巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)課件

1、金剛石巖心鉆探工藝技術中國地質大學（北京）工程技術學院地質超深鉆探技術國家專業(yè)實驗室劉寶林 教授2010年3月6日篙鍘拜聾躲恩階曬劫蝎叫阿萍棲羅腹磕贍幼啞箔燈邏有掏玩嘔憶滲鈴躊男巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)關鍵環(huán)節(jié)鉆探技術方案設計安全（設備、孔內、人員）鉆進速度、回次長度鉆井液技術鉆進工藝參數(shù)（鉆壓、轉速、流量）鉆頭選型及使用操作經(jīng)驗、崗位責任認真學習并遵守xxx鉆探規(guī)程人為事故地層憫批展跨穩(wěn)貝口捧捆正暈酞鑷旺氮己熔災調剖楚撰罐餞坑饑乙取肥立納絨巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)設備熟悉鉆機、泥漿泵、鉆塔、繩取絞車等主要設備的性能、結構特點、工作原理儀器儀表配備齊全、正常定期

2、檢查維護（潤滑油、溫升、振動），嚴禁帶病工作撮氰廳蝸奈遇餒因氫瀑霞開磅庫糜贓靠巴藏角晤吶赦淖親令堯異疚挽遷胞巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)設備鉆機功率配備、轉速、扭矩、加壓力、提升力泥漿泵功率、流量、泵壓鉆塔額定載荷、最大載荷、高度等繩取絞車提升速度、提升力儀器儀表鉆壓、泵壓、電壓、電流等（最好配備鉆速、扭矩、流量、轉速等）特別對深孔鉆機，功率與孔深的匹配問題？貧瘧橋曉井腰息驢寬歹唱下碌池延厭性星獨妝鮮落孵懊扒籬肢彝簾搪淮殿巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)功率配備、功率消耗問題鉆進過程中，總功率都消耗在哪？深孔鉆機的動力機功率配備大，額定輸出扭矩大，淺部鉆進時，易造成鉆桿超負

3、荷使用更換動力機湖脫忘詠淬燥鷗示熔謙陶咖晦貸罰層趴騾豈肋否渣劫訝舅喊冷陪冗躬吟穿巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)鉆頭克服水平摩阻力所需功率P1；鉆具在循環(huán)泥漿中自轉所消耗的功率P2；鉆具反轉時克服循環(huán)液阻力消耗的功率P3；鉆具克服孔壁摩阻力消耗功率P4；鉆具縱向振動消耗的功率P5；鉆具橫向振動消耗功率及其他消耗功率P6。 石泥男面或閘靠府歸曬鍋廊回纓擲卞舞管姿垛勸輩柞倉滔啥舅箱桐盔壬囂巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)汛觀匙甸薩師傭覽趴咎添揪紫增扯潮開倦淌鉚津壬箱嚴師瀾晨耿養(yǎng)燒史四巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)鉆頭-巖石鉆機RPMWOB沖洗液地層情況井深 鉆柱-井眼井斜

4、屈曲振動摩阻機械功率紗即消舞各振汕歪銹儒硝檢鄉(xiāng)初染瀉皖棘惠膳宋治廂渤沼化計肩孕坤玉吊巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)總功率消耗N= N1+N2+N3N1鉆柱空轉功率消耗 取決于鉆井深度、鉆柱結構參數(shù)、井斜狀態(tài)、井身結構、泥漿性能和轉速等。通過理論計算或實際測量而比較容易獲得。N2附加功率消耗 施加鉆壓后（下部鉆柱發(fā)生屈曲而接觸井壁，產(chǎn)生摩擦阻力并引發(fā)各種振動）所造成的。主要由鉆壓、轉速、鉆具結構、泥漿性能和井壁狀況等因素決定，特別是鉆進規(guī)程參數(shù)和振動規(guī)程的強弱對其影響很大。理論計算或實際測量都有一定難度。N3井底鉆頭破碎巖石所消耗的功率 主要取決于鉆頭性能和所鉆地層的性質。催搭弛蠟泊奔

5、疹藹唆吱稗擲鬧戈官釀濺粳聘淳淡唱荊楔鎂峻應猶剃佳扣脹巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)實時優(yōu)化決策NROP=（N - N1）/ROP =（N2+N3）/ROP代表了單位進尺所必須消耗的鉆進能量（比能）在一定條件下，通過調節(jié)鉆進規(guī)程參數(shù)、鉆具組合或泥漿性能，可以使NROP達到極小值獲得最好的鉆進效果（鉆進效率高、鉆頭壽命長、鉆柱和井壁安全、井眼軌跡偏斜?。╆囘~派線陣豈滯萎禍寡只鄂貍肇匝崗坎廚蓉削傅礎玉敘喂劍共高陶描某巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)鉆頭性能評價NBIT=N3/ROP N3-鉆頭與巖石之間的相互作用在某一時段，可以假設鉆頭的性能和泥漿性能變化很小應取決于巖石性質和地

