牛津譯林八年級下冊8BUnit6知識梳理

1、牛津譯林八年級下冊 8BUnit6知識梳理牛津譯林八年級下冊 8BUnit6知識梳理知識點一 Comic-Reading部分單詞短語講解【知識梳理】知識點 1:I' ntraining to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games.(P78)我正在訓(xùn)練成為奧林匹克運動會的志愿者。(1) trainvt.& vi.訓(xùn)練，鍛煉，培養(yǎng);第三人稱單數(shù)：trains 過去式：trained 過去分詞：trained 現(xiàn)在進行時：trainingtrain to be =train 感訓(xùn)練成 .如： His mother wants to train hi

2、s son to be a astronaut.【詞匯拓展】n. training 練習(xí)；鍛煉。如： Every morning he spent two hours training for the race.n.火車；列車。復(fù)數(shù)：trains;如:I almost missed my train.by train坐火車on a train 在火車上take a /the train to some place 乘坐火車去 地方 volunteern.志愿者，志愿兵；復(fù)數(shù)：volunteers如：The volunteers for Olympics are all helpful.vt.&

3、amp;vi.自愿去做；當(dāng)志愿兵；志愿提供第三人稱單數(shù)：volunteers 過去式： volunteered 過去分詞： volunteered 現(xiàn)在進行時：volunteeringvolunteer to do sth 志愿做 volunteer for sth 志愿一如： They volunteered to offer service during Olympic games.volunteer/voluntary adj. 自愿的，志愿的；如：Last Sunday, my classmates and I went to the park for collecting waste

4、, we all do the volunteer /voluntary cleaners.知識點2： Will you support me, Eddie? (P78)你能支持我嗎，愛迪？supportvt.支持；幫助；支撐；維持；第三人稱單數(shù)：supports 過去式： supported 過去分詞： supported 現(xiàn)在進行時：supportingsupport to do sth. 支持做某事support for為做準(zhǔn)備如： He supports to do the work for me.Tom supported for the charity for a long tim

5、e.知識點 3: It ' meaningful to do something for the Olympics. (P78)為奧林匹克做些事是很有意義的。meaningful adj.有意義的;反義詞 meaningless如：It ' s a meaningful job to work here.【詞匯拓展】meann.復(fù)數(shù)： means 方式； 手段adj.吝嗇的 ;亥U薄的;(+about/over/with) 如： Her husband is very mean about money.v.意味著；打算；第三人稱單數(shù)：means 過去式： meant 過去分詞：

6、 meant 現(xiàn)在進行時： meaningmean doing sth.意味著做某事。如：Being a student means studying hard.Success means working hard.mean to do sth.打算或企圖做某事。如：What do you mean to do with it?We mean to call on you tomorrow.知識點 4 ： blind; deaf; disabled; elderly; homeless; poor (P79)(1)blind adj.瞎的常用短語：be blind to視而不見turn a b

7、lind ear to視而不見the blind瞎子，表 示一類人如：He is blind to something strange.The police have turned a blind eye to the matter.The blind are hopeful to get some money under the help of the charities.(2)deaf adj.聾的be deaf toK.充耳不聞turn a blind eye to .充耳不聞the deaf聾子，表示一類人如：He was deaf to my advice.She turned a

8、deaf ear to our warnings and got lost.The deaf has difficulty in hearing.(3)the+某些形容詞，表示一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)the deaf聾人 the blind 盲人 the dead 死者 the living 活著的人the young 年輕人 the old/ the elderly 老人 the strong 強者 the weak 弱者the poor 窮人 the rich 富人the sick 病人 the homeless知識點 5: Liu Ming did not know what to exp

9、ect when he volunteered for the SpecialOlympics World Summer Games in Shanghai, back in October 2007.(P80) 劉明并沒有想在2007年10月底的上海夏季殘奧會做志愿者工作中得到些什么。expectvt.&vi.期望;預(yù)料;第三人稱單數(shù)：expects 過去式： expected 過去分詞： expected 現(xiàn)在進行時：expecting常用短語：expect to do sth期盼做某事 expect sb to do sth期盼某人做某事常用句型：I expect so.我想會的

10、 expect that期盼如:I didn ' t expect to find you here.He expected her to go with him.I expect that I will be back on Sunday.I don ' t expect that he has done such a thing.批注：有時用于“Itis+過去分詞+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 預(yù)計”。如：It ' s expected that the war would end soon.It is expected that the report will suggest

11、 some major reforms.知識點 6: The Special Olympics World Summer Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chance to show their skills to the world. (P80)夏季殘奧會給有智障的孩子和成人向全世界展示他們技能的機會。(1) intellectualadj.智力的;有才智的;physical adj.體力的 mental adj.精神的n.知識分子；腦力勞動者；復(fù)數(shù)：intellectuals(2) disabi

12、lityn.無能;殘疾;復(fù)數(shù)：disabilities如： We have many areas of illness and disabilities.able, ability, unable, disabled 辨析able adj.能夠的 短語：be able to=can反義詞： unable如： He is able to pass the exam.ability n.能力如： His ability is stronger than mine.disabled adj.殘疾的如： We should give seats to the disabled people on th

