英漢文化詞的文化內(nèi)涵的對(duì)比差異

1、2014屆學(xué)士學(xué)位論文英漢基本顏色詞文化內(nèi)涵對(duì)比研究學(xué)院、專業(yè)外國(guó)語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)研究方向應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)學(xué)生姓名田雨學(xué)號(hào)20100501068指導(dǎo)教師姓名徐靜指導(dǎo)教師職稱講師2014年4月15日HuaibeiNormalUniversityTheComparativeStudyonDifferentCulturalConnotationsofBasicColorWordsBetweenEnglishandChineseByTianYuUndertheSupervisionofLecturerXuJingSubmittedtotheSchoolofForeignStudiesinPartialFulfill

2、mentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsinEnglishHuaibei,P.R.ChinaApril,2014 本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）誠(chéng)信承諾書(shū)本人鄭重承諾所呈交的畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）英漢基本顏色詞文化內(nèi)涵對(duì)比研究，是在指導(dǎo)教師徐靜的指導(dǎo)下嚴(yán)格按照學(xué)校和學(xué)院有關(guān)規(guī)定完成的。本人在畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）中弓用他人的觀點(diǎn)和參考資料均加以注釋和說(shuō)明。本人承諾在畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）選題和研究?jī)?nèi)容過(guò)程中沒(méi)有抄襲他人的研究成果和偽造相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)等行為，若有抄襲行為，由本人承擔(dān)一切責(zé)任。承諾人：2010年級(jí)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)簽名：田雨2014年5月1日AbstractThew

3、orldweliveinisverycolorful.Therearealargenumberofcolorwordsoragreatvarietyofcolorexpressionsinourbooksdescribingallthecolorthingsinthenatureandinthesocietyaswell.Colorwordshaverichculturalconnotations.Duetothedifferentsocialcultures,historicalprocessesandgeographicconditions,EnglishandChinesecolorwo

4、rdsreflecttheirnationalcolororientation,socialvalues,culturalcustoms,religiousbeliefandcharacteristicsetc.Therefore,itisofgreatsignificancetohaveacomparativestudyontheculturalconnotationsofcolorwordsbetweenEnglishandChinese.Thisthesisisdividedintofourchapters.Thefirstchapteristheintroductionwhichhas

5、ageneralreviewofthestudiesaboutcolortermshomeandabroadanddiscussesthenecessityandpossibilityofthisstudy.Nextchaptermakesananalysisofword-formationcharacteristicsofbothEnglishandChinesebasiccolorwords.ThethirdchapterservesasthemainbodyofthisthesiswhichmakestheidentificationonbasiccolorwordsbetweenEng

6、lishandChinesewhichpresentsinformationcollectedfromthesummarizedpreviousresearchstudyaboutcolorwordsandsummarizesthesituationonthestudyofbasiccolorwordsathomeandabroad.Thelastchapteristheconclusionwhichpresentsfurtheranalysisofthecausesofsuchdifferencesmainlyfromthenaturalenvironment,religion,cultur

7、al,customsandsoon.Keywords:basiccolorwords;culturalconnotations;differences;comparativestudy摘要人類生活在一個(gè)神奇的色彩世界，顏色滲透到我們生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。用來(lái)表示這些顏色的顏色詞數(shù)不勝數(shù)，基本顏色詞構(gòu)成了顏色詞中的一類典型。而顏色詞是極富表現(xiàn)力的語(yǔ)言，英漢語(yǔ)言在色彩運(yùn)用以及賦予色彩的聯(lián)想意義方面既有相同點(diǎn)，又有差異，而且隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，顏色詞的聯(lián)想意義也將具有新的內(nèi)涵。顏色詞具有豐富的文化內(nèi)涵。由于不同的文化、歷史和地理原因，英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的顏色詞反映了自己民族的顏色取向、社會(huì)心理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰等文

8、化特點(diǎn)。因此對(duì)英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)顏色詞的文化內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究具有重要意義。本文分四個(gè)章節(jié)進(jìn)行討論。主要分為緒論、基本顏色詞的確定、英漢基本顏色詞的文化內(nèi)涵對(duì)比、英漢基本顏色詞文化內(nèi)涵差異以及趨同成因分析四部分。在緒論部分：首先對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，回顧國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)顏色詞所作的研究，討論本研究的必要性和可能性；第二章，收集資料，總結(jié)前人的研究成果，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)顏色詞的研究情況進(jìn)行概括，并分析其中的不足，同時(shí)介紹了本文的研究意義及研究思路；第三章是全文重點(diǎn)，首先對(duì)漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)基本顏色詞的構(gòu)成進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究，不同的構(gòu)成方式?jīng)Q定了其文化內(nèi)涵的不同，然后詳細(xì)分析了中英文基本顏色詞文化內(nèi)涵的相同點(diǎn)和差異點(diǎn)；第四章是