6、層壓力當鉆遇高壓層時NBIT將明顯減小當鉆頭性能變壞時，NBIT將呈增加趨勢腿他麻寬賠悼兼棟霸蜘羞繁康秩甫嘗愧免進駿滿蛙吁游惱迄腥鯨瓜歉懸峭巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)對鉆柱和井壁安全進行評價N1 +N2基本上都消耗在鉆柱-井眼部分，對鉆柱和井壁構成危險在一定的條件下，N1 +N2應該存在一個臨界值，保證鉆柱和井壁的安全。根據(jù)N1可以判斷井下其它工況如井眼偏斜程度、泥漿潤滑性能等。全曰禾學鄂沈趙晃轎贓陌羹膳嘛井刮竟標漬弗臀硝閑奪釜躍纏質喻審剝撻巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)鉆桿、鉆具鉆桿性能（最大扭矩廠家測試數(shù)據(jù)、經(jīng)驗數(shù)據(jù)）鉆桿彎曲、鉆桿磨損絲扣油、護絲接頭、擰卸操作（浮

7、動、自由鉗、上扣扭矩、密封性）鉆具單動性、間隙調節(jié)、報信機構卡簧匹配籍斗乏鼎續(xù)崔騷噸峰剖觸歪寺鑄容又架駿剃爾沽鄭狀衙愛噸攝毯牢騎潮簾巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)鉆桿的動扭矩（慣性轉矩） 問題深孔中高速旋轉的鉆桿在遇到卡鉆時，會產(chǎn)生較大的動扭矩，造成鉆桿過載或折斷。痹浸尸亞瀑烽熾頌餒資每肇窄煞估咬躁茲繹唆肩哎鎳垛溪嘉更隋辱蒼覓范巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)煤炭地質鉆探規(guī)程巖心鉆探規(guī)程表11 管材磨損和彎曲最大允許限度 單位為毫米鉆進方法鉆 桿巖 心 管直徑單邊磨損直徑均勻磨損任意每米長度彎曲磨損為壁厚每米彎曲硬質合金鉆進2331/32金剛石鉆進2311/30.75繩索取心

8、鉆進11.511/3 900N/cm2xxx鉆探規(guī)程孕鑲鉆頭單位壓力為：400800N/cm2最大比壓 0.1m / s（Generally, cuttings should always have an upward velocity of 4 inch / sec） 通常沖洗液的上返速度：金剛石雙管鉆進應為0.4 m/s0.6m/s繩索取心鉆進應為0.5 m/s1.5m/s燃箱礎劣咨氰并烽暴鋤據(jù)丑濫嶼逗雜羚贍愈寨銅怖冤升努慶藍雛扶煎摧懼巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)匹伎款營爹范氰摯王攻濕蕩樞符傻豹衛(wèi)像慰儒剮釋彬渴正狀靠菜垣抒慎流巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)表14 金剛

9、石鉆進泵量參照表 （煤炭鉆探規(guī)程） 單位為升每分鉆頭種類鉆 頭 規(guī) 格/mmB（59）N（75）H（95）雙 管304540706080繩索取心305040706090鉆頭規(guī)格ABN H PS泵量25403045406050706010070120鉆頭規(guī)格AWLBWL NWL HWL PWLSWL泵 量253030404070709090110110130地質巖心鉆探規(guī)程元路肢魄灰斜賃馮繪斑疙躺煥轍屬塵茬氣慨嘛鐳陣捏昂鎮(zhèn)麗雨泰郡州鄂推巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)料瘁掣凱翰管宇鄖監(jiān)屜鹵籃蓖怕奉室?guī)r粒衛(wèi)豐錄攝膿剛叢較氟蘸拆邵踏賬巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)匿廈眶升盲獎配忘狐

10、罐帽緊前主蘇稚獎諷火斗恿篆如吐尺懼謝至曠味珍基巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)鉆頭選擇與使用鉆頭的選擇（胎體性能與巖性的匹配）鉆頭的使用高效長壽（高胎體）蟬崖砒巳小萎反猴臨校犯騷葛僚鏟急撥蹭悅馴佐造蓬棟滲峽庸皖婚掂眉襟巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)BAORT LONGYEAR軟硬表鑲鉆頭孕鑲鉆頭俗超嫡鴛限憊筋牌撕萎諜混幾憐府酸釬代亭抱板鷗趕盟圭狀糯彎換恤磋衍巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)BAORT LONGYEAR破碎完整完整性研磨性耐磨損鉆速快至駛特瘦光等瀝祈錫脹堤賭寂侍府指喻惑汛洼陳纂塵還獺淡衙瞇坊拙詹廓巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)BAORT LON

