動(dòng)名詞的用法PPT通用課件

1、Module OneModule One語法點(diǎn)的講練語法點(diǎn)的講練動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞Grammar3 什么是非謂 語動(dòng)詞?。?“非謂語非謂語”,就是不是謂語的動(dòng)詞唄!那不是謂語是什么呢？。謂語謂語：說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和：說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didnt go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students.

2、 You look smart.單謂語或動(dòng)詞單謂語或動(dòng)詞短語短語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助助動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+ v.系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語表語概念：概念： 非謂語動(dòng)詞：非謂語動(dòng)詞： 是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分.leavingleft非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞的定義動(dòng)名詞的定義它是一種兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式?；拘问剿且环N兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式?；拘问綖闉?v-ing, 動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以做主語、動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以做主語

3、、表語、賓語、定語等。動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化表語、賓語、定語等。動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本形式動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本形式：（以：（以write為例）為例） 時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)語態(tài)語態(tài)一般時(shí)一般時(shí)完成時(shí)完成時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)writing having written 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)being written having been written 注意：動(dòng)名詞的否定形式是：注意：動(dòng)名詞的否定形式是：not writing/not having writtenV-ing形式的構(gòu)成方式：形式的構(gòu)成方式：1.在一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加詞尾在一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加詞尾

4、 ing。 eg. go going; do doing; ask asking; read - reading study studying; carry carrying; fly flying; worry worrying; 2.在以不發(fā)音的在以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后，去掉結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后，去掉e，再加，再加- ing。 eg. come coming live living dance dancing make making 3.在閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞后、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)動(dòng)在閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞后、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，而末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，將這個(gè)輔音字母雙寫（詞，而末

5、尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，將這個(gè)輔音字母雙寫（x除除外），然后再加外），然后再加 ing. sit sitting; run running; begin beginning; forget forgetting 4.在少數(shù)幾個(gè)以在少數(shù)幾個(gè)以 ie 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后：須將結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后：須將ie 變作變作y，再加，再加- ing。(這些動(dòng)詞詞典一般均注明這些動(dòng)詞詞典一般均注明) eg. die dying; tie tying lie lying 性質(zhì)性質(zhì) 主語主語 表語表語 賓語賓語 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 定語定語 狀語狀語動(dòng)名動(dòng)名詞詞n.動(dòng)名詞能在句中充當(dāng)什么成分？動(dòng)名詞能在句中充當(dāng)什么成分？動(dòng)名詞的

6、基本用法動(dòng)名詞的基本用法用作主語用作主語所表動(dòng)作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。所表動(dòng)作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指）（泛指） /To play with fire in this room is very fangerous.(表具體一次動(dòng)作）表具體一次動(dòng)作） Climbing mountains is really fun. 注意：注意：動(dòng)名詞做主語，有時(shí)先用動(dòng)名詞做主語，有時(shí)先用it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。 1)It is no

7、use/ good / useless + doing2)It is a waste of time+doing 3)It is fun+doing 在以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語。在以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語。Its no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水難收）覆水難收）There is no joking about the matter. It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。和孩子們一起玩真好。 2. 用作賓語用作賓語1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語）作動(dòng)詞的賓語 某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能某些

8、動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動(dòng)有：用不定式。常見的此類動(dòng)有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy,appreciate,dislike, finish, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, suggest, . give up, cannot help depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, ins

9、ist on, cant stand, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如：等。如： 1.The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 2.It is better for you to practise speaking English every day.I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海灘上在海灘上走真是樂事。走真是樂事。 為了便于記憶

10、，特歸納如下：為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：后跟后跟-ing的動(dòng)詞的順口溜：的動(dòng)詞的順口溜：避免，錯(cuò)過，（少）延期避免，錯(cuò)過，（少）延期建議，完成，（多）練習(xí)建議，完成，（多）練習(xí)喜歡，想象，禁不住喜歡，想象，禁不住承認(rèn)，否定，（又）妒忌承認(rèn)，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒險(xiǎn)，（多）原諒逃避，冒險(xiǎn)，（多）原諒忍受，保持，（不）介意忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid, miss, postpone/put offsuggest, finish, practiceenjoy, imagine, cant helpadmit, deny, envyescape, risk, excusestand, keep,

11、 mind2）作介詞的賓語）作介詞的賓語 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。Shall we have a rest or get down to _(do) our work? 我們休息呢還是開始干活？我們休息呢還是開始干活？ Despite they lack money, his parents sent him to a good university. He was late again because of _(get)up late. Lo