9、結(jié)論，進(jìn)一步分析產(chǎn)生這種差異的原因，總結(jié)全文，說(shuō)明本文的寫(xiě)作對(duì)解釋語(yǔ)言和文化的發(fā)展以及思維方式的轉(zhuǎn)變都會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的借鑒作用。關(guān)鍵詞：基本顏色詞；文化內(nèi)涵；差異；對(duì)比研究ContentsTOC o 1-5 h zAbstractII HYPERLINK l bookmark4 o Current Document ChapterOneIntroduction1 HYPERLINK l bookmark6 o Current Document ChapterTwoBackgroundofResearchonColorTerms3 HYPERLINK l bookmark8 o Current Do

10、cument TheNecessityoftheComparativeStudyonColorWords3 HYPERLINK l bookmark10 o Current Document StudiesonEnglishandChineseBasicColorWordsHomeandAbroad3ResearchonEnglishBasicColorWordsAbroad3ResearchonChineseBasicColorCharactersatHome4 HYPERLINK l bookmark12 o Current Document ChapterThreeAContrastiv

11、eStudyonCulturalConnotationsofBasicColorTermsinEnglishandChinese6Word-formationcharacteristicsofbasiccolortermsinEnglish6Word-formationcharacteristicsofChinesebasiccolorterms7ComparisonofCulturalConnotationofBasicColorTermsinEnglishandChinese9Redand紅9 HYPERLINK l bookmark14 o Current Document Whitea

12、nd白12 HYPERLINK l bookmark16 o Current Document Blackand黑14 HYPERLINK l bookmark18 o Current Document ChapterFourReasonsforSimilaritiesandDifferences19ColorandReligion19 HYPERLINK l bookmark20 o Current Document ColorandNature20 HYPERLINK l bookmark22 o Current Document ColorandCustoms21 HYPERLINK l

13、 bookmark24 o Current Document ChapterFiveConclusion22 HYPERLINK l bookmark26 o Current Document WorksCited23 ChapterOneIntroductionWearelivinginaworldofbeauty,wondersandcolors.Aroundusarethebluesky,whitecloud,greentrees,redsun,andgreybuildingsandetc.Ourworldissocloselyconnectedwithcolorsthatplayani

14、ndispensableroleinourlife.Forcenturiespeopleuseavarietyofcolorwordsandalargernumberofcolorexpressionstoshowtheirchangingfeelingsandpreferences.Thefollowingsentencesaregoodexamplestoseethecolorwords:Mrs.Brownisaverywhitewoman.Shewaslookinggreentheotherday.Shehasbeenfeelingbluerecently.WhenIsawher,her

15、wasinabrownmood.Ihopeshellsoonbeinapinkagain.Peoplemightgetpuzzledwiththesentencewhenreadingit,althoughthewordsandstructurearebothsimpleandpeopleareeagertoknowwhatitistalkingabout.Thereasonforthisisthatwedontknowwhatthesecolorwordsimply.Sowhatdotheyconveytous?Inourdailylifeweoftenencounterwithmanyth

16、ingsofdifferentcolors.Thusdifferentcolortermsandexpressionsarebadlyneededtodescribe,illustrateandexplainwhatweareconfrontedwith.Thoughtherearecolorwordsincommoninbothlanguages,thesamecolorwordsmayindicatedifferentmeanings.Thereasonforthisphenomenonisthatlanguageisoriginatedfromlifeandinfluencedbycul

17、ture.Thuslanguageistheproductofculture.ThisthesishastentativelymadeastudyofcomparativestudyofculturalconnotationofbasiccolortermsinEnglishandChinesefromperspectiveofsemantics.Thefirstchapteristheintroductionwhichhasageneralreviewofthestudiesaboutcolortermshomeandabroadanddiscussesthenecessityandposs

18、ibilityofthisstudy.Nextchaptermakesananalysisofword-formationcharacteristicsofbothEnglishandChinesebasiccolorwords.ThethirdchapterservesasthemainbodyofthisthesiswhichmakestheidentificationonbasiccolorwordsbetweenEnglishandChinesewhichpresentsinformationcollectedfromthesummarizedpreviousresearchstudy

