英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)Unit 1 Science and Scientists詞匯語法等 學(xué)案

1、人教版(2019版)高中英語選擇性必修第二冊(cè)第一單元學(xué)案【詞匯語法等】UNIT ONE1. have/develop cholera klr: 染上霍亂2.severe sv(r):adj. 極為惡劣的; 十分嚴(yán)重的; 嚴(yán)厲的severely: adv.嚴(yán)重地; 嚴(yán)厲地; 嚴(yán)格地; 苛刻地serious srs: adj. 嚴(yán)重的; 危險(xiǎn)的; 嚴(yán)肅的; 認(rèn)真的; 重要的seriously: adv. 嚴(yán)重地; 嚴(yán)肅/認(rèn)真地; 非常be serious about: 對(duì)認(rèn)真strict strkt: adj. 嚴(yán)格的; 嚴(yán)厲的be strict with sb: 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格be strict i

2、n sth: 對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格3.diarrhoea/ diarrheadar:n.腹瀉 (the runs: 腹瀉)have/getdiarrhoea/the runs: 腹瀉; 拉肚子4. frustratedfrstretd: adj. 懊惱的; 沮喪的; 失意的frustrating: adj.令人焦慮不安的;令人沮喪的annoyed: adj. 生氣的; 惱怒的; 煩悶的bored bd：adj. 厭倦的; 厭煩的; 煩悶的; 不感興趣的upset pset: adj. 不高興的; 失望的; 心煩意亂的; 不安的; 沮喪的5. once and for all: 最終地; 徹底地compl

3、etely：adv. 完全地; 徹底地entirely: adv. 全部地; 完整地; 完全地6. infection nfekn: n. 感染;傳染infect nfekt : v. 感染;傳染7. germ dm: n 微生物; 細(xì)菌; 病菌virus vars : n. 病毒; 病毒性疾病; 毒素bacterium bktrm: n. 細(xì)菌 (復(fù)數(shù): bacteria bktri)versus vss: prep.與相對(duì)/對(duì)陣/相比8. subscribe sbskrab:v.認(rèn)購(股份); 定期訂購; 定期繳納(會(huì)費(fèi))subscribe for.: 認(rèn)購(股份)subscribe to

4、.: 定期訂購/繳納/捐款; 贊助order: v. 點(diǎn)餐; 叫菜; 訂購; 訂貨book/reserve: 預(yù)定/預(yù)約(座位/席位/房間/票等)9. subscribe to.: 同意; 贊同agree to do: 同意做 agree to sth: 同意什么agree with sb/what: 同意 agree on/upon: 對(duì)達(dá)成一致10. proof pruf: n.證據(jù); 證明; 檢驗(yàn) (可數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞) (復(fù)數(shù): proofs) (roof - roofs chief - chiefs)evidence evdns: n. 證據(jù); 證物; 證詞 (不可數(shù)名詞)11.

5、 multiple mltpl: adj. 數(shù)量多的; 多種多樣的various vers：adj. 不同的; 各種各樣的differentdfrnt: adj. 不同的diverse davs: adj. 不同的; 多種多樣的all kinds/sorts of .: 各種各樣12. household hashld:n.一家人; 家庭; 同住一套(所)房子的人familyfml：n. 家庭; 家族We are family. 我們是一家人。13. suspect sspekt: v. 懷疑; 疑有; 不信任; 認(rèn)為 sspekt: n. 犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑對(duì)象doubt dat: v. 懷

6、疑; 不相信; 不信任14. blame blem: v. 把歸咎于.; 責(zé)怪; 指責(zé) n. 責(zé)備; 指責(zé)scold skld: v. 責(zé)備; 責(zé)罵; 訓(xùn)斥blame sb for: 因責(zé)備be to blame for (不好的事): 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)任be responsible for: 對(duì).負(fù)責(zé) 【對(duì)人/對(duì)事(含不好的事)】only have oneself to blame: 只能怪自己; 是自己的錯(cuò)pin the blame on.: 向.甩鍋take/get the blame for.: 為.背鍋lay/put the blame for sth on sb: 把某事歸咎于某人15. h

