高三英語非謂語動(dòng)詞專題學(xué)案一

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案（一）非謂語動(dòng)詞作為英語中最重要的基礎(chǔ)語法之一，在高的體現(xiàn)，絕對不是幾個(gè)填空題那么簡單。在閱讀中，如果不懂非謂語的含義，學(xué)生就很難正確理解其中的長難句，進(jìn)而影響對整篇文章的理解。在寫作中，如果沒有非謂語的出現(xiàn)，學(xué)生就很難寫出一篇好的文章。所以，真正系統(tǒng)全面地理解非謂語的含義及用法，是十分必要的。一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念（即非謂語動(dòng)詞）顧名思義，非謂語動(dòng)詞是指句子中不作謂語的動(dòng)詞。（二、非謂語的基本形式：1.是動(dòng)詞。2.不作謂語）ng 現(xiàn)在分詞（作定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語時(shí)）動(dòng)名詞（作主語，賓語，表語時(shí)）to do 動(dòng)詞不定式done 過去分詞1.2.3.三、句能（即在句中可以作哪些成分）根據(jù)

2、概念定義，非謂語在句中能作除了謂語以外的所有成分。（即主賓表定狀補(bǔ)），以下做詳細(xì)說明解釋。1. 作主語(1)作主語時(shí)，一般情況下，選擇動(dòng)名詞稱之為動(dòng)名詞）。(一般首選動(dòng)名詞ng 或不定 to do 都可以,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞（故ngng)Hesiing means failure. =To hesie means failure.Thinking of you makes me old. =To think of you makes me old.Knowing olf is difficult. =To know olf is difficult.動(dòng)名詞多強(qiáng)調(diào)抽象的，概念性的動(dòng)作，可以是多次的，

3、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。不定式多強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作。Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火。(泛指玩火)To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火會發(fā)生。(一次具體的動(dòng)作)(2)ng 和 to do 都表示主動(dòng)的概念，表達(dá)概念時(shí)得用 done，但 done 是不能直接作主語的，此時(shí)，可以把 done 改為 being done 或 to be done 就可以了。仍然首選 being done。 Misunderstood is terrible.()Being misunderstood is terrible.=To be mi

4、sunderstood is terrible.()總結(jié)：非謂語作主語時(shí)，表主動(dòng)可以用to be done。ng，to do, 表時(shí)用 being done 或注意：不定式作主語時(shí)，往往由 it 代替它作形式主語（只能是 it），不定式則移至謂語之后。（平衡句子）It means failure to hesie.It makes me old to think of you.句型 It is +a/n/done for/of sb to do sth.(仍然稱之為不定式作主語)It is difficult for us to know ourselves. It is kind of yo

5、u to help me.2. 作賓語（動(dòng)賓或介賓）作賓語時(shí)與作主語用法一樣，都相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞（故ng 稱之為動(dòng)名詞），表主動(dòng)可以用ng，to do, 表時(shí)用 being done 或 to be done。介詞后的賓語只能用ng 或 being done。另外，動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)大多都是固定用法，需要專門。平時(shí)的哪些動(dòng)詞后接ng，哪些動(dòng)詞后接 to do，哪些動(dòng)詞都能接，意義有無區(qū)別，實(shí)際上，都是在積累非謂語作賓語的用法。常跟動(dòng)名詞ng 作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：admit, finish, avoid, practice, enjoy,excuse, miss(錯(cuò)過), imagine, apprete, d

6、elay,deny, consider,tpone, risk, resist, allow, ban 等等。mind, suggest,He admitted taking the watch.I apprete her devoting herself to the cause of education.(her devoting 邏輯主語)Theernmens banned logging to protect the environment.He couldnt imagine being cheated by his best friend.She did this to avoid

7、 being misunderstood by others.常跟不定式 to do 作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：agree, decline, refuse, attempt, promise, offer, decide, hope,end, expect, pretend, fail, wish,want, voteer, prepare, tend, claim, learn, desire, manage, long, plan, dare 等等。She longed to go back to her hometown.I cant afford to takano lessons.He pr

8、etended to be killed by the bear.I expected to be praised by my teacher.既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，又可以跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有： fet, remember, regret, try, mean 此時(shí)，要考慮二者的區(qū)別。 I will try to help you.(盡力)I try helyou.(嘗試)介詞或介詞短語有：go on, insist on, think of, put off, because of, pay attention to, look forward to, be keen on, befor，