19、aboutcolorwordsandsummarizesthesituationonthestudyofbasiccolorwordsathomeandabroad.Thelastchapteristheconclusionwhichpresentsfurtheranalysisofthecausesofsuchdifferencesmainlyfromthenaturalenvironment,religion,cultural,customsandsoon.Ifreaderscanunderstandthemeaningsandtheirculturalconnotationsoftheb

20、asiccolorwords,theyllbenefitalotinappreciatingliteratureandfacilitatinginunderstandingdifferentcultures.BymakingacomparativestudyofthecolortermsinEnglishandChinese,wecanhaveanideaofwhatishappeninginpeoplesmind,inthedevelopmentoftheirlanguagesandculture.ChapterTwoBackgroundofResearchonColorTermsTheNe

21、cessityoftheComparativeStudyonColorWordsLanguageisusedtoexpresspeoplescognitionoftheworld.Everythinginthisworldhasitsowncolorandthereforethecolorfulnesswillneedtohavespecificvocabularytodescribethecommoncolor.Thus,colorwordsariseatthehistoricmoment.EitherinChineseorEnglish,therearealotofcolorwords,t

22、hisisduetoculturaldifferenceswhichproducedifferentculturalconnotations.Therefore,itisnecessarytofindamorescientificandcompletewaytoanalyzeandstudytheculturalconnotationsofcolorwordstoenrichourunderstandingoftherelationshipsbetweenlanguageandculture,tohelpunderstandandtranslatethelanguagesindifferent

23、culturalbackgrounds,andtospecifyintherealsensetheidentificationandculturaldifferencesbetweenpeopleofspeakingdifferentlanguages.StudiesonEnglishandChineseBasicColorWordsHomeandAbroadNearly2,500yearsago,scientistsdidthestudiesofcolorwordsfromthecognitiveperspectiveinwesterncountries.Inthelast3decades,

24、withthedevelopmentofneurology,biologygenetics,cognitivescienceandcognitivepsychology,peoplediscoveredtheinnercomplexrelationsofcolors,relativelyenrichingtheunderstandingofinnermechanismandexteriorfunctionsofcolorvocabularysystem.A.ResearchonEnglishBasicColorWordsAbroadStudyabroadoncolorwordhasalongh

25、istory,andtheearlyresearchcanbetracedbacktoancientGreece.ItisPlatowhomadetheresearchesoncolorsandthereforeformedhisperceptionsofcolors,whichisregardedastheclassictheoriesofcolors.Histheoriesarenotonlyusedasthebasisofthephysicalfield,butalsoastheelementarytheoriesinotherfieldssuchasphilosophy,ethnogr

26、aphy,psychology,anthropology,linguistics,sociolinguisticsandsoon.Platobelievedthatthewhitestuffcauseeyeopenwhileblackthingleadtothecontractionoftheeye.HisdiscipleAristotledividedcolorsintosimplecolorandcomplexcolor.Inhisopinion,simplecolorsrelatestosomebasicelementsinthephysicalworldandthenatureofco

27、lorsisassumedthatcolorsweremixturesofblackandwhite(ordarknessandlight).Aristotlethoughtthatsimplecolorsbelongtofourelementsfire,air,waterandearth.Airandwaterarebynaturewhite,fireandthesunyellow,andearthisnaturallywhite,andthattheblackisthepropercolorofelementsinprocessoftransmutation.Goetheisalsoint

28、erestedincolorterms.Throughtheexplorationandexperiment,hewroteColorTheorywhichfocusontherelationshipbetweenthecolorandtheemotionalchanges.Goethethoughtthatthecolorofthechangesintemperaturecanmakeadifferencetopeoplesdifferentpsychologymood,suchaswarmcolorscanstimulatethecheerful,livelyandpositiveemot

29、ion,whilecoolcolorcanmakepeopleagitated,restlesssensitive.Evolutionwasputforwardformallyasatheoryinthelate1960s,withthepublicationofBerlinandKaysBasicColorTerms:theiruniversalityandevolution.BerlinandKayholdanopinionthatlinguisticuniversalityandsemanticevolutionreflectthecharacteristicsthatthecolorw

30、ordsystemgenerallyhas.Beforethat,manyscholarsinsistthatthecolorwordstudyoffersatypicalcross-culturalexampletoinfavorofthelinguisticrelativetheory,forthemeaningsofcolorwordsinacertainlanguageletusknowthecharacteristicsofthesocietyandthusitiscultural-determinedtosomeextent.SoBerlinandKaytookabigleapin