13、e bus.(33) chancen.機會，機遇；偶然，運氣；復(fù)數(shù)：chancesThere is a chance to do sth. / for doing sth.有機會做某事by chance偶然的如:There is a chance to work here if you like.I met my old friend by chance in the street last week.知識點 7: They include events similar to those in the Olympics, such as basketball, football and swi

14、mming.(P80)他們包括很多與奧運會相似的項目，如籃球，足球和游泳。similar adj.相似的be similar to 與相似；如：My new dress is similar to the one you have.be similar in 在方面相似;如:They are similar in some way.批注：區(qū)另1J the same as(與相同)Your opinion is the same as mine.(2) those指示代詞包括：it, one, this, that;復(fù)數(shù)形式分別為them、ones、these those。it指代同一個；one

15、指代同一類；this指代較近的、下文要講到的和電話用法中的我；that指代較遠(yuǎn)的、上文提到的和電話用語中的你。如： These flowers are more beautiful than those in my garden.Look at that pen. This pen is smaller. It is also an old pen. So I want to buy a new one like that.Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?知識點 8: Over 40,000 people gave up their spa

16、re time for the 2007 Special Olympics WorldGames.(P80)超過4萬人放棄他們的業(yè)余時間去看2007年殘奧會。give up 放棄，常見短語 give up doing sth如:We shouldn' t give up easily when we have trouble.He gave up teaching only two years ago.give相關(guān)短語give up放棄give off發(fā)出，放出（蒸汽、氣味等）give out分發(fā)；用完，用盡give away送掉，泄露give back歸還，恢復(fù)give in投降，屈

17、服,讓步give way to讓路，讓步up相關(guān)短語stand up 起立get up起床pick up拾起，撿起 turn up調(diào)大音量 eat up吃光 set up建立，設(shè)立look up查找（資料），向上看put up舉起，抬起；張貼use up用光bring up 養(yǎng)育知識點 9: Then they provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success. (P81)然后他們給運動員提供支持,使得這次比賽取得很大的成功。 provideprovide sth for sb=provide

18、 sb with sth 給某人提供某物如：They provided some necessary support for people in need.=They provided people in need with some necessary support.(2) support n. /v. 支持如： With your support, we will win in the end.He supported his son all the time.(3) successsuccess n成功的人或事(可數(shù))；成功(不可數(shù))常見短語： without success 一無所成

19、 with success 成功地succeed v.成功常見短語：succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事successful adj.成功的常見短語：be successful in doing sth 在做某事方面成功successfully adv.成功地如：She was a success as an actress.They have huge success in their work.Failure is the mother of success.He succeeded in playing games.知識點 10: To Li Hai, the most

20、 important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part. (P81)對李海還說，最重要的事不是贏得金牌或是銀牌，而是重在參與。(1) not but不是而是，如： He came here not because of you but because of his brother.拓展：not only. but (also).不但而且.在句中常用來連接兩個對等的成分，also可以省略。如：He is learning not only English but (also) French.not only. but

21、 (also).用來連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)遵循就近原則“，即和but(also)后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。如：Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents are fond of watching football matches.Not only you but also he isjired of having one examination after another.(2) 辨析 take part in, join 和 join intake part in意為 參加，參與(某事物或某活動)“如：How many countries will

22、 take part in the World Cup?join意為 參加(某組織)，加入(某處任職)，參加到某個人群中去，從而成為其中一 員”。如：She joined a health club.join in和join in sth. / doing sth.意為 參加“，后面接的賓語一般是表示競賽、娛樂、游戲等活動的名詞或 V-ing。如： They all join in singing the song.知識點 11： He feels more confident now because of the Special Olympics World Games.(P81)由于殘奧會

23、他現(xiàn)在感覺更加有自信了。confident adj.自信的；常見短語：be confident of 確信,be confident that確信如： He is confident of the match.He is confident that he will win the first prize.【詞匯拓展】confidence n.自信 have the confidence to do sth 有信心做. 如：I am full of confidence.I have the confidence to win the match.(2)because of 與 because

24、because of后面直接跟一個名詞、代詞、動名詞或者短語，而because后面跟一個句子，是如:來回答why問題，或者解釋原因的。broken.He is late for class because of the broken clock.He is late for class because the clock is知識點 12 ： It's great for us to work closely with these special athletes. (P81)和這些特殊的運動員密切合作太棒了。closely adv.接近地；緊密地；嚴(yán)密地；親近地；比較級：more c

25、losely 最高級：most closely close 和 closely 辨析當(dāng)它們都作副詞用時，close是距離上的接近，而 closely是感情關(guān)系上的親近。close表示靠近”、緊緊地"，closely則表示 緊密地“、嚴(yán)密地"、密切地如：Come close, I want to tell you something important .The policeman followed the strange man closely .知識點13: donate（P84）捐獻donate vt.& vi.（尤指向慈善機構(gòu)）捐贈；獻（血）；捐（血）；捐獻（

