(完整版)初中語法訓(xùn)練之名詞(含練習(xí)題及答案)

1、初中語法之名詞掌握要點(diǎn)：名詞的分類（專有名詞和普通名詞）名詞的數(shù)1）區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，區(qū)分方法2）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化，分為規(guī)則變化及不規(guī)則變化名詞所有格含義、構(gòu)成兩種形式： s 所有格及of 所有格知識點(diǎn)：一、名詞的分類1 .專有名詞：名字（人名、地名、書名、機(jī)構(gòu)名）、與國家有關(guān)的（國家、國民、語言）、日期（節(jié)日、星期、月份）例句： My name is Lucy . I am a Chinese . I will go to the Great Wall on Monday .2 .普通名詞: 包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示個體的人或事物例 : sister、 table、 b

2、ike、 window可數(shù)名詞集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物例 : family 、 police、 class、 group物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料例 : water、 air、 wood不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等例 : danger、 interest區(qū)分方法：將物體分成兩半，如果每半不能叫原名，則為可數(shù)名詞，如果還可叫原名，則為不可數(shù)名詞。注：有些單詞意義發(fā)生變化，單復(fù)數(shù)也發(fā)生變化，例：glass作玻璃杯時可數(shù)，作玻璃時不可數(shù)。身兼二職的名詞對照表glassfishchickentime可數(shù)玻璃杯魚類小雞次、倍不可數(shù)玻璃魚肉雞肉時間orangelightpape

3、rhair可數(shù)橘子電燈報紙 /試卷（幾根）頭發(fā)不可數(shù)橘汁光紙頭發(fā)exerciseidealifework可數(shù)練習(xí)題主意 /意見生命著作不可數(shù)鍛煉了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可數(shù)火雞收音機(jī)青年人經(jīng)歷不可數(shù)火雞肉無線電年輕、青春經(jīng)驗(yàn)interestroom可數(shù)愛好房間不可數(shù)興趣空間二、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式（1） 規(guī)則變化：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成，通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加-s 或 -es1、 一般情況在詞尾直接加s , 例bags。2、 以 s、 x、 sh、 ch 結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例bus-buses box-boxes。3、 以 “輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，y 變成 i 加

4、 -es 例 city-cities ；以 “元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，直接加s。4、 以o 結(jié)尾的除potato（馬鈴薯）、tomato（西紅柿）、hero（英雄）加es，其余直接加s。5、 以f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f 或 fe 為 v 加 es, roof 、 proof 直接加-s，例 life-lives wife-wives roof roofs。（2）不規(guī)則變化1 、 單 詞 拼 寫 發(fā) 生 變 化 man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-children2、

5、某國人變復(fù)數(shù)，口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面（3）不可數(shù)名詞一般只用單數(shù)，它不能與例： a cup of coffee（ 一杯咖啡）a/an 及數(shù)次搭配使用。表示數(shù)量時用量詞搭配。two glasses of milk（ 兩杯牛奶）three pieces of paper（三張紙）four bottles of water（ 四杯水 ）例： an Englishman-Englishmen an American-Americans3、單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同常用分以下幾類：表示動物的名詞deer 鹿， fish 魚，sheep 綿羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹表示人的名詞Chinese 中

6、國人，Japanese 日本人，Swiss 瑞士人，kin 親屬craft 及由-craft 構(gòu)成的名詞craft 飛機(jī)，aircraft 飛機(jī)，spacecraft 太空船表示數(shù)量的名詞Hundred 百， thousand 千， million 百萬，dozen 一打，score二十其他series 系列；species 種類；means 方法三、名詞所有格含義： 名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系。表示形式：一種是 s 所有格，一種是of 所有格Beijing is China s ca Bpietaijiln.=g is the captital of China.This is Tom

7、 s b=i kTeh is is the bike of Tom.Lily is the key s owner.= Lily is the oowf tnheer key.1、 s 所有格構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞及不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只需在詞尾加 s ， 如Lucy s pen路西的鋼筆Children sDay（兒童節(jié)）；以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加 , 如 the students b學(xué)生們的書。ooks2、幾個人共有的東西，只需在最后一個人的名詞后加s , 如 Lucy and Lily s bedr露西和莉莉的臥室oom（）。表示各自所有，則每個名詞都加 s , 如Lucy s and Li

8、ly s de露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子 sks（）。典型例題講解1. They got much from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories解析 : much 是用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的, A B D 三個選項(xiàng)均是可是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式, C 項(xiàng)為不可數(shù)名詞, 因此選 C.2. I have two and three bottles of here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges解析 : orange 有兩種含義,

9、一種可數(shù)名詞橘子, 另一種是不可數(shù)名詞橘汁, 此題第一空應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞, 第二空填不可數(shù)名詞, 因此選C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a to his home .A. 25 minutes walkB. 25 minute s walkC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk解析 : 句中的 minute 應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式,只 + ,而不能+s,因此選A。4. An old wants to see you.A. people B. person C. the people D. the person解析 : pers

10、on 與 people 都有”人”的意思 , 但用法不同. “一個人”用 “ a person” ,“兩個人”用 “ two persons” ; people 泛指 “人們” 是集合名詞,表示復(fù)數(shù), the people 指 “人民” , a people指 “一個民族”. 應(yīng)選B。5. Help yourself to .A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples解析 : chicken 可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞,用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉,根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉;apple

11、 為可數(shù)名詞故應(yīng) +s, 因此選D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two .A. room s number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers解析 : room number 房間號碼. room 可直接用作定語修飾后面的名詞. 類似的還有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等 . 應(yīng)選 C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second A. familyB. house C.

