874380905當(dāng)今汽車面臨的挑戰(zhàn)畢業(yè)設(shè)計中英文翻譯

1、當(dāng)今汽車面臨的挑戰(zhàn)自上世紀(jì)下半葉，中東石油危機導(dǎo)致世界性油荒，以及石油系不可再生資源，迫使世界上幾乎所有著名汽車制造廠商都在加速研制“低油耗、低價格，小排量、小車身”一般發(fā)展中國家老百姓都能買得起的轎車。事實上“二低二小”轎車（國人謂之“經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車”）并不是臨時應(yīng)付窮人的權(quán)宜之計，而是為了節(jié)約能源、減少污染、少占行車空間及停車用地，在有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的同時，社會效益的意義更大。發(fā)達(dá)國家?guī)资陙硪恢睕]有停止過此類車的研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)，汽車大國日、英、德、法、意、韓的低排量汽車市場一直占據(jù)汽車市場50%左右。波蘭、捷克和前南斯拉夫等國的市場比例更高，經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車達(dá)到80%以上。早在上世紀(jì)的五十年代，日本政府就公

2、布了“輕四輪法”，規(guī)定此檔車不僅可以享受減稅、減保險金、免征過橋、過渡費、簡化車照、駕照手續(xù)等等。到了本世紀(jì)的今天，德國大眾汽車公司已推出節(jié)能型奧迪a2百公里油耗3l的lupo型轎車。意大利菲亞特汽車公司將在2002年出品的1.2l“punto”轎車，百公里油耗2.9l，售價1.2萬馬克（約人民幣5.2萬元）。此外福特的fiesta 、雷諾clio、日產(chǎn)micra等微型轎車都是風(fēng)靡世界的流行車型。由此可見，價格低廉、油耗低、小排量、輕污染、輕便靈活、用途廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車已成為全球汽車市場最受歡迎的車型之一，各國政府不僅在用車政策上網(wǎng)開一面，而且在各方面都加以大力鼓勵與有力扶持。經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車在汽車

3、分類中可分為a級車和b級車，a 級車的發(fā)動機排量通常在1.0l以下，車身總長度一般不超過3.5m，兩門，如韓國大宇matiz、日本鈴木alto等。b級車的發(fā)動機排量通常在1.0-1.5l之間，車長不超過3.75m，四門，性能比也較強，并有更多的車型變化，如雷諾clio、標(biāo)致206等。目前，西歐所產(chǎn)的a級的b級車總量約在430多萬輛，預(yù)計到2005年將達(dá)到500萬輛。在當(dāng)今亞洲地區(qū)a+b級車合計超過了300萬輛，預(yù)計到2005年合計生產(chǎn)量將達(dá)到400萬輛。南美地區(qū)2005年a+b級車合計將達(dá)到200萬輛。東歐地區(qū)2005年a+b級車合計將達(dá)到100萬輛左右。北美地區(qū)2005年b級車合計將達(dá)到20

4、萬輛以上。由此可略一斑，在未來石油資源走向枯渴貽盡的歲月中，小型車在世界各地不僅有快速走紅之勢，而且潛在市場之大，令人刮目相看振奮不已。在世界各國，經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車發(fā)展比較成功的無一不是切合本國國情為依據(jù)。但在現(xiàn)階段中國社會的汽車市場，由于受到地方保護(hù)主義、官僚主義歧視性車管政策和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益驅(qū)動的影響，小排量經(jīng)濟(jì)型汽車處處受到無理的“管、卡、壓、擠、限”，其生存發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)十分困難。這一逆世界潮流而動的行為在中國不知要橫行霸道到哪一天？！“窮闊”二字是中國轎車市場的最好寫照，按國人傳統(tǒng)的文化理念詮釋：四輪轎車=八人抬大轎，有多少人承認(rèn)轎車也是帶步工具？當(dāng)官的視其為權(quán)力權(quán)威權(quán)利的象征；發(fā)不義之財暴發(fā)戶視其為

5、成功的標(biāo)致；平頭百姓尤其是成千上萬的下崗工人視其為可望而不可及的夢想，這也許就是中國的國情所在。當(dāng)官的沒有理由不讓他坐高級轎車，否則有失尊嚴(yán)；經(jīng)商的不坐豪華轎車又如何“擺闊”？為彰顯政績“放衛(wèi)星”名日提升城市整體形象，地方政府官員當(dāng)然要在城市中驅(qū)逐“丟人現(xiàn)眼”的微型出租車，換型車大上特上大排量的出租車。其實在擺闊的背后是不傷自己一根毫發(fā)的“窮闊”，老百姓要的是實惠，而不是華而不實的“擺闊”。我們是否已到了“擺闊”的時候？眾所共知，我國人均gdp均為發(fā)達(dá)國家的百分之幾，有許多地區(qū)老百姓的溫飽問題都尚未解決，下崗或隱性下崗的人員幾千萬，貧富差距不是在縮小而是在越拉越大,社會地位有著天壤之別，其結(jié)果