26、器官）；第三人稱單數(shù)：donates 過去式：donated 過去分詞：donated 現(xiàn)在進行時：donating常用短語：donate money to向.捐錢如：I can donate one hundred dollars to people in need.【詞匯拓展】n. donation捐贈；捐獻;如 These are donations from the youth.批注：區(qū)別raise money for.為籌集資金如： These activities raise so much money for the poor children.知識點 14： But it &#

27、39;s impossible for them to do their work one-to-one without the help of volunteers.(P85)但是沒有志愿者的幫助他們是不可能做好他們的工作的。one-to-one 對的； 如： We have an one-to-one course.face-to-face 面對面的；如： We should have a face-to-face talk.知識點二語法知識點講解【知識梳理】知識點1： It is +adj. +to do sth.做事怎么樣在此句型中it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式部分，由于主語

28、較長，為了避免頭 重腳輕，用it做形式主語。有時it還可作為形式賓語，代替較長的賓語部分。如：It is great to be with you.I find it interesting to watch the action film.拓展句型：It is +n.+to do sth.如：It is a good idea to have a shower now.知識點2： It is +adj. +for sb.+to do sth. 對某人來說做 事怎么樣此結(jié)構(gòu)是一個陳述句，表示說話人對客觀事件的決斷，比較正式。這類形容詞有difficult,easy, hard, importa

29、nt, dangerous,(im)possible 等。如：It ' s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.It ' s difficult for us to finish the work.知識點3： It is +adj. +of sb.+to do sth.對某人來說做 事怎么樣此句型在英語中運用較為頻繁，尤其在口語中。該句型通常表示說話人對客觀事件的驚訝、興奮、懊悔、難過等感嘆情緒，其實相當(dāng)于感嘆句。如：It ' s very kind of you to help me.該句型中用作表

30、語的形容，常見的有如下幾類：(1)表示聰明或愚蠢的形容詞，有clever, wise, foolish, stupid, silly 等，如：It ' s silly of him to do such a thing.(2)表示正確或錯誤的形容詞，有right, wrong, correct, incorrect等，如：It was right of her not to come here. 表示好壞等品性的形容詞，此類詞較多，有g(shù)ood, nice, kind, sweet, friendly, lovely 等，如:It ' s friendly of you to c

31、ome and see me.(4)表示褒義或貶義色彩的形容詞，有brave, polite, careless, selfish等，如：It was brave of you to manage to do it.【補充】of sb.的句型通常都可轉(zhuǎn)換為不定式作狀語的句子。It ' s very nice of you to offer me a seat.=You are nice to offer me a seat.十分感謝你給我讓座。It is careless of him to lose so many things.=He is careless to lose so

32、many things.他丟了這么多東西，真是太粗心了。知識點三 8B U6 Integrated skills知識點講解【知識梳理】知識點1: South-west China(P87)中國西南方漢語里東南西北”的先后順序到英語里就變成了north, south, east, west；并由此有了下列中、英文表達上的差異。它們的形容詞分別為northern, southern, eastern, western.東南方: south-east 西南方：south-west西 W 匕方： north-west 東北方: north-east如：The Ming Tombs are locate

33、d (坐落) about 50 km to the north-west of Beijing.Jiangsu is in the southern part of China.批注：northeast既可以做名詞也可做形容詞，而 north-east只能做形容詞拓展：in (to, on) the east of要表示 A在B的東部，即：A在B的范圍之內(nèi)時就用"A is in the east of B",如：Italy is in the south of Europe.如果A在B的東方，即：A在B的范圍之外，且相隔有一定的距離，就用"A lies to th

34、e east of B". 口語中有時可將 to the 省去。如：France lies (to the) east of England.如果A在B的東邊(側(cè)),即：A與B相鄰接。就用"A is on the east of B".如： Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu.知識點 2 ： In this way, they can help the local people improve their lives.(P88) 這樣的話，他 們能幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝烁纳扑麄兊纳睢?1) help v.help sb. (to) do

35、sth.幫助某人做某事。如：Can you help me (to) learn English ?help to do sth.有助于做某事。如:This program helps to improve our English.help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事。如:Please help me with my French.help oneself (to)自用(食物等)。如：Help yourself to the fish.help sb. into/ out of攙扶某人進入 /走出。如：He helped the patient out of the hospit

36、al.Can you help the patient into the hospital ?help sb. out幫助某人克服困難，渡過難關(guān)、解決問題、完成工作。如：When I'm in trouble, he always helps me out with money.can' t help doing sth情不自禁做某事。如：He can ' t help crying when he saw his lost dog.can' t help do st杯能幫助做某事。如：We can ' t help do housework becau

37、se of tiring work.help n.with the help of 或 with one ' s he底幫助下。With the help of her, he found his lost child.= He found his lost child with her help.be of some/ no/ much help to sb.對某人有些/沒有/很有幫助。如：This book is of great help to me.Is this magazine of any help to you(2) improve v. 改善，提高 improvement n.改善，提高如： Everyone should try their best to improve their daily lives.知識點 3: introduction (P90)介紹introduction roduction to 表示向什么人作介紹，如： I want to make a simple introduction to all of you. introduction of 表示關(guān)于什么的介紹， 如： I want to make an introduction of this kind