【課件】定語(yǔ)從句課件 人教版必修第一冊(cè)

1、一、基本定義： 定語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句，它起定語(yǔ)的作用。 定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾、限定、說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的，漢語(yǔ)中常用“的”表示。 定語(yǔ)可以是一個(gè)單詞，一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子，當(dāng)定語(yǔ)是個(gè)句子時(shí)，我們把這種定語(yǔ)叫作“定語(yǔ)從句”。 定語(yǔ)從句“誕生記”： 1. The beautiful girl is my classmate. 2. The girl beside the window is my classmate. 3. The girl who wears a white dress is my classmate.= 1)The girl is my classma

2、te. 2)The girl wears a white dress. 二、術(shù)語(yǔ)：1. 先行詞：指被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞，一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。2. 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。1)關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)代表先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作一定的句子成分，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等。2)關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，原因狀語(yǔ) 注意：關(guān)系詞的作用是：連接主句和從句；關(guān)系代 詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分指代對(duì)象關(guān)系代詞who主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)人whom賓語(yǔ)人whose定語(yǔ)人或物that主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)人或物which主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)物as主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)人或物關(guān)系副詞w

3、here地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間why原因狀語(yǔ)原因三、關(guān)系代詞的用法(一）who 作主語(yǔ)，指人，既可指單數(shù)名詞， 也可指復(fù)數(shù)名詞；在口語(yǔ)中，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常用 who 代替whom,也可省略 (1)Do you know the student who left a moment ago? (who 指人，作主語(yǔ)） (2)All of the people who we talked about just now are from Japan. (who 指人，作介詞賓語(yǔ)） (3)The man (who/whom) we met at the school gate is our Engl

4、ish teacher. (who 指人，作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）定語(yǔ)從句解題技巧：“三定”組裝法1.定主句：確定句子主干部分2.定先行詞：確定要修飾限定的部分3.定關(guān)系詞：根據(jù)先行詞的性質(zhì)（代表人或物或句子），來(lái)選定關(guān)系詞，取代先行詞 (1)使用關(guān)系代詞的情況：定語(yǔ)從句中缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)時(shí)(2)使用關(guān)系副詞的情況：定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等成分時(shí)1. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. （2006北京

5、卷） A. who ; 不填B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who D. 不填; 不填Key: C2. The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002春招) A. where B. when C. which D. who Key:D3. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. （2013湖南卷） A. whomB

6、. whoC. whatD. which Key: B4. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. (2012江蘇卷) A. which B. who C. where D. whatKey:B (二）whom 作賓語(yǔ)，指人 作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，who可以代替whom； 作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)介詞后置，who/whom 均可， 亦可省略； 但緊跟介詞之后時(shí)，必須用whom，且不可省略 (1) The m

7、an (who/whom) we met at the school gate is our English teacher. (who/whom 作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)） (2) The professor (who/whom) we called on yesterday is friendly to his neighbors. (whom 作介詞賓語(yǔ)，介詞后置） (3) He had three daughters, all of whom went to college. （whom作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)） (4) With whom did you go to the Summer Palace?

8、(whom 作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)）1. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses. (2006湖南卷) A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with whichKey: B (give sth to sb)2. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk fr

9、equently. (2004上海)A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom Key:D （talk with sb)3. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. (2000上海春) A. who B. about whomC. whom D. with whomKey: B (tell sb about sb/sth)4.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. (1

10、992全國(guó)) A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom Key:D (turn to sb for help)5. Why does she always ask you for help? （2005北京） There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turnKey: B (turn to sb 求助某人)(關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)介詞后置，亦可省略）（三） whose 是所有格形式，既可以指

11、人， 也可以指物，表示“的”， 在從句中作定語(yǔ)；指物時(shí)可與of which 互換 (1) The student whose mother is a professor studies very well. (whose 指人） (2) This is the house whose windows (=the windows of which 或 of which the windows)are all broken. （whose 指物）1. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-ma

12、ils. （2009天津） A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoeverKey:C2. Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (2009安徽) A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whomKey: B3. A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. （2014山東

13、卷） A. which B. whose C. who D. whyKey: B 4. Look out ! Don t get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (福建卷) A. whose B. which C. of which D. thatKey: A (whose roof=of which the roof 或=the roof of which)(四） that 既可指人也可指物，在從句中作 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(1) This is the book that interests me. (that 指物，作主語(yǔ)）(2)

14、 The jacket (that) my mother bought for me doesnt fit me. ( that 指物，作賓語(yǔ)）(3) The boy that beat me in the ping-pong game was my deskmate. (that 指人，作主語(yǔ)）(4) He is the man (that/who/whom) you can believe in. (that 指人，作賓語(yǔ)）(5) Amy is no longer the girl that she was. (that 指人，作表語(yǔ)）1. Do you still remember th

15、e chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? （2005北京春招） A. where B. when C. that D. what Key: C2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. （2011山東卷） A. they B. where C. what D. thatKey:D3.Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes，theres one point _we mus