9、feel like, consist in 等等，這些短時(shí)要用 being done。fond of, aim at, be afraid of, be engaged in, have語都是以介詞結(jié)尾，后邊都要跟She left without saying goodbye to us.ng，表True happiness consists in being content with oI am looking forward to seeing you.He was afraid of being cheated by his friends.lf.注意：make, find, consi

10、der, feel, think 等動(dòng)詞后如果是不定式作賓語，補(bǔ)語是形容詞或名詞，那么，常用 it 作形式賓語，把不定式移后。即所學(xué)的重點(diǎn)句型：make/ find/ feel/ consider/ think it +a/ n (for sb) to do sth (仍然稱之為不定式作賓語)I find it difficult to work with him. I feel it useless to argue with her. He made it a rule to get up early.3. 作表語ng 稱之為動(dòng)名詞），表主作表語時(shí)與作主語，賓語用法一樣，都相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞（

11、故動(dòng)可以用ng，to do, 表時(shí)用 being done 或 to be done。動(dòng)名詞多強(qiáng)調(diào)抽象的，概念性的動(dòng)作，可以是多次的，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。不定式多強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作。另外，表示將來的，計(jì)劃的，有目的的事情也多用不定式作表語，結(jié)構(gòu)。His favorite sport is swimming.（泛指游泳）Your task today is to wash the curtains.（一次具體的工作）be to doality in children.（表目的）The pure of education is to develop a fineHe was to go

12、out when his friend came to visit him.（計(jì)劃，打算，安排）You are to be rewarded.（應(yīng)授 It is nowhere to be found.（表，表）He is not to be feared.（不應(yīng)怕他）總結(jié)：非謂語作主語，賓語，表語時(shí)，都相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞（動(dòng)名詞的原因），用法基本相同，時(shí)刻注意固定結(jié)構(gòu)和主4. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語是十分重要的。(1). 賓語補(bǔ)足語是指在英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞后邊接了賓語意義仍然不完整，還需要對其賓語作做補(bǔ)充說明的一些成分。例如：want sb to do 中 want 是謂語動(dòng)詞，sb 是賓語，而 to d

13、o 就是 sb 補(bǔ)足語。非謂語作賓語補(bǔ)足語大多都是固定結(jié)構(gòu)（很多同學(xué)背了很多這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，只是不知道叫做補(bǔ)足語），需要專門。常跟不定式 to do 作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：allow, ask, encourage, forbid, remind, like, want, order,l, expect, cause, invite 等等. He asked his parents to help him.What caused her to give up her studies? He likes his wife to dress well.(2). 后接非謂語作賓補(bǔ)的常見詞匯，常見考點(diǎn)匯總

14、With 發(fā)現(xiàn) 與保持， 看 聽 留下 抓 使役。(這八個(gè)詞用法要牢記于心，做題時(shí)要敏感，考查十分頻繁。)With +sb/ sth+ng(主動(dòng),進(jìn)行)/done(，完成)/to do(主均可，表將來)切記：with 是介詞，只要與動(dòng)詞搭邊連用，都是非謂語，區(qū)別 as.With my teacher helme, I be ve my English will improve.(As my teacher helps me )WiWilot of problems settled, he was happy.(As a lot of problems have been settled)lot

15、 of problems to settle, he was noppy.(As a lot of problems are to be settled)表示看聽意義的詞很多，有 see, watch, notice, observe, hear 等，它們用法基本一致，以see 為例，說明用法。see + sb/ sthng(看見正在做，主動(dòng)) /do(看見做了，過程，主動(dòng)) /done(看見被- done(正被做)I heard her sing an English song.聽見她唱了一首英語歌。I heard her singing an English song.聽見她在唱一首英語歌

16、。 I heard an English song sung by her.英語歌被唱。I would like to see the plan carried out.find/ spot sb/ sthng(主動(dòng)，正在做) /done()/beingcatch sbngbe caughtngHe was caught stealing sth.leave sb/ sthng(主動(dòng))/ done（）Mum went to work, leaving her baby crying at home.Mum went to work, leaving the food untouched.keep sb/ sthng(主動(dòng)) /done()It is wrong to keep the machine running.You should keep me informed of the news.使役動(dòng)詞就是意義為“使have 四個(gè)，常見用