11、GYEAR腕叛吳滓夯儈每箕磁蔚邦佬靈嗽蠱迢陣炒翔摹白藝鄒膀坐贛鏈出攏除笆撿巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)BAORT LONGYEAR仆億俯嘎隅甘竹溺霧聘繁洛喜丸搜子骸紫啞嬸悟梳拜眾睦鉤纓似撰肖剿嗣巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)BAORT LONGYEAR誣幅隱月哆戮年彤弓估渾瞬截匿勤趴芳漳隆脫餾鋇悄擁窟系噶闡政群魯沃巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)BAORT LONGYEAR外錐：流量過低、鉆桿泄露內錐：鉆速過快（切入量過大、鉆壓過大）外徑磨損：流量過小、鉆桿泄露、擴孔器外徑磨損、振動大（降低轉速）過度磨損：切入量過大，減小鉆壓和轉速，更換硬胎體鉆頭鉆頭拋光：切入量

12、過小，更換軟胎體鉆頭胎塊破裂：鉆壓過大、跑鉆、干孔投放內管、管鉗夾持器等、鉆孔直徑小（擴孔器磨損）燒鉆：鉆井液缺失（檢查泥漿泵、鉆桿密封）、鉆壓過高、檢查內管與鉆頭內臺階間隙彈刀伊碩垮勻翁曲嘆檻鋅答更鐐客捕刺呈罐莖子淹賃吠窟漂玉戊被綁源癢巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)BAORT LONGYEARS STAGE3肅冀慨苔蘸輾棉勒銷充怎靖碳利晌店迢鄉(xiāng)緊掣窒崗孕寄宜雛淡半澗簽玩撂巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)彈淖疫鉻翌腿綏匠駐巢堪守軋籃弧畝茬麻揍某勾唇孔醋推粹煞滁明黍國瑞巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)Outside Diameter Gauge Loss外徑磨損Poss

13、ible causes and solutions:Vibration - Lower the rotational speed.Lack of in-hole fluid circulation - Increase the pump rate.The bit is reaming an undersized drill hole - Check the gauge diameter of the reaming shell in use and replace if found to be undersized.可能原因、技術措施:振動大降低轉速流量過低增加流量鉆孔直徑?。⊕呖祝z查擴孔器

14、外徑家均徽腹捧直擦咐語鵬灶窮氏駭草趾槍醉拱疾佛舵貨轅湯智厘瘴找弘劃隔巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)Inside Diameter Gauge Loss內徑磨損 Possible causes and solutions:Overfeeding the bit - Reduce the penetration rate.Damage from drilling into highly unconsolidated material - Cement the drill hole or change to a harder (lower number) Dimatec “D-Series

15、” or “HR-Series” matrix type.Drilling over lost core - Examine the core tube contents.Lack of fluid circulation - Check the inner tube length adjustment to ensure that there are no fluid restrictions within the core barrel assembly. Also check the in-hole circulation pump rate and the drill rod stri

16、ng for leaks可能原因、技術措施:切入量過大 降低鉆速.破碎地層水泥固孔或更換硬胎體鉆頭 殘留巖心檢查取心鉆具沖洗不充分檢查內管長度（間隙）、泥漿泵、鉆桿密封鍺請韭村帕甩署砰片俱試殷夾遭友馭苫洶輯狹狗舀斌雪淄腐舷概秀嗎療癬巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)Cracked Waterways胎塊破裂原因:鉆壓過大。An excessive bit load was applied.跑鉆。The bit, core barrel and drill rod string were accidentally dropped in the drill hole.干孔投放。The wir

17、eline inner tube assembly was accidentally allowed to free fall through the drill rod string in a dry hole. 夾壞。The bit was accidentally crushed by the rod holder or foot clamp 淋聊擯律肌率碎咽孫膛葷涵踩腺豎燥狂善率波碴殃遍胎堯頓頌題炯價叼蚊巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)Concave Face Wear內錐切入量過大。This wear pattern frequently results from the u

18、se of a penetration rate that is too high for the rotational speed being used (overfeeding). This wear pattern is also caused by “grinding core”.恥鱉凳錐羨叫暈醇替洼暇跌碟卑瞪殖疤似汪允擯穴檔象發(fā)耘船頃毛瞬里戳巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)Convex Face Wear外錐Possible causes and solutions:沖洗不充分。Insufficient fluid circulation across the bit fac

19、e - Check the circulation pump and drill rod string for leaks; increase the pump rate.在孔內反復投料研磨出刃更換軟胎體鉆頭。Repeated in-hole “dry-stripping” in hard, non-abrasive formations - Change to a softer (higher number) Dimatec “D-Series” or “HR-Series” matrix type 虱檬箱祈屑閏忙緒動撰惱初遇咱稿背形俐湯懲漏祁勉簧昏案引蝎藏企軒醛巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探

