(duì)孩子影響的研究，其作者不斷重復(fù)的話讓很多家長消除了憂慮)。因此選B項(xiàng)“一些作者想消除家長對(duì)于看電視會(huì)對(duì)孩子產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響方面的擔(dān)憂”。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段第二句指出:Televisionalwaysentersapatternofinfluencethatalreadyexists:thehome,thepeergroup,theschool,thechurch,andculturegenerally(電視總是會(huì)通過進(jìn)入已經(jīng)存在的影響模式產(chǎn)生影響：家庭、同齡人群體、學(xué)校、教堂和文化)。因此，此題選A項(xiàng)“技術(shù)”。

第4題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:ithasnotservedtobringthemtogether,itdestroysthespecialqualitythatdistinguishesonefamilyfromanother(它通過支配家人在一起的時(shí)間，毀掉了每個(gè)家庭獨(dú)一無二的特性)。因此D項(xiàng)“使得所有家庭的家庭生活同一化”正確。

第5題:作者意圖題。文章主要闡述了現(xiàn)在電視對(duì)人類生活產(chǎn)生的影響，如家庭、同齡人群體、學(xué)校、教堂和文化等各個(gè)方面，因此C項(xiàng)“闡述”正確。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew￡3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.

【答案】能源部長查爾斯?亨得利上周宣布，將钚轉(zhuǎn)化為MOX（混合氧化物燃料）仍然在計(jì)劃中，但是只有在能負(fù)擔(dān)得起和有收益的情況下，才會(huì)建造一項(xiàng)新的30億英磅（47億美元）的工廠。盡管乍一看，這在財(cái)政上似乎是謹(jǐn)慎的，但與最近發(fā)生的其他事件相結(jié)合，就開始顯得荒謬了。就在幾周前，NDA（核退役管理局）回應(yīng)了政府自己提出的考慮如何處理庫存的請(qǐng)求，建議制造MOX的成本大于其作為燃料的價(jià)值。因此，最經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的計(jì)劃將是繼續(xù)儲(chǔ)存钚，直到有地質(zhì)處理設(shè)施可以將其埋在地下為止。那么到底發(fā)生了什么？為了弄清這一切，《自然》透過英國核工業(yè)的鏡子審視了這一切。

13.單選題

（）,Shakespearewasalsoaprolificwriterofsonnets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Notingforhisplays

B.Notesofhisplays,

C.Famousplays

D.Notedforhisplays

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的動(dòng)詞需要變?yōu)榉侵^語形式，而note與主句主語Shakespeare之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此，正確答案為D項(xiàng)。句意：看莎士比亞的作品可知，他也是一個(gè)多產(chǎn)的短詩作者。

14.單選題

Humble（

）itmaybe,there’snoplacelikehome,（

）hermaygo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.like,when

B.as,wherever

C.although,where

D.which,wherever

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句必須進(jìn)行倒裝，此處將表語humble提前；wherever意為“無論哪兒”，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。

句意：盡管家很簡(jiǎn)陋，但無論她去哪兒，沒有一個(gè)地方可以和家相提并論。

15.單選題

Inthelatetwentiethcentury,onemoresymbolicidealofmanhoodhademerged,the“spiritualwarrior”.ConjuredupintheteachingofRobertBlyandotherleadersofthemythopoeticmen’smovement,thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture.Itgrowsfromadirect,consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale.Thespiritualwarriorbelieveshehaslosttouchwiththosepassionsandlosthisabilitytoconnectdirectlywithothermen.Intheprocess,hehasbeenpreventedfromfulfillinghisdeepestspiritualneedsaswell.

Thisunderstandingofmanhoodappealsintenselytomanymenbecauseofitsfocusonfatherhood.Blyandotherslamentthegrowingdistancebetweenfathersandsonsinthemodernworld.Theteachersofthespiritualwarrioridealseethediscriminationofsonsfromtheirfathersrepeatingitselfinthedisconnectionofmenfrompassion,fromthespirit,fromtheirfellowmen.Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemov