跨文化商務溝通英文版教學課件第1章

1、跨文化商務溝通最新英文版教學課件第1章Chapter 1The Nature of Intercultural CommunicationChapter 1The Nature of Intercu1-*TopicsGlobalization/glocalization/grobalizationCultureEnculturation/AcculturationEthnocentrismNorms, rules, roles, and networksSubcultures and subgroupsCommunication barriersMultinational management

2、 orientations1-*TopicsGlobalization/glocali1-*Example of MiscommunicationTelex sent to a factory manager of a U.S. subsidy in Lima, Peru:“Please send a headcount of the people in your factory and in your office, broken down by sex. Information urgent.”The local manager, a Peruvian, replied: “Heres y

3、our headcount: we have 30 in the factory, 15 in the office, 5 in the hospital on sick leave, none broken down by sex. If you must know, our problem here is with alcohol.” (Axtell, 1994)1-*Example of Miscommunication*Communication and CultureCommunication and culture are inseparable.Culture is a code

4、 we learn and share.Learning and sharing require communicationCommunication requires coding and symbols that are learned and shared. (Smith, 1966)*Communication and CultureComm*DefinitionsInternational communication - communication between governments or among nationsIntracultural communication - co

5、mmunication between members of the same cultureGlobal business communication - communication between businesses from different countries*DefinitionsInternational comm*Intercultural business communication interpersonal communication within and between businesses that involve people from more than one

6、 cultureMelting pot - sociocultural assimilation of people of differing backgrounds and nationalities; implies losing ethnic differences and forming one large society (macroculture)Diffusion - the process by which two cultures learn and adapt materials and adopt practices of each other*Intercultural

7、 business commun*World culture - the idea that as traditional barriers among people of differing cultures break down, one culture will emergeGlobalization - the ability of a firm to take a product and market it in the entire civilized world*World culture - the idea thatU.S. Census 201064%White Ameri

8、cans16%Hispanic Americans14%African Americans 5%Asian Americans .9%Amer. Indians & Alaskan Natives .2% Native Hawaiians & Pacific Islanders .9%Others*U.S. Census 201064%White Amer*Globalization, Glocalization, and GrobalizationGlobalizationthe worldwide diffusion of practicesGlocalizationthe interpe

9、netration of the global and localGrobalizationfocuses on the imperialistic ambitions of nations, corporations, and organizations to impose themselves on others*Globalization, Glocalization,*Dimensions of CultureLanguages(codes/modes)Verbal NonverbalPhysical PsychologicalEnvironment Human Behavior Co

10、ntent ProcessesNatural Man Made Knowledge Belief Encoding Systems Decoding Thought From Borden, 1991, 171*Dimensions of CultureLanguage*Describe the U.S. or another Culture Using BordenLanguageVerbalNonverbalPsychologicalContentKnowledgeBelief SystemsProcessesEncoding ThoughtDecoding ThoughtPhysical

11、EnvironmentCultural activities*Describe the U.S. or another *Perceptions & StereotypesPerceptions are learned through the dimensions of culture. Culture is learned through perception.Stereotypes are perceptions about certain groups of people or nationalities, often based upon limited knowledge and/o

12、r exposure*Perceptions & StereotypesPerc*Stereotypes of U.S. PersonsInformal relationshipsRather formal in business attire (suits for men; dresses or suits for women)WorkaholicsEmbarrass foreign businesspeople Overly concerned with time, money, and appointments*Stereotypes of U.S. PersonsIn*Make dec

13、isions on hard, objective factsConsider contracts and the written word as very important Be aware of the status differences within the organization; however, generally no display of superiority or inferiority is made which makes rank-conscious foreigners uneasyAre very mobileConvey superiority in th

14、eir actions*Make decisions on hard, objec*Stereotypes of Selected Cultures (Japanese and U.S. Students)JapaneseAmericansEnglishgentlemanly,formal, proper,politepolite, intelligentIrishcold, patient,drinkers, jovial,religioushot-tempered, loudChinesediligent, seriousquiet,ingenious, laboringindustrio

15、us, smartMexicanscheerful, passionatelazy, poor, loud,spicy-food eatersdirty, uneducatedRussianscold, dark, closed,cold, respect authority,secret, selfishhard-workingIsraelisreligious, faithful,religious, quarrelsome,warlike, Jewishwealthy, greedy*Stereotypes of Selected Cultu*TermsEnculturation - s

16、ocialization process you go through to adapt to your societyFrontstage culture - cultural information that you are willing to share with outsidersBackstage culture - cultural information concealed from outsidersAcculturation - process of adjusting and adapting to a new and different cultureCultural

17、synergy - two cultures merge to form a stronger overriding cultureMulticultural - people who can move between two or more cultures very comfortablyEthnocentrism - the belief that your own cultural background is correctMindsets - ways of being that allow us to see, perceive, and reason through our ow

18、n filter*TermsEnculturation - socializ*Dimensions of AcculturationIntegration - persons become an integral part of the new culture while maintaining their cultural integritySeparation - individuals keep their culture and stay independent of the new cultureAssimilation - persons are absorbed into the

19、ir new culture and withdraw from their old cultureDeculturation - individuals lose their original culture and do not accept the new culture*Dimensions of AcculturationIn*Norms, Rules, Roles, and Networks(Situational factors that influence encoding and decoding of verbal and nonverbal messages)Norms

20、- culturally ingrained principles of correct and incorrect behaviors which, if broken, carry a form of overt or covert penaltyRules - formed to clarify cloudy areas of normsRoles - include behavioral expectations of a position within a culture and are affected by norms and rulesNetworks - formed wit

21、h personal ties and involve an exchange of assistance*Norms, Rules, Roles, and Netw*Subcultures and SubgroupsSubcultures (or microcultures) - groups possessing traits that set them apart from others within the macroculture. U.S. examples: senior citizens, Catholics, disabled persons, Asian Americans

22、Subgroups - groups with which the macroculture does not agree and has problems communicating. U.S. examples: youth gangs, prostitutes, embezzlers*Subcultures and SubgroupsSubc*Cultural IntelligenceInvolves linguistic intelligence, spatial intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and interpersonal i

23、ntelligenceInvolves the ability to interact successfully with individuals from other cultures*Cultural IntelligenceInvolves*Communication BarriersPhysical - time, environmentCultural - social, ethnic, religion, socialPerceptual - viewing from your own mindsetMotivational - mental inertia of listener

24、Experiential - dissimilar experiences or life happenings*Communication BarriersPhysica*Linguistic - unusual vocabularyEmotional - personal feelings, likes or dislikesNonverbal - how something is said or how the person behaves or gesturesCompetition - listeners having the ability to do other things*L

25、inguistic - unusual vocabula*Cultural IcebergAbove the waterlinewhat we can see; behaviors that are visible Below the waterlinewhat we cannot see; behaviors that are not visible or that do not make sense to us*Cultural IcebergAbove the wat*Domestic and Global MindsetsDomestic MindsetFunctional exper

26、tisePrioritizationStructureIndividual responsibilityNo surprisesTrained against surprisesGlobal MindsetBigger, broader pictureBalance of contradictionsProcessTeamwork and diversityView change as opportunityOpenness to surprises*Domestic and Global MindsetsD*Multinational Management OrientationsEthno

27、centric Management - All workers treated the same; no allowance for cultural differences in the work forcePolycentric Management - Considers the cultural needs of country where the firm is locatedRegiocentric Management - Considers the region rather than the country in which the firm is locatedGeocentric Management - A synergy of ideas from