7、andle hndl:n. 把手; 拉手; 柄v. 處理; 搬動(dòng); 操縱(車輛/動(dòng)物/工具等)run operate work: v. 操作tackle: v. 應(yīng)付; 解決; 處理do with.: 處理 deal with.: 處理; 解決16. intervention ntvenn: n.介入; 出面; 干涉intervene ntvin: v. 介入; 出面; 干涉17. linklk: n.聯(lián)系; 紐帶; 鏈接 v. 把.連接起來; 相關(guān)聯(lián)link. to/with/and .: 把.連接/聯(lián)系起來join . to.: 把和連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來18. rawr: adj.未煮的; 生的

8、; 未經(jīng)處理的; 原始的roar r: v. / n. 吼叫;咆哮raw material: 原材料get a raw deal: 受到不公正的對(duì)待; 得到不公平的待遇19. pure pj(r):adj. 干凈的; 純的; 純粹的a bottle of pure water: 一瓶純凈水20. substantial sbstnl: adj.大量的; 價(jià)值巨大的; 重大的substance sbstns : n. 物質(zhì);材料21. decrease dkris: v. 減少; 減小; 降低dikris: n. 減少; 降低: 減少量reduce: v. 減少 fall: v. 減少;下降;

9、減小 drop: v. 降低; 減少increase: v. 增加 rise: v. 上升; 增長(zhǎng)【by: 表示增減的幅度。to: 增減到】22. thanks to.: 幸虧; 由于; 因?yàn)?狀)owing to. : 由于; 因?yàn)?狀) due to: 由于; 因?yàn)?表、狀)as a result of.: 由于; 因?yàn)?狀) because of what/名詞：因?yàn)?狀)because/since/as/for + 陳述句：由于; 因?yàn)間iven that + 陳述句: 鑒于; 考慮到23. statistic sttstk: n. (復(fù)數(shù))統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字; 統(tǒng)計(jì)資料; 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)number

10、nmb(r): n. 數(shù)字; 數(shù)量; 編號(hào)figure f(r): n. 數(shù)字; 身材numerous njumrs: adj. 無數(shù)的; 很多的24. transform trnsfm: v. 使改觀; 使改變形態(tài); 改變; 轉(zhuǎn)變change: v. 變化; 改變; 更換; 替換exchange: v. 交換; 互換; 交流; 掉換exchange/change/swapfor: 用換transform/change into：把.變成.25. epidemiology epdimildi:n. 流行病學(xué)medicine medsn: n. 藥; 醫(yī)學(xué)illness - sickness -

11、 disease26. microscope makrskp: n. 顯微鏡binoculars bnkjlz: n. 雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡telescope telskp: n. 望遠(yuǎn)鏡glasses: 眼鏡27. thinkingk: n. 思想; 思維; 見解thought: n. 想法; 看法; 主意; 記憶; 思想; 思考; 思維think: v.認(rèn)為; 思考; 思索; 思想think - thought - thought28. protein prtin: n. 蛋白質(zhì)nutritional: adj. 營養(yǎng)(物)的nutritious : adj. 有營養(yǎng)的; 營養(yǎng)豐富的nutritio

12、n: n. 營養(yǎng); 滋養(yǎng)29. cellsel: n. 細(xì)胞; 小房間; 單間牢房cellphone: n. 手機(jī)prison: n. 監(jiān)獄room: n. 房間30. finding fand: n.發(fā)現(xiàn); 調(diào)查結(jié)果; (法律)判決discover: v. - discovery：n. (發(fā)現(xiàn))31. initial nl: adj. 最初的; 開始的; 第一的 (用于名詞前)initially: adv. 開始; 最初32. vaccine vksin: n. 疫苗take a vaccine (against.): 接種/注射疫苗take/get/receive/accept/refus

13、e a COVID-19 vaccine: 接種/拒絕新冠疫苗33. theoretical framework: 理論框架theory r: n. 理論; 學(xué)說34. solid sld: adj.可靠的; 固體的; 堅(jiān)實(shí)的n. 固體solid(固體) - liquid(液體) - gas(氣體)35. castkst:v.投射; 投擲; 向.投以(視線/笑容等)cast - cast - castcost - cost - cost: 花費(fèi)/值(多少錢)throw - threw - thrown: 投擲; 拋; 丟36. shadowd: n. 陰影; 影子; 背光處shade: n.

