B1 Unit 10 Text 1 英漢對(duì)照(原Unit10)

1、10英語(yǔ)泛讀教程1-Unit Ten-Text 1英漢對(duì)照（原Unit10）Text OneLondon1 London, with the River Thames flowing through it, has seen a long history and has grown into one vast urban area during the past centuries. It is the political, cultural, and financial centre of Great Britain. And there are world-famous museums a

2、nd art galleries. Read the following text and you will know more about London.2 When we think of Paris, Rome, Madrid, Athens and other European capitals, we think of them as "cities". When we think of the whole of modern London, that great area covering several hundred square miles, we do

3、not think of it as "a city", not even as a city and its suburbs. Modern London is not one city that has steadily grown larger through the centuries; it is a number of cities, towns and villages that have, during the past centuries, grown together to make one vast urban area.3 London today

4、stretches for nearly thirty miles from north to south and for nearly thirty miles from east to west. This is the area known as "Greater London", with a population of nine million. The "City of London" is a very small part of the whole; it is only one square mile in area, and the

5、number of people who live and sleep in "the City" is only about ten thousand.4 If you could fly low over London in an aeroplane, for example, you would see below you the River Thames, flowing from west to east and dividing London into the two parts known as the north bank and the south ban

6、k. The division between "the City" and the "West End" would be less obvious from this bird's-eye view.5 If, from the air, we pick out a few landmarks, we will find it easier to understand how London has grown. Two landmarks stand out clearly: St. Paul's Cathedral in the C

7、ity, and, about two miles westwards, the group of buildings near Westminster Bridge, the Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey. Linking them we may see a main street called the Strand.6 These two landmarks are a guide to the growth of London. Round St. Paul's is the original London, the ol

8、dest part, with a history of almost two thousand years. Westminster, with its Palace and Abbey, is six hundred years younger.7 When the Romans came to Britain in the First century AD, London was a small village. Many of the roads built by the Romans met at the place where London Bridge now stands. P

9、arts of the Roman wall, built in the second century, can still be seen.8 The first Norman King, William the Conqueror, was crowned in 1067 in Westminster Abbey. William built the Tower, still one of the most famous sights of London. For hundreds of years the Tower was used as a prison, and visitors

10、today may see the exact spot where many great nobles were executed. The most popular sight, however, is probably the strongly guarded room in which the Crown jewels are kept and displayed.9 As, during the Middle Ages, London increased in size and wealth, the old City and the area round the Royal Pal

11、ace at Westminster became the two chief centres. The nobles, priests, judges, and others who were connected with the Court, lived in or near Westminster. This explains how the part of London that we now call the West End came into being. Because Henry VIII was fond of hunting, we have, today, three

12、parks that form a large area of green: St. James's Park, the Green Park, and Hyde Park.10 The Court moved to St James's in the eighteenth century, and to Buckingham Palace in the nineteenth century. Both of these are in the City of Westminster. Here, and farther west, are the finest theatres

13、, cinemas and concert halls, the large museums, the most comfortable hotels, the largest department stores, and the most famous shops. The name "West End" came to be associated with wealth, comfort, and goods of high quality. Here most of the streets are narrow, and traffic is often very s

14、low. Many of these narrow streets run down to the Thames, and at the end of many of them warehouses can be seen. The city is concerned with finance, but it is also a market for goods of almost every kind, from all parts of the world.11 The Port of London is to the east of the "City". Here,

15、 today, are miles and miles of docks. This is the East End of London, not beautiful in appearance, but very important to the country's trade.12 If you walk westwards from St. Paul's you reach Fleet Street, a name familiar to people in many parts of the world. Here, and in the side streets ru

16、nning from it, the most important newspapers and news agencies have their offices. If you are told that someone works in Fleet Street, you know that he is probably a journalist, or in some way or other connected with journalism. At most hours of the day and night there are hundreds of motor vans lea

17、ving the newspaper offices with their heavy loads, some for the railway stations and others off to news-agents throughout London.13 The ancient City of London has always governed itself and has not shared in the government of the rest of London. The city has its own Lord Mayor and its own Corporatio

18、n. The Lord Mayor's Show celebrates the election of a new Lord Mayor of London. It is held every year on the second Saturday in November, when the new Lord Mayor rides through the streets in his splendid coach, drawn by six horses.14 In the thirteenth century, after the citizens of London had ch

19、osen a new Mayor, they had to go with him to the King's palace in Westminster and ask the King to approve their choice. During the centuries since then, the new Lord Mayor has gone to Westminster by boat, on horseback, or by coach.15 Today, they start in the City and go past St. Paul's Cathe

20、dral as far as the boundary of the City of Westminster. They cross the boundary and stop at the Law Courts, where the Lord Mayor is presented to the Lord Chief Justice. The Mayor makes a solemn promise to carry out his duties faithfully, and the Lord Chief Justice hands the Mayor his sword of office