16、t insist on (2006江西卷) Awhy Bwhere Chow D/Key: D (關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)，可省略）4. The doctor _is leaving for Africa next month. (1983全國(guó)) A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking Key: C ( talk to sb)(五)which 指物，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)(當(dāng)緊跟介詞后，作介詞賓語(yǔ) 時(shí)， 不

17、可省略，且要考慮固定搭配）(1)The ship which/that has just set out is leaving for Qingdao. (which 指物，作主語(yǔ)）(2)This is the bike (which/that) I bought last week. (which 指物，作賓語(yǔ)）(3) George spent five years in college, during which time he studied medicine. （which 作定語(yǔ)）1. In fact the Swede did not understand the three qu

18、estions _ were asked in French. （1985全國(guó)） A. where B. who C. in which D. which Key: D2. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _you can hire to reach your host family. （2011上海卷）A. whichB. whereC. whenD. asKey: A3. Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. (2009陜西11) A. of

19、 which B. with which C. about which D. into whichKey: C (argue about sth)4. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. （2005重慶） A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that timeKey: A（六） as 在從句

20、中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)， 常與 the same 或 such 連用；引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞一般是單詞；引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞通常是句子 (1) He works in the same office as I do. （as 作賓語(yǔ)） (2) Our English teacher often uses such expressions as he can find in the texts. （as 作賓語(yǔ)） (3) China is a developing country, as is known to all. (as 代替前面的整個(gè)句子，在從句中作主語(yǔ)） 補(bǔ)： the

21、sameas表示兩者的相似性， the samethat表示兩者的同一性 (1)This is the same watch as I lost last week. (相似但不是同一個(gè)事物） (2)This is the same watch that I lost last week. （兩者是同一個(gè)事物）1. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. (2000上海) A. like B. as C . that D. which Key: B2._ is known to everybody, the mo

22、on travels round the earth once every month. (2001全國(guó)) A. It B. As C. That D. What Key: B 四、關(guān)系副詞的用法 （一） when 表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞（year， season，day 等） (1) I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. （On the day, I joined the Party.） (2) Do you still remember the year when we worked

23、together? (In the year, we worked together.)1. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for night. (2009江蘇) A. if B. when C. which D. sinceKey: B2. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer(2003北京) A. which B. that C. whose D. whenKey:

24、D3. I am looking forward to the daymy daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. （2014湖南卷）A. as B. whyC. when D. whereKey: C 4. The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great changes. (2007年山東卷)A . when Bduring which Csince then Dsince whenKey: D（二）where 表示地點(diǎn)

25、，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞（place， room等） (1) That is the school where we once studied. （We once studied in the school.) (2) This is the village where I live now. ( I live in the village now.) 1. Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now. (2009 上海 34) A. wher

26、e B. when C. there D. whichKey: A2. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (2007年全國(guó)一) A. then B. there C. while D. whereKey: D3. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm we worked. （2007年山東卷） Athat Bthere Cwhich Dwhere Key:D4. Ill give you my

27、friends home address, _I can be reached most evenings. (2008年北京卷) A. which B. when C. whom D. whereKey: D(三） why 表示原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀 語(yǔ)，其先行詞只有表示原因的reason 一詞 注意：先行詞reason后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，若定語(yǔ)從句中缺少原因狀語(yǔ)，則用why引導(dǎo)；若缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或which引導(dǎo)。 (1) We dont know the reason why he hasnt come to the party. (He hasnt come to the

28、party for the reason.) (2) Can you tell me the reason why your sister cried just now? (Your sister cried just now for the reason.)1. The reason _he was late was that he had a bad accident on the way to school. A .why B. because C. that D. whichkey：A2. Is this the reason _at the meeting for his carel

29、essness in his work? (2002上海) A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained Key: A (explain the reason for）五、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開，可修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或代詞常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開，可修飾主句中的某一個(gè)詞，也可以修飾整個(gè)句子;修飾整個(gè)句子時(shí)，用which引導(dǎo)This is the place where we used to work.We are goin

30、g to spend our holiday in Guilin, where we have some friends.The weather which is fine makes us happy. The weather turned out to be fine, which was more than we had expected.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，一般不可缺少非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，只是一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，去掉也可以The woman who lives next door is a doctor.My brother Jim, who lives in L

31、ondon, is a doctor.限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句都是限制性的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞在任何情況下都不能省略， 且不能由that 引導(dǎo)The umbrella (that) you are holding is mine. The weather turned out to be fine, which made us happy.限制性定語(yǔ)從句翻譯時(shí)一般提前，譯為帶“的”的句子非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常譯成并列句或獨(dú)立句，位置可不變（即可以不提前）Who is the man that is standing by

32、the door? 站在門旁邊的那個(gè)男人是誰(shuí)？ Li Pings father , who works in a factory, is an engineer. 李平的爸爸是一位工程師，他在一家工廠工作。1. My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. (2009全國(guó)17)A. which B. that C. where D. itKey: A2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course , made th

33、e others envy him . (2004天津) A. who B. that C. what D. whichKey: D六、that 和 which 的用法只用 which 而不用that 的情況1. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) He was very rude to Customs officer, which made things even worse.2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中緊接在介詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. 3. 先行詞本身為that時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)用whichWhats