12、ck the doors and windows before go out. What/How about the two of us_(play) games？doinglackinggettinggoingplaying注意：注意：to 在下列短語中是介詞，常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。在下列短語中是介詞，常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 be/get used to look forward to get down to pay attention to devote oneself to lead to contribute to object to（反對(duì)）（反對(duì)） turn to see to stick

13、toEg :1. Lets get down to preparing for the exam.2.Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isnt of much help when it comes to shop and eat.shoppingeating 動(dòng)名詞用在下列詞組后作賓語：動(dòng)名詞用在下列詞組后作賓語：give up, cant help, feel like, be worth, be busy, set about, put off, think of，insist on等等

14、1.She cant help crying at the sad sight.試比較：試比較：I am so busy and I cant help clean the room now. 2.Do you feel like having a break?試比較：試比較：I would like to have a cup of tea now.既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式的常用動(dòng)詞有：既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式的常用動(dòng)詞有：1)意思相同的動(dòng)詞：意思相同的動(dòng)詞： like hate begin start continue intend prefer loveEg It continued r

15、aining/to rain hard .2)意思發(fā)生變化的有：意思發(fā)生變化的有：1.remember/forget/regretto do動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生doing 動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生2. try to do 設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力doing 試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）3. mean to do 打算做（主語一般是人）打算做（主語一般是人）doing 意味著（主語一般是物）意味著（主語一般是物）4. stop/go on to do停下去做另外一件事停下去做另外一件事doing 停止做手頭的事情停止做手頭的事情 He tried_( stan

16、d) up but failed.Lets try_(tell) him about the sad news.2.I regret _(tell) you that I cannot come.I really regret_(miss) his lecture.3. I meant_(buy) some bread,but I forgot.Wasting time means_(kill) life.4. I forgot _(wake) him up this morning.He forgot _(turn) the light off and went back to have a

17、 check.5. Shall we go on _(discuss) the next question of insurance? After a short rest, he went on _(write) the same letter.6. Please remember_(give) my best regards to your family.to standtellingto tellmissing/having missedto buykillingto waketurning/having turnedto discusswriting5.） need, require,

18、 want作作“需要需要”解解時(shí)時(shí), 后接動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語形式作賓語, 主動(dòng)形主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義式表示被動(dòng)意義, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于to be done。如：如： The radio needs / requires / wants repairing / to be repaired. 另外：另外：deserve doing=to be doneEg: 1.Such a trouble maker deserves to be punished/punishing. .2 Whoever has done such a thing deserves to be fired from

19、 our club sooner or later. 3.動(dòng)名詞做表語：解釋前面的名詞動(dòng)名詞做表語：解釋前面的名詞1.Your task is cleaning the windows.=Cleaning the windows is your task.2. What I hate most is being laughted at.3.Her first delight was going to the Tower.4.動(dòng)名詞做定語：動(dòng)名詞做定語：a walking stick= a stick which is used for walkingA washing machine=a ma

20、chine for washingA reading room= a room .）動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Would you mind _（我開窗戶嗎）？（我開窗戶嗎）？Would you mind my / me opening the window?my/ me 稱為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語稱為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語I cant understand Jack /Jacks leaving his wife.I cant understand his/him leaving his wife.Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelieva

21、ble.動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的幾個(gè)注意事項(xiàng)動(dòng)名詞的幾個(gè)注意事項(xiàng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè) 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來表示 這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語 ，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語1).形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞 / 名詞所有格名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作主語在句中作主語/賓語賓語: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper? Their coming t

22、o help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞名詞 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作賓語在句中作賓語: Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking.2. 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式:being doneThe of

23、ficers narrowly escaped _(kill) in the hot battle.3. 動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：not doing not having doneYou will be punished for not finishing your homework on time.being killed1.The news that our team had been defeated was disappointed.2.Lucy doesnt mind to lend you her MP3.3.After take his measure, they d

24、ecided to give him the position.4.I still remember taken to Shanghai when I was a child.disappointingdisappointinglendinglendingtakingtakingbeingbeingCorrect the mistakes in each sentence.Correct the mistakes in each sentence.5.I am not used to be spoken to like that.6.We would appreciate to hear from you soon.7.People sometimes cant help to buysomething they wont need.8.I can hardly imagine Peter sails across the river.9.Tony was very unhappy