21、. The procession continues to Westminster, and then returns to the Mansion House, which is the Lord Mayor's official house.16 The London County Council, established in 1889, was replaced in 1965 by a new system of local government called the Greater London Council. Within its boundaries there ar

22、e thirty-two London boroughs, each with its own mayor and council. It is the Greater London Council, however, that is responsible for many of the public services. It is responsible for roads, housing, fire services, parks and open spaces, and town planning.17 Some of the London boroughs are not very

23、 well known to people outside Great Britain. Some names are widely known. Chelsea, which is now united with Kensington, is known to many because of the great writers and artists who have lived there. Kensington is well known, partly because of the royal palace and Kensington Gardens, and partly beca

24、use of the large museums within its boundaries. Greenwich is known because Greenwich time, the time for the meridian of Greenwich, was, until 1968, standard time in Britain.18 Greater London, with its population of nine million, includes not only the area of the City, but the outer suburbs. It has n

25、o definite boundaries, but covers an area of about twenty miles radius from Oxford Circus. Because London has grown so large, the Government has decided that it must spread no farther. It is now surrounded by a "green belt", on which new buildings may be put up only with the permission of

26、the planning authorities.19 London is famous for its museums and art galleries and they are well worth seeing; admission to most is free. The Natural History Museum, Science Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum are all situated in a small area in South Kensington. The British Museum, one of the wor

27、ld's largest museums, is in Great Russell Street. And the Museum of London illustrates the history of London from prehistoric times to the present day. The Shakespeare Globe Museum at Bankside, Southwark, a museum of Elizabethan theatre history, includes a reconstruction of Shakespeare's fir

28、st Globe theatre.20 On the north side of Trafalgar Square, famous for its fountains and its large number of pigeons, there stands a long, low building in classic style. This is the National Gallery, which contains Britain's best-known collection of pictures. The collection was begun in 1824, wit

29、h the purchase of thirty-eight pictures.21 Admission to the Gallery is free, as is the case with other British national galleries and museums, which are maintained by money voted by Parliament. Private individuals leave their pictures to the galleries after their death, at times on a generous scale.

30、22 Just behind the National Gallery stands the National Portrait Gallery, in which the visitor can see portraits of British kings and queens since the reign of Richard II, and of historical people such as Chaucer and Shakespeare. Many of the pictures are by well-known artists.23 The National Gallery

31、 of British Art, better known as the Tate Gallery, was given to the nation by a rich sugar merchant, Sir Henry Tate, who had a taste for the fine arts. It overlooks the Thames, not far from the Houses of Parliament. English artists are naturally well represented here, and the Tate also has a range o

32、f modern works, including some sculptures by foreign artists. This, of all the London galleries, is the young people's gallery. It has been stated that three-quarters of its visitors are under twenty-five.24 The Wallace Collection at Hertford House was formed by Lord Hertford and his half-brothe

33、r, Sir Richard Wallace. Sir Richard Wallace inherited the collection and, in 1897, his widow gave the collection to the nation. There is here a very fine display of weapons and armor, pottery, miniatures and sculptures. The first floor of the building contains many excellent pictures of famous artis

34、ts.課文一倫敦1 座落在泰晤士河畔的倫敦具有悠久的歷史。它歷經(jīng)數(shù)百年的發(fā)展，已然成為一個(gè)巨大的城區(qū)。倫敦是英國(guó)的政治、文化和金融中心，擁有世界聞名的博物館和藝術(shù)展覽館。閱讀下面的文字，會(huì)使你對(duì)倫敦有更深入的了解。2 提起巴黎、羅馬、馬德里、雅典和其他歐洲國(guó)家首都，我們會(huì)把它們都看作是“城市”；而談到占地幾百平方英里的現(xiàn)代倫敦，我們則無(wú)法將它視為“一個(gè)城市”，甚至無(wú)法把它看作是由一個(gè)城市及其附屬郊區(qū)構(gòu)成的整體。通常一座城市是經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的穩(wěn)步發(fā)展壯大而形成的，而現(xiàn)代的倫敦則不是；它是由許許多多城市、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和村莊經(jīng)過(guò)幾百年的發(fā)展聯(lián)結(jié)在一起而形成的一個(gè)巨大的城區(qū)。3 今天的倫敦東西橫亙近30英里，南

35、北相距也近30英里。這就是人們所說(shuō)的擁有九百萬(wàn)人口的“大倫敦(或倫敦地區(qū)）”?！皞惗厥袇^(qū)”只占整個(gè)倫敦地區(qū)很小的一部分，面積僅為一平方英里。在這個(gè)“市區(qū)”居住生活的人口大約只有一萬(wàn)人。4 如果你在倫敦上方做低空飛行，就會(huì)看到下面的泰晤士河。河水由西向東流淌，將倫敦分成兩個(gè)部分，即北岸和南岸。鳥(niǎo)瞰倫敦時(shí)，“市區(qū)”和“倫敦西區(qū)”的界限并不是很明顯。5 從空中挑選一些標(biāo)志性建筑，會(huì)更易于我們了解倫敦的發(fā)展史。有兩個(gè)標(biāo)志性建筑特別醒目：一個(gè)是市區(qū)里的圣保羅大教堂，另一個(gè)是教堂向西兩英里左右處、威斯敏斯特大橋附近的建筑群，即威斯敏斯特宮和威斯敏斯特教堂。一條叫做斯特蘭德的大街將它們串連起來(lái)。6 這兩個(gè)標(biāo)

