英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文：《傲慢與偏見》中的婚姻觀及其透露的社會文化背景

1、本科生畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計)題目: The Socio-Cultural Background of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice傲慢與偏見中的婚姻觀及其透露的社會文化背景 （對齊）學(xué) 號: 姓 名: 院 (系): 專 業(yè): 完成時間: 指導(dǎo)老師: iiiACKNOWLEDGRMENTS（全文1.25倍行距打?。㊣ would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all the people who have ever helped me in this paper. My sincere

2、 and hearty thanks and appreciations go firstly to my supervisor, Miss Cao, whose suggestions and encouragement have given much insight into the translation. It has been a great privilege and joy to study under her guidance and supervision. Furthermore, it is my honor to benefit from her personality

3、 and diligence, which I will treasure my whole life. I gratitude to her knows no bounds. I am also extremely grateful to all my friends and roommates who have kindly provided me assistance and companionship in the course of preparing this paper. In addition, many thanks go to my family for their unf

4、ailing love and unwavering support. Finally, I am really grateful to all those who devote much time to reading this thesis and give me much advice, which will benefit me in my later study. 摘要 傲慢與偏見是簡.奧斯汀最著名的作品。簡.奧斯汀是十八世紀(jì)末十九世紀(jì)初英國杰出的現(xiàn)實主義作家。她的作品主要圍繞男女之間的愛情和婚姻展開，在這部小說中,簡.奧斯汀揭露了金錢、地位、愛情與婚姻之間的關(guān)系，指出婚姻要以愛情為

5、前提，但是也需要經(jīng)濟(jì)來提供保障。本文通過四對年輕人的婚姻，分析了小說所表現(xiàn)的婚姻觀，同時進(jìn)一步向人們展現(xiàn)當(dāng)時的社會文化背景和女性的社會地位，簡.奧斯汀的現(xiàn)實主義婚姻觀引人思考，在當(dāng)今的社會仍然具有一定的意義。關(guān)鍵詞：傲慢與偏見；簡.奧斯?。换橐?；愛情；金錢；社會地位 ABSTRACTPride and Prejudice is the most famous masterpiece of Jane Austen., the outstanding realistic novelist in Britain at the end of the eighteenth century and the

6、 beginning of the nineteenth century. Her novels always revolve around love and marriage between men and women, and disclose the relationship among status, love and marriage. They all indicate that though marriage should be based on love, economy is also needed to protect it. This article is aimed t

7、o analyze the views of marriage expressed in the novel by providing four types of marriage. Further, it will display the socio-cultural background and womens status at that time. However, Jane Austens realistic marriage is worth thinking, and still of important significance at today even in today.Ke

8、y Words: Pride and Prejudice; Jane Austen; marriage; love; money; social statusCONTENTSAcknowledgment = 1 * roman iAbstract in China = 2 * roman iiAbstract in English = 2 * roman iiIntroduction1The four types of marriage2The idealized marriage between Jane and Bingley2The spiritual marriage between

9、Elizabeth and Darcy2The sensual marriage between Lydia and Wickham3The secular marriage between Charlotte and Collins3The view of marriage in Pride and Prejudice43.1 A happy marriage based on love53.2 Money is a protection of marriage64. The socio-cultural background reflected from marriage74.1 Soci

10、al background of Pride and Prejudice74.2 Womens status in Pride and Prejudice95. Conclusion10Bibliography11The Socio-Cultural Background of Marriage in Pride and PrejudiceIntroductionPride and Prejudice was written by Jane Austen (1775-1817), a famous British novelist in nineteenth century. Jane Aus

11、ten was born in Hampshire Steven Dayton, the United Kingdom. She is well-educated and the main teaching materials are her fathers book. Austens father held it for more than forty years as a priest in the city. He is a learned priest, and his wife is from a relatively wealthy family with certain cult

12、ural education. Therefore, though Austen did not enter into regular school, the good condition and reading environment of her family gave her an opportunity to study independently and to cultivate the interest of her writing. When Austen was around fourteen years old, she began to write, and showed

