上海版牛津英語(yǔ)8BUnit4知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理配套雙基

1、八年級(jí)第二學(xué)期牛津英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及配套練習(xí)Unit 4 A New Newspaper知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理：I 詞組1 soon after不久之后2 publish a newspaper出版一份報(bào)紙3 hold a meeting舉行會(huì)議4 write a report about sth. for sb.就某事寫一篇報(bào)告給某人5 after school放學(xué)后6 at the next meeting在下一次會(huì)議上7 decide to do決定做某事8 elect sb. to be sth.選某人做9 the chief editor主編10 vote for sb.投票給某人11 take

2、charge of負(fù)責(zé)12 ought (not) to = should (not)應(yīng)該13 ask for suggestions征求建議14 class / school newspaper班/校報(bào)15 the Reading Club讀書俱樂(lè)部16 take notes做記錄，做筆記17 different sections of the newspaper報(bào)紙的不同欄目18 talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb.及某人討論某事19 make a list of sth.列出的清單20 be free to sb.對(duì)某人是免費(fèi)的2

3、1 pay sb. money for sth.為付給某人錢22 have different ideas意見(jiàn)各異23 a bit longer(時(shí)間)久一點(diǎn)24 make a decision about sth. 做決定25 agree to do 同意做某事26 agree with sb.同意某人27 agree on sth.在上達(dá)成一致28 conclude the meeting結(jié)束會(huì)議29 in one weeks time = in a week一個(gè)星期后II. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1. consider (v.) 考慮(in)considerate (a.) (不)體諒人的2. pub

4、lish (v.) 出版publishing (n.) 出版publisher (n.) 出版者(社)3. edit (v.) 編輯editor (n.) 編輯4. choice (n.) 入選者choose chose chosen (v.)選擇5. vote (v.) 投票voter (n.) 投票人6. elect (v.) 選舉elector (n.) 選舉人election (n.) 選舉7. suggest (v.) 提議suggestion (n.) 建議8. experience (n.) 經(jīng)驗(yàn)experienced (a.) 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的9. brief (a.) 簡(jiǎn)短的brie

5、fly (ad.) 簡(jiǎn)短地10. decide (v.) 決定decision (n.) 決定11. conclude (v.) 結(jié)束conclusion (n.) 結(jié)論12. responsible (a.) 有責(zé)任的responsibility (n.) 責(zé)任13. (dis)agree (v.) (不)同意(dis)agreement (n.) (不)同意14. read (v.) 閱讀reader (n.) 讀者III. 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight students at Mayfield School wan

6、ted to publish a newspaper. soon after 意為“不久之后，稍后”。即可作副詞短語(yǔ)，用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；也可作連接詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。2. They held a meeting. 句中的hold作動(dòng)詞，意為“舉行”。此處hold可用have代替。3. We elected Joyce to be the chief editor. elect此處意為“選舉，推選”。 elect sb. to be 意為“選舉某人擔(dān)任（職務(wù)）” 也可表示為: elect sb. as 4. Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce, b

7、ecause she has experience. 句中experience作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。當(dāng)作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“經(jīng)歷”。 have experience可意為be experienced。5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 句中的charge為名詞，意為“任務(wù)，責(zé)任”。常見(jiàn)的搭配有：take charge of 和in charge of 。 此處take charge of及be in charge of及be responsible for可替換。6. She said that we ought to elect a se

8、cretary next. ought to是個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)該”，及should同意。7. She asked for suggestions. ask sb. for .意為“向某人尋求”suggestion意為“建議”，為可數(shù)名詞；及advice的不同之處在于，advice為不可數(shù)名詞。 8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves.句中talk sth. over是“詳細(xì)討論”的意思，也可用“discuss sth.”來(lái)表示。9. Should it be free to readers, or should they pay

9、 for it? free意為“免費(fèi)的”，be free to sb.意為“對(duì)免費(fèi)” pay for意為“付款”。 【比較】spend, cost, take, pay(1)spend的主語(yǔ)通常是人，往往用于以下句型： (sb.) spend some money/some time on sth. (sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth. (2)take常用于“占用、花費(fèi)”時(shí)間，其主語(yǔ)通常為形式主語(yǔ)it或物。句式是： It takes/took sb.some time to do sthSth.takes sb.some time. (3