6、直接構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重的社會性問題。因此,今天無論從何種層面上看,未來十年乃至十五年縱使老百姓富了起來,中國社會需要的仍然是一般老百姓能買得起用得起的經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車。我國雖地大但并不物博。據(jù)一九九九年資料顯示，我國每年的石油需求量達(dá)億噸左右，其中原油進(jìn)口量的比例在以上，而在八十年代我國還是石油出口大國。這一角色的轉(zhuǎn)換再一次向國人發(fā)出警告：石油這一戰(zhàn)略性資源的危機將對國家安全構(gòu)成威脅。尤其是今年連續(xù)不斷飚升的油價，雖有時髦說法-與國際水平接軌，但人家老外口袋中有幾兩銀子，我們口袋有幾文銀子；人家有漲有跌，我們是只漲不跌，這里大家都心知肚明，無須多費筆墨。盡管嚴(yán)酷的事實如此，我們幾乎所有微型車生產(chǎn)廠家都感到了

7、生存的壓力，微型轎車持續(xù)幾年呈下滑趨勢，今年全年微型轎車產(chǎn)銷降幅在10百分點以下已成定局，且無回天之力。鑒于微型車幾年來所處的尷尬局面，目前上經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車的無論是“6”字頭還是“7”字頭生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，其產(chǎn)品的性能比與中級轎車相差無幾，大多數(shù)排量都在1.5l或1.5l以上，以適應(yīng)城市出租車市場的需要?？磥砦⑿娃I車要得到正真發(fā)展，不僅只有等到“燃油稅”開征之日，而且還有等于大批量“官車”沒落之時，才能“翻身解放”。我國城市污染在世界的排行榜上也是赫赫有名，其中除煙塵外，大排量汽車尾氣排放成為重要的污染源。但在我國的各大城市不僅不限制大排量的轎車，反而鼓勵其無節(jié)制地發(fā)展。與此同時，卻毫不留情地擠壓淘汰微型

8、車。宣傳的目標(biāo)是治理、減少污染，采取的措施卻是加大污染。微型車比其它汽車的污染要輕得多，在汽車發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速與技術(shù)水平相當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下，排量在1.0l以下的微型車的廢氣量約為1.5l汽車的1/3。目前達(dá)到歐洲排放3號標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的微型轎車，對空氣所帶來的污染幾乎是微不足道。微型轎車的體形“三圍”較小，無論是處于動態(tài)或靜態(tài)的情況下，所占的空間只接近中高級轎車的一半。不言而喻，微型轎車對緩解城市停車場少、道路面積小的緊張狀況有很大的積極作用。目前整個汽車消費外部綜合環(huán)境、環(huán)保要求、實際購買力、生產(chǎn)廠家的產(chǎn)品實際開發(fā)能力等諸多因素的影響和制約，家庭汽車消費市場進(jìn)入成長期的前期，決定著微型轎車真正進(jìn)入中國百姓家庭仍有

9、一段艱辛的路要走。盡管今天中國汽車市場與世界汽車市場有不合拍的地方很多，但相信在不遠(yuǎn)的將來，總會平整融入到世界潮流之中，微型化、節(jié)能化、環(huán)?；⒔?jīng)濟(jì)化的經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車必定占據(jù)主流車型，這也是由中國國情所決定的。the challenge of todays carssince the last half of the century, the middle east oil crisis led to a worldwide shortage of oil and of petroleum series of non-renewable resources, forcing almost all

10、the worlds leading automobile manufacturers are in the accelerated development of low fuel consumption, low cost, small displacement, small car ordinary people in developing countries can afford cars. in fact, two low two small car (people that the economy car) is not a temporary expedient to meet t

11、he poor, but to save energy, reduce pollution, less road space and parking space accounted for in cost-effective the same time, greater social significance. developed countries for decades has not stopped the development and production of such cars, japanese auto major powers, britain, germany, fran