12、home D. room解析 : family 指的是家庭或是家庭成員; house指的是房子（住所）; room 指的是房間;而home 指的是家, 因此選 C.8. mothers couldnA. Mary and Peter sC. Mary s and Petert go to the mbeeectainugs,e they have gone to Shanghai .8. Mary and PeterD. Mary s and Peter s解析 : 此句中 “ mothers”是復(fù)數(shù),表示兩個人各自的母親,因此應(yīng)選D。9. Li Lei has been to many ti

13、mes this month.A. her uncl e B. her uncle s C. her unclesD. aunt s解析 : 此句意為 “李雷這個去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具體場所時, 可省去所有格后面的名詞因此選B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn t in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot experience解析 : experience 作 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)”講時是不可數(shù)名詞, 作 “經(jīng)歷” 講時是可數(shù)名詞. 本句中應(yīng)理解

14、為 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)”因此是不可數(shù)名詞,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此選 B。11. A classmate of was here ten minutes ago.A. youB. yourC. your sisterD. your sister s解析 : 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應(yīng)選D。12. A group of are talking with two .A. Frenchmen, GermansB. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen ,

15、 Frenchmen解析 : Frenchman 是復(fù)合詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為Frenchmen; German 的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾+S, 應(yīng)選 A.13. The team having a meeting .A. isB. areC. amD. be解析 : team 是一個集合名詞,即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義（指整個小組） , 也可指小組中的成員（表示復(fù)數(shù)）, 此題意為后者 , 因此選 B。 14. “ Would you like ?“ ” , please. ”A. drink, Three coffeesB. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffe

16、eD. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析 : drink 和 coffee 是不可數(shù)名詞, 可以用of 來表示數(shù)量, eg, three cups of coffee,當(dāng)前面加a 時 ,則表示 “一杯” 因此選C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by , but also the flesh and blood of men.A.earth and stone, millions ofC. the earth and stone, million of解析：earth 是不可數(shù)名詞，因此刪除因此選A。B. earths

17、and stones, millionsD. the earths and stones, millionsB D, 數(shù)以百萬的應(yīng)為millions of .名詞練習(xí)題1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teacher Bs. teacher Cs. teacher Ds . the teachers 2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the room s window C. the room of the windowD . the window of room3. How many_

18、 would you like?A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. He was praised for his _.A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave5. Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. woman

19、 s D. women s7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and now he lives in _.A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot o

20、f workB. much worksC. lots of homeworksD. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jack s room is furnished with _.A. new furnituresB. many new furnituresC. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furnitureA. today sB. Today sC. the today sD. your today s12. It s noatr ,f only _walk from here to our

21、school.A. a ten minutesB. ten minutesC. a ten minutes D. ten minutes 13. Last month, he wrote me _letter.A. a 1000-wordB. 1000 wordsC. a 1000-wordsD. 1000 words 14. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good nightB. a good-nightC. a good night s D. good -night s15. _is not a long way to drive.A. Three mile

22、s distance B. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance16. His isn t fit for the work. Please get me _.A. something elseB. somebody elseC. someone else s D. somebody s else 17. Do you know how large _ is?A. population of China B. Chinese populationC. China populationD. Chin

23、a s population18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box weightB. The box s weightC. The weight of the boxD. The box of the weight19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop?A. shoesB.shoeC. shoes D.shoe s20. What _ weather we re having these days!A. niceB.a niceC. a badD. worse21. The

24、y say that the meeting will be _.A. of very importantB. great importanceC. of great importance D. great important22. I m going to call at _ this evening.A. Mr BlackB. the BlacksC. Mr Black sD. Blacks 23. What Darwin said was an attack on people s religious _A. beliefB.beliefsC. beliefsD.believs24. T

25、here are some _waiting for you outside.A. GermanB.AmericanC. grown-upD.Japanese25. Their factory has developed a kind of _ to help people walk.A. machineB. machinesC. a machineD. the machine26. There re many _ in my brother s album.A. leafsB. toysC. booksD. stamps27. Yesterday I went to the super ma

26、rket and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoesB.potatosC. vegetableD.meats28. Upon hearing what I said, his _ rose.A. angerB.angryC. angrilyD.angriness29. Excuse me, can you change this _ for me?A. five-pound noteB.five pounds noteC. five-pound notesD.five pounds notes30. You have to make _ for your journeyA. preparingB.preparationC. a preparationD.preparations31. While washing up, she broke a _.A. glass wineB.wine glassC. glass of wineD.wine of glass32. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. fall B. reality C. practice D. deed33. H