10、) pay為“付款、賠償”之意，主語(yǔ)通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如： (4) cost的主語(yǔ)必須是某物。常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money。10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer. have different ideas意為“意見(jiàn)各異”。 a bit意為“一點(diǎn)”。1）a bit不能直接修飾名詞，須用a bit of。2

11、）a bit可修飾形容詞及形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)，作程度狀語(yǔ)。11. We agreed to conclude the meeting then. agree to do something意為“同意做某事”； agree with意為“同意，贊成”，后接表示人或意見(jiàn)觀點(diǎn)的詞； agree on/upon/about意為“在某方面達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)”。IV. 語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、主要特征。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞都用原形。構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，通常把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前；構(gòu)成否定句，not放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，其縮寫形式為cant, mustnt, neednt, shouldnt等。二、主要用法。1. 用can, could和

12、be able to表示能力。(1) can意為“能夠”，否定形式為cannot或cant。 如：He can speak five foreign languages.(2) could是can的過(guò)去式。因此，對(duì)于過(guò)去的時(shí)間（如yesterday, last week等），我們不用can或cant，而用could和couldnt。 如：When I was young, I could run very fast.(3) be able to一般可以代替can，也可以表示能力。但can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)(could）,而be able to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。 如：My little

13、 brother has been able to write.2. 用must及mustnt, have to及dont have to, neednt表示義務(wù)。(1) must用以表示“必須做某事”或“一定要做某事”，具有強(qiáng)制性，表示一定的責(zé)任或義務(wù)。 如：The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.(2) mustnt是must的否定形式，表示“禁止；絕不允許”，具有強(qiáng)制性。 如：You mustnt play football in the street.(3) must沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)，要表達(dá)過(guò)去的含義，我們可使用had to代替must。

14、此外，have to側(cè)重這種“義務(wù)”或“責(zé)任”源于某種客觀情況或規(guī)定，并非說(shuō)話者本人能夠控制。 如：We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.(4) dont have to及neednt是“不必”的意思，沒(méi)有強(qiáng)制性。兩者意思相近，但在使用時(shí)，前者有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)的變化；后者沒(méi)有人稱變化，而且一般表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的含義。 如：It has just rained, so he doesnt have to water the garde(n.) You neednt swim in the sea. We have a swimming pool i

15、n our hotel.(5) must用于一般疑問(wèn)句中，其肯定和否定回答應(yīng)引起注意。 如：Must we go now? 我們一定要走嗎？ - Yes, we must. 是的，我們一定要走。 - No, we mustnt. 不，我們不可以走。 Must I finish the work this week? 我一定要在這星期完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎？ - Yes, you must. 是的，你一定要完成。 - No, you neednt. 不，你不一定要完成。 從以上例子中可以看出，用must提問(wèn)的一般疑問(wèn)句，否定回答并不一定是mustnt。根據(jù)實(shí)際含義和情況，我們需要正確選用mustnt或n

16、eednt來(lái)回答。3. 用can, could及may表示“許可”。(1) 在請(qǐng)求對(duì)方的許可，或是準(zhǔn)許你做某事時(shí)，常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could和may。can最為常用；could較為婉轉(zhuǎn)，更有禮貌；may則比較正式。 如：Can I open the window? - Yes, you ca(n.) / No, you cant. Could I borrow a pencil, please? -Yes, certainly. / No, Im afraid not. May I leave early today? - Yes, you may. / No, you may not.

17、(2) 表示給予許可時(shí)，通常用can或may，而不用could。 如：Could I borrow a pencil? - Of course you ca(n.) May I sit here? - No, you may not.4. 用can, could及would表示“請(qǐng)求”。 當(dāng)我們需要?jiǎng)e人的幫助時(shí)，常使用can, could和would這三個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，但在回答時(shí)，could和would則很少使用。 如：Can you open the window? - Yes, I ca(n.) Could you pass me the salt, please? - Yes, ce

18、rtainly. Would you help me carry my suitcase? - No, Im afraid not. 常見(jiàn)的肯定回答：Of course I ca(n.) / OK. / All right. 常見(jiàn)的否定回答：Im afraid I cant / Of course not.5. 用must和cant表示“猜測(cè)”。(1) must表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)某事的發(fā)生或情況很有把握，意為“肯定；一定”。 如：Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.(2) cant表示說(shuō)話者有相當(dāng)?shù)陌盐沾_定某事不會(huì)發(fā)生，意為“不

