unit3 the message of the land

1、 我愛(ài)這土地 艾青假如我是一只鳥， 我也應(yīng)該用嘶啞的喉嚨歌唱：這被暴風(fēng)雨所打擊的土地，這永遠(yuǎn)洶涌著我們的悲憤的河流，這無(wú)止息地吹刮著的激怒的風(fēng)，和那來(lái)自林間的無(wú)比溫柔的黎明然后我死了，連羽毛也腐爛在土地里面。為什么我的眼里常含淚水？因?yàn)槲覍?duì)這土地愛(ài)得深沉3What does “l(fā)and” mean to you? What are the differences among “l(fā)and”, “soil” and “earth”?4material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow 土地土地

2、territory over which rule or control is exercised國(guó)土國(guó)土the solid part of the earths surface陸地陸地earth是相對(duì)于天空或太空而言的“地面”; land是指地球表面相對(duì)于海洋而言時(shí)的“地面” ground指人們?cè)谏厦嫘凶叩牡孛婊蚓哂幸欢娣e限度的空地。 soil主要表示栽培植物的“土壤”,也可引申為“國(guó)土,國(guó)度”。5 Do you know what these nicknames refer to?Land of the Rising Sun Land of the RoseLand of the Sha

3、mrockLand of CakesLand of Golden Fleece Land of ThistleLand of the Stars and StripesScotlandJapanU.S.AIrelandEnglandAustraliaPira Sudham was born in a poor family in 1942 in rural Esarn. Pira Sudham spent his childhood in the rice fields on the Korat Plateau, helping his parents and tending a herd o

4、f buffaloes until he went to Bangkok(曼谷/泰國(guó)首都) at the age of fourteen to be a servant to monks in a Buddhist temple where he was also admitted to a school. 67To support himself through high school and the first year at the Faculty of Arts(文學(xué)院), Chulalongkorn University, he sold souvenirs to tourists

5、until he won a New Zealand(新西蘭大洋洲) government scholarship to study English literature at Auckland(奧克蘭/新西蘭港市) University and later at Victoria University, Wellington(惠靈頓/新西蘭）. His writings began to appear in literary publications in New Zealand, Hong Kong and the United States before his first book,

6、Tales of Thailand was published in 1983, followed by People of Esarn in 1987. He has lived for over ten years in Australia and the United Kingdom, where he wrote Monsoon Country (1988), and its sequel, The Force of Karma (2002). Pira Sudham is the Thai author writing in English who was nominated for

7、 the 1990 Nobel Prize for Literature. His novel and short stories provide insights into Thai life, particularly that of rural northeast Thailand.8People of People of EsarnEsarnPira Sudham conveys the inner voices of his subjects regardless of how illiterate, timid and insignificant they seem in thei

8、r daily lives. Their simplicity and sensitivity come through his direct and clear prose, yet moving and touching. He writes with understanding and compassion for his people. Foreign writers writing about the Thai people look at Thailand from the outside, but Pira Sudham writes about his people and c

9、ountry as seen from the inside. This is one of the things that makes them so fascinating. 9Monsoon CountryMonsoon Country It depicts the problems of social transition in present day Thailand and gives insights into Thai life in the rural northeast. It is set in Thailand, England and Germany to conve

10、y the cultural tension between the East and the West, the clashes between the new powers and the old values, covering the span of 25 years of the social-economic and political changes occurring in Thailand. 1011Others Comments:-“Pira Sudham has given a voice to the poor of Thailand.” -“Pira Sudham i

11、s undoubtedly one of the foremost Thai writers of today, a formidable vivisector to reveal the hidden aspects of Thai society.”Pira Sudhams Own Words: If I had not left my village then, I would have been subject, like most villagers, to the mercy of nature: floods, drought, disease, ignorance and sc

12、arcity. With endurance, I would have accepted them as my own fate, as something I cannot go against in this life.” In my mind I carry memories of childhood, of life in villages, much as a pregnant woman carrying a child. Every day these images grow, and I know that one day I shall have to give birth