14、陰涼處; (畫的)陰暗部分cast a shadow on.: 在某處投下/留下影子; 給.蒙上陰影37. pour p(r): v.倒出; 傾瀉; 斟(飲料)pour down: 傾盆而下: 下大雨rain hard/heavily/cats and dogs: 下大雨38. concretekkrit: n.混凝土adj. 混凝土制的; 確實(shí)的; 具體的concrete evidence/proposals: 確鑿的證據(jù)/具體的建議39. plasma plzm: n. 血漿blood bld: n. 血; 血統(tǒng)bleed blid: v. 流血; 失血(bled)40. aerospac

15、e erspes: n. 航空航天工業(yè)aero- : 空氣的; 空中的; 飛行器的aeroplane/airplane/plane: n.飛機(jī)THE FATHER OF CHINAS AEROSPACE41. mechanical mknkl:adj. 機(jī)械的; 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的; 機(jī)器的machine min: n. 機(jī)器;機(jī)械; 機(jī)械般的人engine endn: n. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī); 引擎; 火車頭42. mechanic mknk: n.機(jī)械師; 機(jī)械修理工engineer ,endn: 工程師; 設(shè)計(jì)師; 機(jī)修工repair: v. 修理 (repaired)fix: v. 修理 (fixed)m

16、end: v. 修理 (mended)43. aviationevien:n.航空制造業(yè); 航空; 飛行fly (flew, flown): v.飛;飛行; 駕駛; 操作; 飄揚(yáng); 放(風(fēng)箏)flight flat: n. 飛行; 航行; 航程; 航班44. defend dfend:v.保衛(wèi); 防守; 辯解defence/defense: n. 防御; 國防45. in charge of.: 主管; 掌管be in charge of: 主管; 掌管be in the charge of: 由主管; 掌管take charge of: 主管; 掌管46. leadership lidp:

17、n. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo); 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位; 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能lead (led) lid： v. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo); 率領(lǐng); 帶領(lǐng)leader lid：n. 領(lǐng)袖; 領(lǐng)導(dǎo); 首領(lǐng)under the leadership of.= under ones leadership: 在.的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下with the help of. = with ones help: 在.的幫助下47. trace tres: v.追溯; 追蹤; 查出n. 痕跡; 遺跡; 蹤跡track trk：n. 足跡; 蹤跡; 軌道; 鐵路; 小路; 跑道 v. 追蹤; 跟蹤 trace sth (back) to.: 追溯什么到.date back to/from.

18、: 始于; 追溯到go back to.: 追溯到48. outstanding atstnd: adj. 優(yōu)秀的; 杰出的; 明顯的excellent ekslnt：adj. 優(yōu)秀的; 好極了striking: adj. 顯著的; 引人注目的brilliant brlint: adj. 杰出的; 很好的;明亮的; 很成功的stand out: 突出; 顯眼; 出色49. gifted ftd: adj.有天賦的; 有天才的; 天資聰穎的giftft：n. 禮物; 天賦have a gift for: 對(duì)有天賦be gifted with.: 具有(令人愉快的東西)50. come/go do

19、wn with.: 患(病); 染上(小病)suffer from.: 患(病)develop: v. 患(病)illness/sickness/disease: n. 病; 疾病51. abstractbstrkt:adj. 抽象的; 理性的 n. (文獻(xiàn)等的)摘要digest dadest: vt./vi. 消化; 領(lǐng)會(huì); 領(lǐng)悟 dadest: n. 摘要; 文摘 extract ekstrkt : n. 提取物; 摘錄 kstrkt: vt. 提取; 提煉; 摘錄; (用力)拔出52. steady stedi: adj.穩(wěn)定的; 平穩(wěn)的; 穩(wěn)步的steadily: adv. 穩(wěn)定地;