34、that which flashed in the sky just now?4. 先行詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)Here is an English grammar book which, as I told you, will help you improve your English.只用 that 而不用 which 的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞（all, little, much,none,everything,something, anything, nothing 等）或被不定代詞（all, every, some, any, no, little, much, few等）修飾時(shí)Thats

35、all that I want to say.2.當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the just, the last 修飾時(shí)This is the very English-Chinese dictionary that I want to buy.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)Paris is one of the most beautiful cities that I have visited.4. 當(dāng)人和物同時(shí)作先行詞時(shí)The thing and the person that they are talking about is very importa

36、nt.5.先行詞（無(wú)論指人還是指物）作表語(yǔ)或關(guān)系代詞本身作從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)Our village is no longer the place that it used to be.1. Finally, the thief handed everything _he had stolen to the police. （1987全國(guó)） A. which B. what C. whatever D. that Key: D2. Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. （2

37、014陜西卷） A. thatB. which C. asD. whatKey: A3. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. (2010 全國(guó)卷1 )A. which B. where C. what D. that Key: A4. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. (2004北京春招) A. it B. that C. this D. which Key: D七、

38、as 和 which 的區(qū)別aswhichas引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般代表整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)既可以代表整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，又可以代表主句中的某個(gè)詞或詞組Taiwan, as is known to everyone, is a part of China.Nothing is more important to us than the sun, which gives light and heat.as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前或之后which 引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后As we all know, Shakespeare is a famous writer.

39、 He said he was a millionaire, which wasnt true.aswhichas 代表前面全句意思時(shí)，有“正如”、“就像”的含義，而which沒(méi)有此含義 定語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí)，用which而不用as He won the first prize in the match, as we had expected.This old man always looks down upon me, which I cant bear.as可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常用于suchas，the sameas結(jié)構(gòu)中當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句是主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，常用which 引導(dǎo) Let child

40、ren read such books as will make them better and wiser.She is always late for school , which makes our headteacher very angry.as常用于as has been said, as is well-known, as we know, as we can see等結(jié)構(gòu)中，而which不能 This kind of computer, as is well-known, is out of date.1. The Science Museum, _ we visited du

41、ring a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. ( 2008年江蘇卷) A. whichB. what C. thatD. where key: A2. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. (2007年上海卷) A. which B. that C. where D. itKey: A3. The Beatles, _many of you are old enough to

42、 remember, came from Liverpool. (2006天津卷) A. what B. that C. how D. as Key: D4. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.(2004北京) A. It B. As C. ThatD. WhatKey: B八、“介詞+ which/whom” 結(jié)構(gòu)(一）“介詞+ which” 在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間、地 點(diǎn)、原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞when、 where、 why (1) I still rem

43、ember the day on which （=when) I won the first prize. (2) We are going to visit the place in which(=where)Lu Xun once lived. (3) I had told them the reason for which (=why) I didnt attend the meeting. 1. Is this the house _Shakespeare was born? （1988全國(guó)） A. at where B. which C. in which D. at whichKe

44、y: C 2. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction _she had come. (2006重慶卷) A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from whichKey: D(二）most/neither/both/比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)/ 數(shù) 詞/不定代詞 + of +which/whom (做定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 與先行詞構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系) (1)I bought a

45、lot of books last Sunday, some of which are about computer. (=and some of them） (2) She has two daughters, both of whom become doctors. （=and both of them）1. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. (2009全國(guó)28) A. them B. who C. whom D. theseKey: C2. The growing speed of a

46、 plant is influenced by a number of factors, _are beyond our control.( 2008年湖南卷)A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of thatKey:B3. There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. (2004湖北) Athe larger Bthe larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which Key

47、: D(三）“介詞+which+不定式”相當(dāng)于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化的 定語(yǔ)從句 She found something with which to write.(=which she could write with).（四）復(fù)合介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)把先行詞與從句隔開 He lived in a new house, in front of which there is a river. （五）after + which (表事情發(fā)展的時(shí)間順序)1. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing Un

48、iversity. (2007年江蘇卷) A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in thatKey: A2. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. (2007年遼寧卷)A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after thisKey: B注意： 1. 應(yīng)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句后面的動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系來(lái)選擇介詞 (1)The pen on which I spent 20 y

49、uan is lost. (2)This is the house in which we lived last year. 2. 固定詞組中的介詞不可提前 (1)The man (who/whom/that) he is looking after is his father. (2)This is the watch (that/which) I am looking for.九、定語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn) (一）關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由先行詞決定 (1)I dont like the person who is arrogant. (2)I dont like those w

50、ho _are_ arrogant.特例：(1)He is one of the students who are late.(2)He is the only one of the students who is late.This is the only one of the students _ the truthA that knows B that know C who know D which knows key: A the only one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 是先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(二) 先行詞是way, 意為“方式、方法”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有that、in which和省略三種情況 I dont like the way you speak to her. = I dont like the way that you speak to he