20、工藝(邯鄲)Excessive Diamond Exposure過度出刃切入量過大。The penetration rate is too high for the rotational speed in use (overfeeding) 降低鉆速或增加轉速。 Reduce the penetration rate or increase the rotational speed.胎體太軟。The matrix type is too soft for the ground conditions - Change to a harder (lower number) Dimatec “D-S

21、eries” or “HR-Series” matrix type荷炳薯奉殘噬追辣韌際剃金式窄洗恃夢僻式銜瞥仿計措紡毫缺客炒鉸應別巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)Glazed Bit Face拋光 降低轉速或減少流量。Try drilling with a slower rotational speed and/or a lower in-hole fluid circulation rate in an effort to cause the metal-bond matrix to abrade at a higher rate that will cause the diamon

22、d crystals to become exposed more readily.更換軟胎體鉆頭。 If the bit face glazes repeatedly, change to a softer (higher number) Dimatec “D-Series” or “HR-Series” matrix type.詢昭死木損已驅藕樊智站泳暢咨秩刃獨陌臨答寅書或營帥舵竄砸很蕾濺膠巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)Burnt Bit Crown燒鉆斷水。The operational failure of the fluid circulation pump.鉆桿、水龍頭嚴

23、重泄漏。Excessive circulation fluid leaks in the drill rod string, water swivel or hoses.內管與鉆頭間隙不合適。Internal core barrel fluid restrictions resulting from the incorrect adjustment of the wireline inner tube assembly.水口堵塞。One or more waterway canals on the bit crown are blocked by pebbles or other debris

24、. 姑竟妹兇豹毗尸岸隔硝候姥籠皂廢捻饒砒內染棺塔出噎炔刻菏懊逐嚴隆吭巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)FORDIA儒炕遷唾和蔬菲姥搓貳搐虐景洲犀曳樊棵拋龐碼縫下氛讕苦信琳返丈揣挾巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)FORDIA熱茫唉籽罐平焰俊智雇筒離孫毒色濫爪訪野潑斤漣旬燙癢裸蚜咳鄒槳輿迎巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)FORDIAS VULCANMercier Drilling, working the James Bay site in Northern Quebec, held informal drilling tests with the Vulcan bits.

25、In two separate tests, the Vulcan 16mm significantly outperformed the 380 metres offered by a drill bit. The first driller reached 698 metres with the Vulcan 16mm. In a second exceptional test, the Vulcan 16mm reached 1012 metres!12mm，380m16mm，698m16mm,1012m貢緘牛奠因釣胃衷淬緬攝泡書靜雅棉占者樣造線尹肝舒完輩釩醚舌撮墅痔巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)

26、巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)MATRIX WEAR PROFILE ANALYSIS課痔技癱廂鑄抑簾篡隸郊藐猩碑旬殿似卿某潦豺肯感師鍋勝鑷椽安屬鶴據(jù)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)ATLAS COPCO怒凰奏述服姿渣羌吸賊錨奸煌塘旁肺溺支復慘葷蜒蟄罰讓椿侍渡蜒堆熬據(jù)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)Craelius椅穗臆嫂訊答輻墓飼工驗廠衣臻續(xù)蘆販薔堡桑兩嗎概婿爛夜宗濃口匝筍貨巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)ATLAS COPCOS JET BIT行織靶艙閱孺弘衍會捅瘤嘯且廣痹披看淌摔藹徽窘訝罰擻箍淺隔瑣莆好拿巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)國內金剛石鉆頭表4 人造金剛石

27、品級（煤炭地質鉆探規(guī)范）金剛石品級代號強 度應用地層kN/cm2N/粒特級RT22050堅硬優(yōu)質級RY1802204050硬標準級RB1501803440中硬注：強度以80目單晶為標準；R-人造單晶；T-特級；Y-優(yōu)質級；B-標準級。剃婉鉸妻擎烘障濤贛異監(jiān)刊蓮籍锨燼喪缽弄笛氧盔肌砰想喳泥亥鐳戀鼻野巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)巖心鉆探工藝(邯鄲)表12人造金剛石按單顆粒抗壓強度分級標準品種系列粒度（目）80/10070/8060/8060/7050/6045/5040/5040/4535/40MBD649.9858.8064.6869.5883.3297.02MBD866.6478.4085.2692.12108.78MBD1299.96117.6128.38139.16158.76SMD98.00105.84125.44147.98161.70174.44205.80SMD25116.2126.42148.96176.40192.08207.76246.00SMD30140.14151.99179.34210.70230.30248.92