20、堅(jiān)定地; 堅(jiān)固地; 不斷地a steady job/income: 穩(wěn)定的工作/收入a steady boyfriend/girlfriend: 關(guān)系穩(wěn)定的男朋友/女朋友a(bǔ) steady relationship: 穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系Ready, steady, go! = Ready, set, go ! (賽跑口令)各就各位，預(yù)備，跑！53. conceptknsept:n. 概念; 觀念New Concept English: 新概念英語54. besides bsadz: prep. 除之外(還)adv. 而且; 此外besidebsad：prep. 在旁/附近Whats more. 而且Wh

21、ats worse. 更糟的是in addition: 而且; 此外besides: 除了. (還) 【包含。常和other, else, more連用】but /except/except for: 除了【不包含。常和all, every, no- 連用】apart/aside from: 除了 (包含, 不包含)other than: 除了 (包含, 不包含)(不包含常與no,not,never, nothing,hardly等連用)1)Besides cancer, smoking can lead to other diseases.2)What other language does

22、 the girl speak besides English?3)Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.4)She can answer all the questions except (for) /but the third one.55. brilliantbrljnt: adj.聰穎的; 絕妙的; 明亮的brilliantly: adv. 光彩奪目地; 出色地; 精彩地; 高明地bright: adj. 明亮的; 發(fā)亮的clever: adj. 聰明的; 熟練的; 靈巧的bright:

23、 adj. 聰明的 (通常指年輕人或小孩)smart: adj. 聰穎的; 機(jī)靈的wise: adj. 明智的; 英明的; 充滿智慧的intelligent: adj. 有才智的; 聰明的56. furthermorefm(r):adv. 此外; 再者moreover mrv(r): adv. 而且;此外 what is more besides in addition furthermore57. above all: 最重要的是; 尤其是 all in all: 總而言之 after all: 畢竟 in all/total:總共 first of all:首先 last of all:最

24、后 at all:根本; 完全 not at all：沒關(guān)系; 一點(diǎn)也不58. fault flt: n.弱點(diǎn); 過錯(cuò)falsefls：錯(cuò)誤的; 人造的; 假的; 不真誠的find fault with.: 找.岔子; 挑剔It is ones fault that.: .是某人的過錯(cuò)。It is ones fault for.: .是某人的過錯(cuò)。error er: n. 錯(cuò)誤; 謬誤 (可指任何錯(cuò)誤, ?？膳c mistake 換用)shortcoming: n. 缺點(diǎn); 短處59. shift ft: n. 改變; 轉(zhuǎn)換; 輪班v. 轉(zhuǎn)移; 挪動(dòng); 轉(zhuǎn)向be on the day/night

25、 shift (at.): (在某單位)上白班/夜班60. vivid vvd: adj. 生動(dòng)的; 鮮明的; 豐富的vividly: adv. 生動(dòng)地lively: adj. 生動(dòng)的; 逼真的(普通用詞，指形象、描述等生動(dòng)而逼真的，可與 vivid 換用)61. Cambridge kembrd: 劍橋(英國城市)at Cambridge: 在劍橋大學(xué) in Cambridge: 在劍橋城62. in the (early/late) 19th century: 在19世紀(jì)(初/末)in 1990: 在1990年in the (early/late)1990s/1990s:在20世紀(jì)90年代

26、(初/末)in the mid-1990s/1990s:在20世紀(jì)90年代中期in the (early/late) 1900s:在20世紀(jì)(初/末)63. die of: 因而死 die from: 因而死die for: 為而死64. Last Thursday a strong earthquake hit/struck Japan.65. rise to do.: 發(fā)跡; 地位提高; 變得更成功/強(qiáng)大/重要In time, he rose to become a famous doctor. 66. attend to.: 處理; 對(duì)付; 接待; 照料; 專心于attend on/up