13、her talent on language managing. She has six novels including Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814), Emma (1815) and Northanger Abbey (1818), Persuasion (1818), which were published after her death. Due to her life in town, she got familiar with small and mi

14、ddle landlords and priests, as well as tranquil and comfortable surroundings. Thus most of her works are based on the middle class of daily life in the villages. Through the contradiction of love and marriage, they reflect British social style and features in the early nineteenth century. She truly

15、descries the world around her in womens unique observation, especially the marriage and love among ladies and gentlemen.Pride and Prejudice is the most famous novel of Jane, which reflects the popular sentimental content and the style of affectation at that time. It displays four different types of

16、marriage, Jane and Bingley, Elizabeth and Darcy, Lydia and Wickham, Charlotte and Collins, and states four kinds of marital relations, idealized love, spiritual love, sensual love and secular love. In that case, we understand that the happy marriage should be based on love, while it cant access to h

17、appiness when just based on money or appearance. All of these were caused by socio-cultural background in the nineteenth century. People had a strong class consciousness. What is more, females had much lower status than males and they could not possess the right of inheritance, so marriage became a

18、good way for women to find dependence in the rest of lifetime. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen indicates that a happy marriage must be based on love and be provided protection by money. They become two necessary factors in the marriage.The four types of marriageIt describes four types of love an

19、d marriage of four pairs of young people in Pride and Prejudice. From the novel, we can touch the British social marriage values in the nineteenth century. Everyone longs for the marriage which is based on the true love, however, there are too many non-love factors mixing in marriage on the actual c

20、hoice.2.1 The idealized marriage between Jane and BingleyJane，the oldest daughter in Bennet family, who is tender and beautiful. She owns all virtues that the upper-class lady should have. And Mr. Bingley, who is good-looking, treats others in amiable manner. He looks like a gentleman with natural a

21、nd decent behavior. They met by chance in a dancing party, and loved each other at the first sight. After several close communication, especially during the time that Jane had stayed at Netherfield Park when she was ill, their feelings deepened gradually, they believe their characters are perfect to

22、 each other. When everything develops in a direction that Mrs. Bennet expects, Mr. Darcy and Miss Bingley hold a view that the marriage is not proper, and then they persuade Bingley to leave Netherfield in time. Darcy even manages to keep the information from Darcy that Jane has a brief stay in Lond

23、on. So that Bingley thinks that Jane does not love him, so he gives up the love reluctantly. At the same time, Jane endures the lovelorn pain alone and has no complaint Bingley, and even tries to exculpate for him. When Darcy tells the truth, the misunderstanding between them clears up, and the two

24、lovers eventually become spouse. The love between Jane and Bingley originally starts from appropriation of beauty and grace, and gradually sublimates to get along well because of their excellent personalities and characters. The couple of Jane and Bingley is a typical combination of the beauty and t

25、he geek(郎才女貌). But it does not get rid of the truth which is full of ironic tone at the beginning of the novel, it is a truth well known to the entire world that an unmarried man in possession of a large fortune must be in need of a wife (Austen, Jane. 2000, p1). The lovers experience twists and suf

26、fering in order to demonstrate authors intention love depends on not only the appearance but also some other factors. It is an important breakthrough for the old tradition, which emphasizes being matched for marriage. Author arranges the middle class to marry into the royal family, which is an obvio

27、us idealized marriage that establishing in mutual attraction and affection.2.2 The spiritual marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy Elizabeth and Darcy are the leading characters of Pride and Prejudice. If Jane and Bingley fell in love at the first sight, quite the opposite, Elizabeth and Darcy did no

28、t leave a good impression for each other when they met in the party at the first time. Elizabeths pride is hurt by Darcys arrogance, and then she owns Darcy a bias. The middle class Elizabeth and her unseemly relatives stand for makes Darcy ignore her beauty and virtues. In consequence, a lot of arg