13、 to them through the medium of writing. Besides, I dont want people in our villages, so far removed from other peoples because of distance and poverty, to be born, suffer and to die in vain.1213Bangkok, is the capital and largest city of Thailand. Bangkok is one of the fastest-growing, most economic

14、ally dynamic and socially progressive cities in Southeast Asia. But it suffers from social problems as a result of its rapid growth. It is also one of the worlds most popular tourist destinations.14Bangkok is the economic center of Thailand. Tourism is a major source of revenue. The city contains ma

15、ny Buddhist temples (known in Thai as Wats), The city is a famous jewelry center,buying and selling silver and bronze ware1516Buddhism is Thailands main religion. 94% of Thai people are Buddhist. Buddhism is linked with the historical Indian prince, Siddharta Gautama（釋迦牟尼）（釋迦牟尼）, who became the Budd

16、ha and reached the enlightenment. Now his teachings are still followed. His teachings say that people suffer because they are attached to material things, to women or men by heart links. These links cause suffer, jealousy and pain. People are never satisfied, i.e. they want more money, more power. T

17、he aim of Buddhism is to get rid of these pains and of these links. 17 If you have done good deeds in your life, next life will be better. If you have done bad deeds, next life will be harsh.18Monks life is based on 227 monastic mnstk僧侶的rules and 5 major precepts, i.e. no sex, no lies, no robbery, n

18、o alcohol, no killing. A boy is not a man if he hasnt been a monk once in his life. Even the King of Thailand Rama 9（羅摩）（羅摩） had been a monk for one month. In old days this period was three months. Now it can be only a few weeks or a few days. 19Some families still refuse to marry their daughter if

19、the future husband hasnt ever been a monk. It means that he isnt ripe enough. A boy that becomes a monk for a few months is making a really good action towards his parents. In a bus, seats in the back are reserved to monks. If a woman is sitting there, she should leave because a woman cannot touch a

20、 monk.20Essay based on an interviewInterviewer: the authorInterviewees: a farmer and his wifeTopic: life in the country21Stylistic featurecolloquial short sentences small and easy words straightforward language22Interview: Organize the class into groups of 4 with one as a reporter and the other 3 as

21、 interviewees. Topic: Chinese university students view of the life and people in the countrysideTime arrangement: 3 minutes for the interview and 2 minutes for the interviewer to report to the class.Part 1: The wifes speech (para. 1- ) (para. - )Part 2: The farmers speech (para. - 11)23The wife tell

22、s us briefly about each member of her family and how all her children left. This part focuses on the changes that she finds she cant adjust to.The farmer tells us what he thinks are the roots of all evils. He also tells us what joys he finds in life and in farming. 3478Changes in familyChanges in th

23、e village The wifescomplaintsThefarmerscomplaintsNone of the children will come back to inherit the land.n Greed, anger, and lust are the root of all evils.n No young man will care what message the land gives.the loss of traditional values and the way of lifeAll four children went away. Children wea

24、r jeans instead. no barter, but cash no pay-free help plastic things instead only the old on the land no practice of the old customs no respect for the oldMy husband moved into our houses as is the way with us in Esarn. (1)“As” introduces a defining relative clause and functions as its subject, repr

25、esenting what is stated in the main clause.They come home to see us now and then, stay a few days, and then they are off again.(every) now and then : now and again; occasionallybe off: be away from a place here and there up and down ups and downs the ins and outs back and forth 處處，到處處處，到處 上上下下，起伏地，來(lái)

26、回地，詳盡地上上下下，起伏地，來(lái)回地，詳盡地 盛衰，浮沉盛衰，浮沉 細(xì)節(jié)細(xì)節(jié), 一五一十一五一十, 角角落落角角落落 來(lái)來(lái)回回地來(lái)來(lái)回回地and it is like a knife piercing my heart.Simile：（明喻）（明喻）A simile is a brief comparison , usually introduced by the preposition “l(fā)ikelike” or the conjunction “asas”, and etc.A simile consists of two parts: tenor and vehicle. The ten