19、可能”。 如：Youve just had lunch. You cant be hungry.6. 用should和ought to表示“義務(wù)”和“建議”。(1) should和ought to表示應(yīng)該做某事，或做某事的動(dòng)機(jī)是正確的。一般可以相互替換。 如：You should / ought to put your rubbish in the bi(n.)(2) ought to的否定形式為ought not to或oughtnt to。構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，把ought提前至主語(yǔ)前。 如：You ought not to watch TV for too long. Ought we to di

20、scuss the work now?(3) should和ought to用在疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)他人的見(jiàn)解或建議。 如：Ought I to finish my homework now? - Yes, you ought to.(4) should和must的區(qū)別在于：前者多用于勸說(shuō)他人的錯(cuò)誤行為或給予他人一些建議，不具備強(qiáng)制性；而后者意為“必須”，用于規(guī)定或約束他人的行為，具有強(qiáng)制性。 如：You shouldnt be cruel to animals. You mustnt park you car here. Drive it away immediately.(5) shou

21、ld和ought to常及動(dòng)詞think連用。 如：I think Carol should buy some new clothes. Its late. I think I ought to go home now.賓語(yǔ)從句一、概念。 在句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類：動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。二、語(yǔ)序。 賓語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成為“引導(dǎo)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 其他”，其語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序。三、引導(dǎo)詞。1. 如從句是陳述句，用連接詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略）。如：We know (that) there are two kinds

22、 of sports.2. 如從句是特殊提問(wèn)句，用連接副詞why, when, where, how或連接代詞who(m), what, which引導(dǎo)。 如：Do you know why I like team sports?I dont know how they got the tickets.3. 如從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，用連接詞whether或if引導(dǎo)（口語(yǔ)中常用if）。if和whether意為“是否”。如；I dont know whether / if they have decided on the date of the meeting.4. 如從句是選擇疑問(wèn)句，多用連接詞wh

23、ether引導(dǎo)，特別是及or not連用時(shí)。 如：I dont know whether they will come for our help or not.四、時(shí)態(tài)。1. 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。 如：I tell him that I moved to Beijing last year. I have heard that he will come back next week.2. 如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)也要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。 如：He said that there were no classes yesterday. Tom told

24、 me that he would have a birthday party.3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 如：The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化。1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find, see, watch, hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或v-ing形式。 如：She found that the wallet lay on the ground. - She found the wall

25、et lie on the ground. I heard that the birds were singing in the tree. - I heard the birds singing in the tree.2. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是wish, decide, plan, agree, hope等，且主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：She agreed that she could help me with my Maths. - She agreed to help me with my Maths.3. 在連接副詞/代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的

26、主語(yǔ)或和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接副詞/代詞+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：I havent decided when I will leave for Beijing. - I havent decided when to leave for Beijing. Can you tell me how I can get to the station? - Can you tell me how to get to the station?4. 在if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句有時(shí)也可簡(jiǎn)化為“whether + 不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：I am not

27、sure if I will go with you. - I am not sure whether to go with you. He doesnt know whether he will stay here or not. - He doesnt know whether to stay here or not.Exercises for Chapter 4I. Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)。)( ) 1. Every time we met difficulties, we asked our teachers

28、_ advice. A. about B. for C. of D. with( ) 2. The problem should be _ carefully before they concluded the meeting. A. talked over B. talked to C. talked with D. talked about( ) 3. The Chinese people expect that the 2010 EXPO _ successfully in Shanghai. A. will be taken place B. will happen C. will h

29、old D. will take place( ) 4. The members of the group _ me to take charge of _ notes. A. decided, taking B. elected, taking C. decided, take D. elected, take( ) 5. If you have tried your best, you _ worry about anything. A. cant B. neednt to C. neednt D. mustnt( ) 6. Who would like to make me a list

30、 _ the activities you will do during your summer holiday? A. with B. of C. for D. among( ) 7. Now that the newspaper is _, why dont we each have one copy? A. brief B. chief C. paid D. free( ) 8. Would you please tell us _? A. what you will make an arrangement tomorrow B. that you will make an arrang

31、ement tomorrow C. how you will make an arrangement tomorrowD. how will you make an arrangement tomorrow( ) 9. _ Tom graduated from his university, he got a job as a reporter. A. Soon after B. Since C. As D. Though ( ) 10. We all agree _ what you said. Let do as you said. A. at B. on C. with D. about