29、uments appear between them since they met, yet it helped them to enhance mutual understanding later. Elizabeths words are so sharp. Nevertheless, she is also ingenuous, sagacious and brave. For instance, when she faces Lady Catherines interrogatory, Elizabeth answers that he (Darcy) is gentleman, an

30、d she is the gentlemans daughter, they are well-matched. Elizabeths mother, Mrs. Bennet, urges her to marry all the time, but she has sense of self-reliance and insists that she marries only for true love, which differs from the others. Elizabeth refuses to marry the man she does not recognize. She

31、looks forward to getting a happy marriage. Darcy, a handsome man grows up in a well-known family and has good self-feeling. He has not only estate, but also a large amount of fortune. He does not like to take part in dancing or other social activities, and he always looks pride within the others eye

32、s, so he is often misunderstood by others. In fact, Darcy is a strong-minded person. He falls in love when he realizes Elizabeth is beauty, elegant, and vivacious in his heart. Because there is a wide gap between the two families, such as status and fortune, Darcy hides his love. Especially at the f

33、irst marriage proposal, Darcy demonstrated he loves Elizabeth even though he overlooks Elizabeths family and even her own social inferiority, which makes Elizabeth feel Mr. Darcy becomes more ungracious. As a result, the prejudice gets deepen. Elizabeth says that Darcy is the last man in the world w

34、hom she could ever be persuaded to marry. Later, Mr. Darcy has a self-reflection of his past, and then told Elizabeth the fact of Wickham, and also changed himself arrogant behavior in some degree. Darcy tries his best to help Elizabeth youngest sister when her family is in trouble. After that, Eliz

35、abeth gradually clears up the misunderstanding to Darcy and fully understands him. Darcy and Elizabeths love arises from each communication, instead of their appearance. Although some certain prejudice exists at the beginning, it strengthens the understanding of each other on the contrary; actually

36、they become a sweet couple who find the true love.2.3 The sensual marriage between Lydia and Wickham The youngest daughter of Bennets, Lydia, who lives with over-sized ego and ignorance. She ignores the traditional morality, and pays no attention to the serious consequences which are caused by her f

37、rivolous behaviors. So when she meets Wickham, a typical speculator, who once attempted to obtain wealth through marriage, Lydia is deceived by his sweet words. Wickham fails to abduct Darcys younger sister previously, and then expresses his interest to Elizabeth. Later he transfers his affection to

38、 Miss King, who inherits ten thousand pounds. At last, he elopes with Lydia. The relationship between them purely bases on passion and beauty without any love. From Mrs. Gardiners letter, it explains that Wickham privately told Mr. Darcy that he left the regiment because of his gambling debts, not b

39、ecause he intended to marry Lydia. Besides, he still hopes to find and gets married with a woman of fortune in order to have a comfortable income. Were it not for Darcys help, supporting them financially, Wickham would not get married with Lydia. It is a highly critical marriage, which shows the dis

40、advantages of marriage without love. Wickhams affection for Lydia soon becomes indifference, their living often besets by financial difficulties and asks for their older sisters help. Author thinks the marriage is unethical, so they could not get happiness.2.4 The secular marriage between Charlotte

41、and Collins Comparing with Lydia and Wickham, the marriage between Charlotte and Collins is more honorable and more rational. Social status and money play leading role in their marriage; they marry for the sake of respective interest. Charlotte is well-educated and bright. She does not marry because

42、 her appearance is not outstanding and she does not have much property. She yearns for romantic love and understands that marriage should be based on love, but for the age and property reasons, she still selects Collins, a man who possesses certain fortune and status. Collins, a overbearing and comp

43、liant man, who has double personality and gains the patronage of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, who gives him the post of rector at Hunsford. Also, he will eventually inherit Bennets property. In that case, he has an extraordinary high opinion. He considers that he has qualification and right to select h

44、is wife optionally. So when Elizabeth refuses his overconfident cousin in contempt, Charlotte grapes the opportunity to marry him. Charlotte achieves property and lives in a comfortable life. She marries Collins after a series of rational thinking although she knows they do not love each other. She