31、linguisticuniversality.Asthevarietiesofcoloraresomany,theyonlychosethebasiccolorwordstostudyandregardedthemasthefocusoftheiracademicstudy.B.ResearchonChineseBasicColorCharactersatHomeComparedwiththestudiesabroad,thestudiesonChinesebasiccolorcharactersathonearemuchlaterandlimited.InancientChina,Chine

32、sepeoplehadrateddiversifiedcolorsandproducedasmanycolorwordsaspossibleasaresultofthedevelopmentofpotteryanddyingindustries.Theearliestworkoncolorwordsis詩(shī)經(jīng)(TheBookofSongs)whichisjustconfinedtoChinesecolorcharacters.In1964,ZhangPeijipublishedthebookEnglishWordsofColorandSoundandTheirTranslation,making

33、adetaileddescriptionoftheusageofalmostalltheEnglishcolortermsandtheirtranslation.Later,manyscholarscarriedoutresearchesbycomparingthecolortermsbetweenChineseandotherlanguageswiththeviewoffindingthedifferencesinlanguageandculturalandcontributingtothecross-culturalcommunication.Inthelater1970s,withthe

34、introductionofanumberofforeignlinguistictheoriestoChina,WuTiepinginhistwoarticles,ProbingIntoFuzzyLanguage（1979）（模糊語(yǔ)言初探）andReprobingIntoFuzzyLanguage（1980）（模糊語(yǔ)言再探），introducedtheconceptoffuzzylanguage,inwhichcolortermsasaphenomenonoffuzzylanguagedrewtheattentionofscholars.Hesaidthatinordertobuildthes

35、tructureoffuzzylinguistics,firstwemustknowthelanguagewhichpresentsfuzzy.（伍鐵平P115）Tenyearslater,hepublishedanotherarticleTheoryofColorWordsandItsFuzzyProperties（論顏色詞及其模糊性質(zhì)），inwhichhefurtheranalyzedthereasonsofthevagueness.Duringtheperiodfrom1980sto1990s,manyarticlesaboutcolorwordswerepublished,whichd

36、ealwiththeconnotations,functions,translationsofcolorwordsandtherelationshipbetweencolorwordsandculture.ChapterThreeAContrastiveStudyonCulturalConnotationsofBasicColorTermsinEnglishandChineseCenteredoncolorand“顏色”respectively,EnglishandChinesearecomposedoflargecolortermssystem.Colorisfollowedbyeleven

37、basiccolortermsasitssub-setcolortermswhileeachsub-setcolorterms,isfollowedbyevenmoresubtlecolorwordsasitssub-setcolorterms.InChinese,“顏色，likeitsconvertibleofEnglishwordcolor,isfollowedby10basiccolortermsasitssub-setcolortermswhileeachsub-setcolorterms,isfollowedbyevenmoresubtlecolorwordsasitssub-set

38、colorterms.I.Word-formationcharacteristicsofbasiccolortermsinEnglishEnglishbasiccolorwordsarethosewordsdescribingcolorsofsubstancessuchaswhite,black,red,green,gray,brown,yellow,blue,purple,pink,orangeetc.Mostofthosecolortermsareofsinglesyllable,originatingfromAnglo-Saxon,thenativelanguageofEngland.I

39、tcanbesaidthatthebasiccolortermsinEnglisharethoseseveralonesoriginatingfromAnglo-Saxonwithcharacteristicsofconciseness,easeofbeingremembered,moreflexibilityandhighrateofutility.Whentalkingaboutcolorterms,weoftentakeitforgrantedthattheyareadjectiveswhileitisnotthecase.BasiccolorwordsinEnglishappearin

40、sentencesinmanypartsofspeechsuchasnoun,verb,adverb,adjectiveetc.Occasionally,theirpartofspeechcanbetransformedbyaddingprefixsuchasembrown,empurple,oraddingsuffixsuchasblueness,reddenandblacken.Here,therearebrownandyellowforexamples:Brown:Hereyesarebrown.(adjective)Brownthemeatinafryingpan.(verb)they

41、ellowsandbrownsofthetreesinautumn.(noun)Hishairisbrownblack.(adverb)Yellow:Shewasinabrightyellowdress.(adjective)Thefleshofhischeeksseemedtohaveyellowed.（verb）Thewallshavebeenpaintedbrightyellow.（noun）TomasterthosebasiccolortermsinEnglish,thefirstandforemostistobefamiliarwiththeirmanypartsofspeech.B