27、or is the primary subject; the vehicle is the thing to which the main subject is compared to. 29He has ears which dont hear, a mouth which doesnt speak, and eyes that dont see. Questions: Does the wife really mean that her husband is deaf , dumb and blind?30Maybe its fate that sent them away from us

28、.master of ones fate掌握自己命運(yùn)掌握自己命運(yùn)You are the master of your fate!你主宰著自己的命運(yùn)!Our piece of land is small, and it is no longer fertile, bleeding year after year and, like us, getting old and exhausted. personificationOur land is getting poorer with each passing year, like us who are getting old, weak and

29、 tired.present participle phrases functioning as a cause32 but in a bad year, its not only the ploughs that break, but our hearts, too.emphatic formWhen there is a draught, the soil is so hard that it breaks the ploughs and we feel so sad that our hearts break too.Zeugma: a single word is made to mo

30、dify or govern two or more words in the same sentence331.It was the policeman that/who caught a pickpocket on No. 933 bus yesterday. (The subject is emphasized.)1.It was a pickpocket that the policeman caught on No. 933 bus yesterday. (The object is emphasized.)3. It was on No.933 bus that the polic

31、eman caught a pickpocket yesterday. (The adverbial of place is emphasized.)4. It was yesterday that the policeman caught a pickpocket on No. 933 bus. (The adverbial of time is emphasized.)34zeugma zjum軛式修飾法軛式修飾法a single word is used with two other parts of a sentence but must be understood different

32、ly in relation to eachHe took his hat and his leave.35Plastic bags litter the village.N. waste material thrown away , especially bits of paper scattered untidily in a public placeV. to leave rubbish such as plastic bags, waste paper, water bottles, cigarette, cartons, etc. on the ground in a public

33、place36waste:概念廣泛，指任何被丟棄的東西。garbage:主要指有機(jī)廢料，包括廚房的剩菜剩飯或不能再用的食物。rubbish:指任何成堆的、破損的、用過(guò)的或無(wú)用的東西，尤指棄掉的垃圾堆。litter:是四下亂丟物品的總稱，尤指散落于地，有礙觀瞻的廢物。37relative clause modifying “things and goods”past participle as post modifierShops have sprung up, filled with colorful plastic things and goods we have no use for. (

34、para. 4) after a fashion after the fashion of come into fashion follow the fashion go out of fashion in (the) fashion make fashion out of (the) fashion set a (the) fashion 勉強(qiáng)，馬馬虎虎勉強(qiáng)，馬馬虎虎 像，跟像，跟一樣；模仿一樣；模仿 開始風(fēng)行開始風(fēng)行 趕時(shí)髦趕時(shí)髦 不再風(fēng)行不再風(fēng)行 合于時(shí)尚合于時(shí)尚 裝裝樣子裝裝樣子 不合時(shí)尚不合時(shí)尚 開創(chuàng)新時(shí)尚開創(chuàng)新時(shí)尚39我多少會(huì)彈點(diǎn)鋼琴。I can play the piano af

35、ter a fashion.他多少能講點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)。He can speak English after a fashion.他們?yōu)檫@一代樹立了一個(gè)新風(fēng)尚。They set a fashion for the generation.40buffalon.水牛；野牛；水陸坦克水牛；野牛；水陸坦克vt.威嚇；欺騙；迷惑威嚇；欺騙；迷惑初次見面時(shí)他企圖欺騙我He tried to buffalo me at first meeting.別威脅我做我不想做的事。Dont buffalo me into doing something I dont want to do.我完全被測(cè)驗(yàn)上的第五題迷惑了。The

36、fifth question on the test buffaloed me completely.41striken.罷工；打擊；毆打罷工；打擊；毆打v.打；撞；罷工；劃燃打；撞；罷工；劃燃strike at 打擊(某人、物) try to hit or aim a blow at sb/sthHe struck at me repeatedly with a stick.他用棍子不斷向我打來(lái)。strike in插嘴 interruptstrike onupon偶然想起; 偶然得到 think of sth suddenlyI struck on the idea when at work