45、has no choice because she must be more realistic as her youth goes by. Maybe money and status is enough for Charlotte to find a comfortable home. However, the marriage could not bring her any happiness. Jane Austen expresses her sarcasm and ridicule for their marriage, the marriage is only a gory so

46、cial tragedy under the generous coat.The view of marriage in Pride and Prejudice In the early nineteenth century, there were clear boundaries among social stratum in Britain. Most of the characters in Pride and Prejudice care about the class they stand for. Majority of females pursue romance, howeve

47、r, property and status play more important role in the marriage. The property can only be inherited by males; it limits females marital autonomy in some degree. In that case, the sisters, Jane and Elizabeth experience lots of difficulties on their way to happy marriage. Also, facing the reality, Cha

48、rlotte agrees to get married with Collins to change her property and status. 3.1 A happy life marriage based on loveAs Jane Austen tells us the marriage without love is boring, while it just with love is unrealistic, and it is painful for ordinary people（李俏，王建華，張超，李紅濤，2008). Everyone believes that i

49、deal marriage is based on love like the marriage of Elizabeth and Darcy, Jane and Bingley. Elizabeth is the central character in Pride and Prejudice. She is a new female who has rebellious spirit and independent personality. Austen pins her hopes and ideals on her. Elizabeth repulses Collinss offer

50、of marriage at the beginning, then repulses Darcys. From the two repulses, we realize her rational attitude is marriage without love will not be happy.Collins tries to get married with Elizabeth in order to display his favor and generous. When he proposes to Elizabeth, Collins clearly states his pro

51、poses of marriage. On the one hand, it is right for priest to marry, as an example to other people. On the other hand, he thinks marriage will add greatly to his happiness. Moreover, his generous patron advises him to find an active and useful person, who can make a small income go a long way. He al

52、so wants to please Lady Catherine by his marriage. He considers confidently, Elizabeth certainly accepts his proposal by superior condition although she has a lot of attractions. However, to his surprised, Elizabeth refuses him, and she makes clearly that Collins will not make her become happy, and

53、Elizabeth convinces that she is the last woman in the world who will make him become happy. Obviously, the outside material conditions including money and status can not touch Elizabeths heart, because she believes that only true love is the strong foundation of marriage. After that, Collins changes

54、 his pursuing object. He proposes to Charlotte at once because he only needs a hostess. After Collins gets married with Charlotte, Charlotte praises gardening as a most healthy exercise and encourages her husband to work outside as much as possible. Elizabeth feels when Mr. Collins could be forgotte

55、n, the house seemed very pleasant and comfortable (Jane Austen, 2000, p118). It shows that they have no love between them, so in their life, they cant find any interesting, thus it can be seen that love plays a very important role in the marriage. When Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, Elizabeth repulses

56、 him because of his pride and her own prejudice. She answers the moment I first met you, I noticed your pride, your sense of superiority, and your selfish disdain for the feelings of others and later events strengthened my dislike for you (Austen, Jane, 2000, p150). From it, her ration about marriag

57、e shows in front of us, and she never compromises the marriage without love. With the development of story, they eventually remedy the breach and get in touch with each other any further, and then they live with happiness. The reason for their perfect marriage is that they love each other.3.2 Money

58、is a protection of marriage At the beginning of the story, Jane Austen mentions, it is a truth well known to all the world that an unmarried man in possession of a large fortune must be in need of a wife and when such a man moves into a neighborhood, even if nothing is known about his feeling or opi

59、nions, this truth is so clear to the surrounding families, that they think of him immediately as the future husband of one or other of their daughters (Austen, Jane, 2000, p1). The insightful opening not only has strong irony, but also implies rich and deep social values. It is not hard to realize t

60、hat economy is everything in Pride and Prejudice. The whole story is filled with figures. For instance, Mr. Bennet has two thousand pounds of property annually, Bingley has an income of four or five thousand pounds a year, Darcy has an income of ten pounds a year (楊世宇，2008). Of course, except for th