42、esidesmakinguseofsub-setcolortermsoftheiradjectivetoexpressconceptsofcolors,thebasiccolorwordsalsoapplyotherwaystotheexpressionofcomplexconceptsofcolorssuchaspale,bright,deep,light,dark,blendingcolorsetc.Actually,suchwordsaslight,paleareputbeforethemtoshowthelightcolor;bright,rich,vividaretoshowtheb

43、rightnessofcolor;deep,darkareputbeforethosecolortermstoshowconcentratedcolorwhiledull,pale,dirty,murky,darklingaretoshowdarknessofcolor.Forexample:darkordeepblue（深藍(lán)），clearblue（鮮藍(lán)）,mediumblue（中藍(lán)）,lightblue（淺藍(lán)）,paleorbabyblue（淡藍(lán)），etc.Inadditiontoadjectivesmentionedabove,thebasiccolortermscanalsobecoll

44、ocatedwithanothercolorword（basiccolortermsorsomesubstancecolorones）ornouns.Therefore，theycanexpressablendingcolor.Takeblueasanexample:skyblue（天藍(lán),蔚藍(lán)）,moonblue（月光藍(lán)）,oceanorseablue（海藍(lán)）,ice-snowblue（冰雪藍(lán)）,peacockblue（孔雀藍(lán)）,jewelryblue（寶石藍(lán)）,powderblue（粉末藍(lán)）,purplishblue（藏藍(lán)）,navyblue（海軍藍(lán)）etc.Ifemphasisisputo

45、nthelightnessofcolors,suffix-shcanbeaddedtobasiccolorterms,whichareputbeforethosecolortermssuchasgrayishwhite，purplishredetc.Thiswayofexpressionisprettyflexibleandeasiertocollocate.Iftwosortsofcolorexistinacertainthingorsubstancebuttheyarenotablendingcolorbecausebothcolorsarenotmixedtogetherbutforma

46、nothercolor.Forexample,yellowandblackco-existmeansthatyellowskinandblackspotinaleopard.Inthatcase,therecomesaparticularwayofexpressionforbasiccolorwords,illustratedwithaformula:colorword-and-colorword+noun.Forinstance:Yellow-and-blackleopard（一只花豹）,ared-and-blackcap（一頂紅黑帽子）,ared-and-whitestripedblous

47、e（一件紅條紋白底襯衣）etc.II.Word-formationcharacteristicsofChinesebasiccolortermsItiswell-knownthatthelanguageofChineseisoneoftherichestlanguagesintheworldintermsofcolorterms.InChinese,thebasicChinesecolortermsare黑，白，紅，黃，綠，藍(lán)，紫，灰，棕etc.Thecolortermsmentionedabovecanbeaddedformalargernumbersofsub-setcolorterms.

48、Forexample,“紅canbeaddedtoform粉紅、“淺紅、“火紅、“水紅”、“鮮紅etc.;“白canbeaddedtoform雪白、“純白、“潔白、“蒼白etc.;while黑canbeaddedtoform漆黑、“烏黑、“黝黑、“深黑、“油黑etc.SimilartothewaysofformationoftheEnglishbasiccolorwords,Chineseword-formationwayscanbeflexibleincludingsubordinateform（suchas乳白，深白，純白，米白，銀白，象牙白etc.）,combinationstructu

49、re（suchas藍(lán)紫，褐綠，黃綠，灰綠，靛藍(lán)，紫紅etc.）,supplementationstructure（suchas紅彤彤、白刷刷、綠油油、灰蒙蒙etc.）.Subordinateformisbeingtakenintoaccount.（常敬宇，2002）Herearesomeexamples:adjectiveindicatingdegreeorquality+colorterms,suchas深紅，純白，淺藍(lán)；colorterms+element色”，suchas紫色、紅色、白色；nounsofsubstance+colorterms,suchas棗紅、銀白、象牙白；nounso

50、fsubstance+element色,suchas肉色、金色、土色；colorterms+colorwords,suchas紫紅、粉紅、靛藍(lán)；AmajorityofChinesecolorwordsareformedwithasubstanceofacertaincolor.Thatis,newwordsareformedwiththestructureofmetaphoricalbody+colorterms.Forinstance,wordsassociatedwithflowersare桃紅，“杏紅，“杜鵑紅，“玫瑰紅，“芙蓉紅，“牡丹紅etc,;wordsassociatedwith