36、志性建筑是了解倫敦發(fā)展進(jìn)程的向?qū)АＪケＡ_大教堂周?chē)亲畛醯膫惗?，這里是最古老的地方，擁有近兩千年的歷史。威斯敏斯特宮和教堂要比它晚六百年。7 公元一世紀(jì)羅馬人來(lái)到英國(guó)時(shí)，倫敦還是一個(gè)小村莊。羅馬人建造的許多公路在如今的倫敦橋的位置交匯。公元二世紀(jì)，羅馬人建造的城墻仍依稀可見(jiàn)。8 1067年第一個(gè)諾曼底國(guó)王征服者威廉就是在威斯敏斯特教堂接受加冕的。威廉建造的倫敦塔,仍是今天倫敦最著名的景點(diǎn)之一。幾百年中，它一直被用作監(jiān)獄。如今的參觀者仍能看到當(dāng)年許多顯赫貴族被處以死刑的地方。不過(guò)，最著名的景點(diǎn)大概是王室珍寶存放陳列室，那兒有重兵把守著。9 在中世紀(jì)時(shí)期，隨著倫敦土地面積的擴(kuò)大和財(cái)富的不斷增加，舊

37、城區(qū)和威斯敏斯特宮周邊的區(qū)域，發(fā)展成為兩個(gè)主要中心。貴族、牧師、法官和其他與宮廷有關(guān)的人都住在威斯敏斯特里或附近。這就是我們今天所說(shuō)的倫敦西區(qū)的由來(lái)。喜歡打獵的亨利八世給我們留下了今天的圣詹姆士公園、格林公園和海德公園。三座公園連接起來(lái)，形成大片綠地。10 皇宮于18世紀(jì)遷往圣詹姆士，又于19世紀(jì)遷至白金漢宮。它們都位于威斯敏斯特城內(nèi)。從這里及至再往西的地帶上，最好的劇院、電影院和音樂(lè)廳鱗次櫛比，大型的博物館、最舒適的旅館、最大的百貨商場(chǎng)以及最著名的商店也都聚集于此。漸漸地，“倫敦西區(qū)”這個(gè)名字與財(cái)富、舒適和高質(zhì)量的商品聯(lián)系在一起。這里的大多數(shù)街道都很狹窄，交通往往十分緩慢。許多狹窄的街道都通

38、向泰晤士河，而在街的盡頭常?？梢钥吹胶芏鄠}(cāng)庫(kù)。這是一座金融城市，但同時(shí)也是個(gè)大市場(chǎng)。這里的商品來(lái)自世界各地,品種齊全，應(yīng)有盡有。 11 倫敦港在“市區(qū)”的東邊。如今，這兒的碼頭綿延幾英里。這里就是倫敦的東區(qū)，它的外表看上去并不美麗，但它對(duì)全國(guó)的貿(mào)易極為重要。12 從圣保羅漫步西行，就到了艦隊(duì)街。這個(gè)名字對(duì)世界各地的人來(lái)講都不會(huì)陌生。世界上最重要的報(bào)社和通訊社都在這條街或與之相連的小街上設(shè)有辦事處。如果有人告訴你某人在艦隊(duì)街工作，你便可知道他很可能是個(gè)記者，或者多少與新聞業(yè)有關(guān)。不管白天黑夜，每天大部分時(shí)間里總有幾百輛貨車(chē)載著沉重的貨物駛離報(bào)社辦事處。有的駛往火車(chē)站，有的駛往倫敦的報(bào)刊經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商。 13 古倫敦市一直是自治管理，不參與其他城區(qū)的管理。它擁有自己的市長(zhǎng)和自己的市政委員會(huì)。每年11月第二個(gè)星期六，會(huì)舉行市長(zhǎng)就職彩車(chē)游，慶祝又一任市長(zhǎng)的誕生。屆時(shí)，新當(dāng)選的市長(zhǎng)會(huì)坐在豪華的六駕馬車(chē)上穿過(guò)大街。 14 在13世紀(jì)，倫敦公民選好一個(gè)新市長(zhǎng)后，必須隨同他一起前往位于威斯敏斯特的王宮，請(qǐng)求國(guó)王恩準(zhǔn)他們的選擇。自那時(shí)起的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里，新市長(zhǎng)都要去威斯敏斯特。他們或乘船，或騎馬，或者駕著馬車(chē)前往。15 今天，他們從古城區(qū)出發(fā)，經(jīng)由圣保羅教堂直至威斯敏斯特市的邊界。越過(guò)邊界，隊(duì)伍在法院門(mén)前