12、ce, italy, south koreas low-emission car market car market has been dominated by about 50%. poland, the czech republic and the former yugoslavia and other countries a higher market share, economic cars more than 80%. back in the fifties of the last century, the japanese government announced the ligh

13、t 4 act, the provisions of this file can not only enjoy the tax vehicle, less insurance, exempt from the bridge, the transition costs, simplify ju zhao, drivers license procedures, etc. and so on. by the century, the german volkswagen has introduced energy-efficient audi a2 3l of lupo 100 km fuel co

14、nsumption cars. fiat of italy in 2002 produced 1.2l punto car, 100 km fuel consumption of 2.9l, priced at 12,000 marks (about 52 thousand yuan). in addition, ford fiesta, renault clio, nissan micra and other micro-cars are popular in the world of popular models. thus, low cost, low fuel consumption,

15、 low-emission, light pollution, light and flexible, uses a wide range of economic cars has become a global car market one of the most popular models, governments not only in the car on the lenient policy , and in all respects to be strongly encouraged and strong support. economic car in the car cate

16、gory can be divided into a-class and b class, a class 1.0l engine displacement is usually less than the total body length of not more than 3.5m, 2, such as the daewoo matiz, suzuki japan alto and so on. b-class engine displacement is usually between 1.0-1.5l, drivers no more than 3.75m, four-door, p

17、erformance ratio is also stronger and have more models change, such as the renault clio, peugeot 206 and so on. currently, western europe, produced by a-b-class is about more than 430 million total is expected to reach 5 million by 2005. in todays asia, class a + b together more than three million,

18、is expected to total production in 2005 will reach 4 million. south america 2005, class a + b together to reach 2 million. eastern europe in 2005 class a + b combined will reach 100 million units. north american b-class car in 2005 will total 20 million units. this may be slightly evident, the oil r

19、esources in the future try to dry thirsty yi years, the small car is not only fast in popularity around the world trend, and the potential market for large, impressive excited. country in the world, economic cars without exception, the development of more successful suit based on its national condit

20、ions. but at this stage of chinese society car market, due to local protectionism, bureaucracy, discrimination vehicle administration policy and economic benefits of small displacement cars everywhere by economic unreasonable pipe, card, pressure, squeezing, limited the survival and development of s

21、tate very difficult. the behavior of moving against the world trend in china, i do not know to ride roughshod to the day? ! poor w word is the best reflection of chinas car market, according to chinese traditional culture concept interpretation: four cars carrying taijiao = eight, how many people re

22、cognize the car is also a tool with a step? government officials view them as a symbol of the power authority of the rights; made ill-gotten gains upstart view them as successful peugeot; the common people especially the tens of thousands of laid-off workers view them as elusive dream, this may wher

23、e is chinas national conditions. government officials have no reason to not let him sit limousine, or humiliating; doing business do not take the luxury car, how ostentatious? to highlight achievements satellite - name date enhance the overall image of the city, local government officials in the cit

24、y, the expulsion of course, disgraceful the mini-cab, for the model congress, especially on the large displacement of the taxi. in fact, the ostentatious do not hurt themselves behind a scratching of poor kuo, people want is affordable, not flashy ostentatious. we have to ostentatious in time? known

25、 to everyone, chinas per capita gdp are percentage of developed countries, there are people in many parts of the food and clothing remain to be resolved, the laid-off or hidden hundreds of millions of laid-off workers, the wealth gap is not narrowing but widening larger, fundamentally different soci

26、al status, the results of direct form of serious social problems. therefore, today no matter what level, the next decades or even fifteen years even if the rich people up, the chinese society is still in need ordinary people can afford to buy a car with affordable economy. chinas large but it does n

27、ot matter though to bo. according to 1999 statistics, chinas annual oil demand of 1.5 million tons, of which the proportion of crude oil imports more than 20%, while in the eighties or the oil-exporting countries in china. the role of the conversion again issued a warning to the people: the oil cris

28、is of the strategic resources would pose a threat to national security. in particular the continuous soaring of oil prices this year, although the stylish way - into line with international standards, but pockets of a few people foreigner two silver, our pocket money several culture; people up and d

29、own, we are only up not down here we all know, is no more pen and ink costs. despite the grim fact that, we almost all the micro-car manufacturers are feeling the pressure of survival, micro car continued downward trend in recent years, mini-car sales this year fell 10 percent less a foregone conclusion, and no huitianzhili . mini cars for several years in view of the embarrassing situation in which, at present, on both economic cars 6 prefix or 7 prefix production enterprises, the performance of their products is almost the same compared with th