32、( ) 11. You will have to _ the landlady 100 dollars _ the rent. A. cost, on B. spend, in C. use, for D. pay, for( ) 12. There are twenty books on the shelf. Some are in English, _ are in Chinese. A. others B. the others C. other D. another( ) 13. The teacher told us that we _ on a holiday next weeke

33、nds. A. go B. went C. will go D. would go( ) 14. She fell ill yesterday. She is _ worse today. A. very B. little C. ever D. a bit( ) 15. I _ do the work myself. No one wants to help me. A. have to B. can C. mustnt D. need( ) 16. My parents decided to _ me to Disneyland in Hong Kong. I am looking for

34、ward to _ with them soon. A. take, go B. taking, goingC. taking, go D. take, going( ) 17. My father often _ newspapers at breakfast when he once lived in London. A. sees B. looks C. looks at D. reads( ) 18. A: _ does your brother do a haircut? B: Im not clear, maybe once a month. A. How soon B. How

35、much C. How often D. How long( ) 19. We considered the question for a long time. The underlined part means _. A. thought B. solved C. thought over D. thought of( ) 20. Our meeting concluded at 10 p.m. The underlined part means _. A. finish B. came to an end C. end D. startedII. Complete the sentence

36、s with the given words box in their proper forms（用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子）1. They told me that they would consider the problem and let us know their _(decide).2. We can make a _ (suggest) by asking Why not do something or by saying Lets do something.3. In China and some English-speaking countries, we sha

37、ke our heads to show _. (agree)4. Im the _ (nine) one from the left in the photo.5. Its time for us to finish our _. (discuss)6. In _ (briefly), he is an honest man. You can trust him.7. My holiday is full of different kinds of _. (experience)8. The old _ (edit) often gives suggestions about how to

38、run a newspaper.9. China Daily has a large number of _ (read).10. He finished all the work by _ (he) in a week.III. Rewrite the sentences as required（按要求改寫句子，每空格限填一詞）1. The newspaper ought to give a report on it in details. (改為否定句) The newspaper _ _ to give a report on it in details.2. The room can

39、hold 100 people. (劃線提問(wèn)) _ _ people can the room hold?3. The publishing house publishes childrens books. (劃線提問(wèn)) _ _ _ the publish house publish?4. All Lucys friends voted for her. (劃線提問(wèn)) _ _ all Lucys friends vote _ ?5. Have you decided what events to take part in? (改為賓語(yǔ)從句) Could you tell me _ _ _ de

40、cided what events to take part in ?6. We have an important meeting to attend, _ _? (改為反意疑問(wèn)句)7. The news he told me was exciting. (改為感嘆句) _ _ news he told me!8. You mustnt throw paper here and there. (改為同義句) You _ _ to throw paper here and there. _ _ paper here and there.IV. Cloze Text:A) Choose the

41、words or expressions and complete the passage（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞語(yǔ)，完成短文. ）Most Americans dont like to get advice from members of their family. when they need advice, they dont usually ask people they know. 1 , many Americans write letters to newspapers and magazines which 2 advice on many different subjects,

42、 including 3 , the use of language, health, cooking, child 4 , clothes, and 5 to buy a house or a car.Most newspapers generally print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters, there are answers 6 by people who are thought to know how to solve such problems. some of these writers ar

43、e doctors; 7 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special training for this kind of work.( ) 1. A. Instead B. But C. Instead of D. Though( ) 2. A. receive B. take C. get D. give( ) 3. A. situations B. weather C. plans D. family problems( ) 4. A. at

44、tend B. care C. nurse D. notice( ) 5. A. how B. what C. which D. why( ) 6. A. called B. named C. sent D. written( ) 7. A. other B. others C. another D. the otherB) Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給。）The first newspapers were w_ by hand and p

45、ut up on walls in public places. The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59BC. In the 7th century, the worlds first printed newspaper was p_. Europe didnt have a regularly (有規(guī)律地) published newspaper u_1690, when on was started in Germany.the f_ regularly published newspaper in the Englis

46、h language was published in London and was published once a w_. The first daily English newspaper was the “Daily Current. It came out in March 1702.Today, as a group, English language newspaper have the largest circulation(發(fā)行量) in the w_. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is the Japanese newspaper Asahi shimbun. It s_ more than 11 million copies every day. V. WritingWrite a passage of at least 60 words on the topic “We are proud of ”.Suggested questions:1. What do you know about the person you are