37、 yesterday.我昨天上班時(shí)突然想到這個(gè)主意。bego on strike 在開始罷工課Students there were again on strike. 那兒的學(xué)生又在罷課了。comego out on strike舉行罷工42shamea. shamefula. ashameda. shameless可恥或丟臉的可恥或丟臉的感到慚愧的；感到害臊的感到慚愧的；感到害臊的無(wú)恥的無(wú)恥的43condemnvt. 譴責(zé),責(zé)備 express strong disapprovalvt. 判罪,處刑 give judgement againstvt. 宣布不能使用不適用 declare st

38、h not to be useful or fit for這個(gè)罪犯被判死刑。The criminal was condemned to death.我們譴責(zé)他的愚蠢行為。 We condemn his foolish behavior.44This question has never occurred to me.occur to1.happen to sb (especially of unpleasant events)I hope no accident has occurred to him.我希望他沒(méi)出什么事。2. come to mind of (sb/sth) Such a s

39、imple explanation never occurred to me!我從未想到如此簡(jiǎn)單的解釋。45Yes, this bag of bones dressed in rags can still plant and reap rice from morning till dusk. metaphor meaning a poor, old and weak person A metaphor is also a comparison.The difference is that a simile compares things explicitly- that is , it sta

40、tes literally that X is like Y. A metaphor compares things implicitly. Read literally, it does not state that things are alike; it says that they are the same thing, that they are identical.46Metaphor:（隱喻，暗喻）（隱喻，暗喻）47a bag of bones: a very thin person or animal. 骨瘦如柴的人骨瘦如柴的人 The cat was just a bag o

41、f bones.bag and baggage: with all ones belongings, often suddenly or secretly ; adv帶著全部財(cái)產(chǎn)帶著全部財(cái)產(chǎn) Her tenant (房客）房客）left, bag and baggage, without paying the rent.be in the bag: (of an result, outcome) be as desired 俗俗確實(shí)無(wú)疑確實(shí)無(wú)疑, 穩(wěn)操勝券穩(wěn)操勝券Her re-election is in the bag.bag of moonshine 無(wú)稽之談無(wú)稽之談48a bone of

42、 contention有爭(zhēng)執(zhí)的問(wèn)題 subject about which there is disagreementWhat is the real bone of contention? 真正的爭(zhēng)議點(diǎn)是什么?close tonear the bone (言語(yǔ)不客氣、不圓滑地)揭露真相 (of a remark, question, etc.) unkindly or tactlessly revealing the truth about sb/sthSome of his comments about her appearance were a bit close to the bone

43、. 他對(duì)她外貌的一些評(píng)論有點(diǎn)太露骨了。49feelknow in ones bones憑直覺(jué)確信 believe strongly that sth is true or will happen, though without proofHe felt in his bones he could do it. 他確信他能干這件事。work ones fingers to the bone拼命地干 work very hardIll work my fingers to the bone till I pay back all my debts. 我要拼命地干活直到把欠款還清。50 初戀:fir

44、st love 早戀:puppy love黃昏戀:twilight romance姐弟戀:romance with younger man三角戀:love triangle精神戀愛(ài):platonic love 單戀:unrequited love相思:lovesick 相親:blind date速配:speed dating 老情人:old flame一夜情:one-night stand 網(wǎng)戀:cyber love51I am at peace with the land and the conditions of my life.Paraphrasing: I am content wit

45、h my land and accept my situation in life without complaint. nin a situation in which there is no war or fighting; in harmony with The two countries are at peace with each other. The country is at peace with its neighbors for the first time in years. 52I have been forcing silence upon her all these

46、years, yet she had not once complained of anything. Paraphrasing: All these years, I hardly talk with her or listen to her, so she has to keep silent about her thoughts and feelings, but she has never told anyone else about her unhappy feelings about my silence. 53force on (onto, upon)把強(qiáng)加于 push sth unwanted by force on sb Parents are liable to force their ideas on their children.父母容易把他們的意見強(qiáng)加給子女。by force靠武力,強(qiáng)行 by violence 警察強(qiáng)行把他帶到警察局。The police took him to the station by e into force 開始生效 take effect 那些規(guī)章將于下周開始生效。Those regulations will come into force next week.54Still the land