51、fruitsare“石榴紅，“櫻桃紅，“檸檬黃，“杏黃，“蘋(píng)果綠，“葡萄紫etc.;wordsassociatedwithvegetablesare辣椒紅，“高粱紅，“玉米黃，“芥末黃，“蔥綠，“茄皮紫etc.;wordsassociatedwithanimalsare“魚(yú)肚白，“孔雀綠，“鵝黃，“蟹青，“駝色，“牡蠣白，“羊毛白，“鮭魚(yú)紅etc.LikeEnglishcounterparts,theChinesebasiccolortermsalsoworkasnounsandverbsetc.,whichcanbeillustratedclearlyintheChineseliteratu

52、res.Forexample:俄頃風(fēng)定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑（杜甫茅屋為秋風(fēng)所破歌）Inthepoem,thepoetusetwowords墨and黑asadjectivestodescribetheroughweatherandthecomingnightintheautumn.“雄雞一聲天下白”（李賀致酒行）Inthispoem,thepoetnotonlymadethecolorword白averb,butalsoputitattheendoftheline.Thecolorwordisfunctionedasaonomatopoeia,likeproducingsound,making

53、itmorevividandsymbolic.姑太太說(shuō)到這里一頓，輕輕吁了口氣，眼圈兒也像有點(diǎn)紅了。（茅盾子夜）Mrs.Tupausedandsighedslightly,hereyesreddeningattheedges.西南天上起了烏云，密雨下黑了天地（周立波暴風(fēng)驟雨Suddenlyinkycloudsgatheredinthesouthwesternskyanddissolvedintoadownpour,blackeningheavenandearth.Inexamplesand，紅and黑functionasverbs,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthecorre

54、spondingEnglishversionoftranslation.ComparisonofCulturalConnotationofBasicColorTermsinEnglishandChineseInthispart，basedonthestudiesandtheories，contrastwillbemadeontheculturalconnotationsofbasiccolortermsinEnglishandChinese.Culturalconnotationactuallyhasnoexactdefinition.Inthisthesis，itmainlycontains

55、metaphoricalmeaning，symbolicmeaning，emotionalmeaningandotherextendedmeanings.Redand紅Redistheearliestcolorusedbypeopleintheworld.Itisthecolorofblood，aswellasthesunandfire.Itisknowntousallthatintheearlyperiodofhumanhistory，itisthesunandfirethatmadelifeeasier.So,inbothEnglishandChinese,redand紅areattach

56、edtodignity,“enthusiasm,“l(fā)ove,“beauty,“happiness,andsoon.（1）Revolution:Duringthewartime,Chinasnationalflagisinredcolorwithfivestars,soitiscalledwuxinghongqi（五星紅旗）.Chinesenationalflagisredwhichmeansbeingstrainedredbythebloodoftherevolutionariesandmartyrs,whilehonglingjin（紅領(lǐng)巾）isansymbolofit.DuringtheC

57、hineseAnti-JapaneseWar,紅insuchexpressionsashongjun（紅軍），“hongseshoudu（紅色首都），“hongweibing（紅衛(wèi)兵），“hongseniangzijun（紅色娘子軍)，“hongsegenjudi”(紅色根據(jù)地)alsoimplytheconnotationofrevolution.Duringthe1950sand1960s,theWestcalledChinaasRedChinatodistinguishitfromTaiwangovernment.TheNationflag,Partyflag,Armyflag,Yout

58、hLeaguerflaginourcountryarethesymbolofthemartyrsbloodwhichremindsusofthecreationandthehard-wonofthecountry.WhilethecolorofredintheAmericannationalflagrepresentsthesuccessofrevolutionthroughwar.Celebration:InChina,“紅”isthemostfrequentcolorincelebrationsandjoyfuloccasions.ToChinese,redalwaysmakesthemt

59、hinkofwarmth,prosperity,happiness,celebrationandsoon.ThiscanbefoundinChinesedailylife,forinstance,bridewearredclothestoexpresshappinessandboisterouselationintheweddingceremony.“雙紅喜”shouldbestucktothewindowstosymbolizetheweddingandhappinessofanewcouple.DuringtheSpringFestivaldaysinChina,theolderwillh

60、andoutredenvelopscontainingmoney(發(fā)紅包)tothechildreninordertocelebratethecomingofthenewyearandhopethechildrentobelucky,redantitheticalarestuckonbothsidesofthedoor,redChinesecharacters福pastedup,redpaper-cutsattachedontothewindows,redfireworkssetoff.Inbusiness,peopleuse“開(kāi)門(mén)紅”tosymbolizegoodfortune.Whenab