27、on sb.: 照料attend (to) sb: 照料take (good) care of.: 照料(好)look after.: 照料attend school: 上學(xué); 讀書attend Harvard University: 上哈佛大學(xué) 67. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.68. Whats more. 而且; 另外; 更重要的是Whats worse. 更糟的是69. a household name: 家喻戶曉的名字70. have a/no side effect: 有/無副作用71. have +

28、賓語 + 過去分詞: 叫/讓/請(qǐng)某人做什么have + sb. + do .: 叫/讓/使某人做什么 (強(qiáng)調(diào)一次性動(dòng)作)have + sb + doing.: 叫/讓/使某人一直/不停/反復(fù)地做什么1)Accordingly, John Snow had the handle of the water pump removed so that it could not be used.2)I had Mary and Betty clean my office yesterday.3)Dont have the baby crying in bed all the time. 4)We alw

29、ays have the fire burning day and night in the winter.5)We will have much homework to do at the weekend.72. stop . in ones tracks: 突然停止/止步Covid-19 was stopped in its tracks with the help of millions of doctors and nurses.73. see: v. 經(jīng)歷; 有什么的發(fā)生; 為發(fā)生的時(shí)間/地點(diǎn) (常常時(shí)間或者地方作主語)1)Through his tireless efforts,

30、the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.2)This year has seen a big decrease/rise in the global economy.3)The year 1949 saw the end of the old government.4)The past 43 years have seen the greatest changes in Chinese history5)The Birds Nest saw a lot of exciting games last ye

31、ar.74. in the first/second place: 起初; 開始; 第一; 首先75. get down to (doing)sth: 開始做.76. a graduate student: 研究生77. have an/no impact/effect/influence on/upon.: 對(duì).有/無影響78. in/during/over the course of: 在的過程中79. do/make/conduct research/researches (in/into/on): 做()研究(an) expert at/in/on: 方面的專家/高手80.receiv

32、e a heros welcome (from.): 受到英雄般的歡迎81. in this field/area: 在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域82. discourage sb from doing.: 阻止/阻礙某人做什么prevent/stop(from) doing.：防止/阻止做prevent/stop/keepfrom being done： 防止被keepfrom doing.： 防止/阻止做83. when + 過去分詞： 當(dāng)被什么的時(shí)候when doing.: 當(dāng)做什么的時(shí)候when to do.: 什么時(shí)候做什么1)When taken according to the direction

33、s, the drug has no side effect.2)When crossing the road, you cant be careful enough.3)I dont know when to build the international airport.84. the sense of wonder and awe: 好奇和敬畏感85. think aloud = think out loud: 自言自語86. get a better understanding of.: 更好地了解.87. the same. as.: 與.一樣 (表示同一類, 即相同的另外的物。定語

34、從句為省略結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要用as; the same后無名詞時(shí)要用as)the same. that.: (表示同一, 即原人/原物)1)He lives in the same village as his uncle and aunt. (沒有定語從句)2)Your answer is the same as hers. (沒有定語從句)3)They have made the same mistake as last time. (沒有定語從句) 4)They have made the same mistake that they madelast time. 5)She is wearing

35、 the same sweater as I lost last winter.6)She is wearing the same sweater that I lost last winter. 7)This is the (same) monkey that I saw in the forest20 minutes ago.8)This is the (same) girl that we met in the forest 20minutes ago.88. think outside the box: 跳出框框思考/想問題;另辟蹊徑read between the lines: 領(lǐng)悟

36、隱含意義; 看出言外之意89. 本單元語法: 表語從句表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 連詞 +陳述句 表語從句 可以接表語從句的系動(dòng)詞有:be, look, sound, seem, appear, feel, smell,taste等。主句 be(.) that + 陳述句主句 be(.) whether + 陳述句主句 be(.) 特殊疑問詞 + 陳述句This/That/It is/was because句子: 這/那是因?yàn)?This/That/It is/was why句子: 那/這就是的原因; 那/這就是為什么.;所以; 因此表語從句不缺意思, 連詞用that (通常不可以省去); 表語從句表示 “是否”, 連詞用whether,不可用if。下列結(jié)構(gòu)的后句也是表語從句:It seems that/as if + 陳述句.It/Sb sounds as if + 陳述句. I