定語(yǔ)從句詳解例句

1、Attributive Clause 定語(yǔ)從句一、定義定語(yǔ)從句：修飾名詞或代詞的從句。換句話說(shuō)，名詞、代詞后的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。 先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞、甚至詞組或句子叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。1關(guān)系代詞：在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定語(yǔ)成分2關(guān)系副詞：在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)成分關(guān)系詞3個(gè)功能：1. 連接功能(連接先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句)；2. 擔(dān)任功能(在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定、狀語(yǔ))3. 替代功能(在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞)。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的是： who, that, which, as賓語(yǔ)的是： who, whom, that, which, as定

2、語(yǔ)的是： whose, which先行詞是人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞是：who, whom, that, as先行詞是物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞是：which, that, whose, as關(guān)系副詞有：when (先行詞為時(shí)間),where (先行詞為地點(diǎn)),why (先行詞為原因)關(guān)系副詞 = 介詞+ which / whom定語(yǔ)從句分為兩種：限制性與非限制性。先行詞與關(guān)系詞之間無(wú)逗號(hào)隔開為限制性；有逗 號(hào)隔開則為非限制性，且一般由which弓I導(dǎo)。唯一可以置于先行詞之前的定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)。二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1) The boys who are playi n

3、g football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷浴?1) Mr. Liu is the pers on (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my frien

4、d.3. which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who或者whom ;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者 賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is th

5、e man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)，有從屬關(guān)系。(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has falle n in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3) The classroom whose door is broke n will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broke n will

6、soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞 +關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I wil

7、l bring here a magaz ine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magaz ine for which you asked.(5) We'll go to hear the famous sin ger (whom/that/who) we have ofte n talked about.(6) We'll go to hear the famous sin ger about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開使用

8、，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am look ing for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am look ing. (F)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用 whom，不可用who或者that ;指物時(shí)用which，不能用that ;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked

9、 with is my friend. (F)(3) The pla ne in which we flew to Can ada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The pla ne in that we flew in to Can ada is very comfortable. (F)3. “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his pare nts deeply, both of whom are very ki nd t

10、o him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty stude nts in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.四、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time whe n we got together fin

11、ally came.2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(1) Shan ghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has bee n pulled dow n.3. why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)(1) Please tell me the reas on why you missed the pla ne.(2) I don 'know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞

12、”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year whe n/in which he was going to school he bega n to know what he wan ted whe n he grew up.(3) Great cha nges have take n place in the city in which/where I was born.難點(diǎn)分析(一) 只能用that不用 which1 .當(dāng)先行詞是 anything,

13、 everything, nothing (something 除夕卜),few, all, none, little, some 等代 詞時(shí)，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時(shí)(1) Have you take n dow n everyth ing that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has bee n done.(4

14、) There is little that I can do for you.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用who(4) Any man that/who has a sense of duty won 'do such a thing.2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)(1) This is the best film that I have see n.4. 當(dāng)形容詞被 the very, the only, the las

15、t 修飾時(shí)(1) This is the very dict ionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he own ed.當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用who(3) Wang Hua is the only pers on in our school who will atte nd the meet ing.5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有 who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)(1) Who is the man that is sta nding there?(

16、2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)(1) Can you remember the scie ntist and his theory that we have lear ned?只能用 which, who, whom 不用 that1. 關(guān)系代詞直接放在介詞后面時(shí)，要用which，不用that;要用whom ,不用who。2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用which, who, whom,不用that，也不能省略。(二) 關(guān)系代詞 as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有

17、相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1. as和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1) He married her, as/which was n atural.(2) He was hon est, as/which we can see.2. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a develop ing coun try.(2) He is from the south,

18、 as we can see from his acce nt.(3) Joh n, as you kno w, is a famous writer.(4) He has bee n to Paris more tha n several times, which I don 'believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher an gry.3. 當(dāng)先行次由such, the same修飾時(shí)，常用 as(1) I have n ever hear

19、d such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行次由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's weddi ng.她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wor

20、e.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。(三) 以the way為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. (but= who don ')(五) 區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句1.定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系(1) The pla ne that has just take n off is for London. 定語(yǔ)從句(2) The fa