現在完成時態(tài)講解及練習

1、在 完 成 時 態(tài) 講解及一、現在完成時的構成 肯定句： 主語+have/ has + done 過（ 去分詞 ）+其它He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.一般疑問句： Have/ Has +主語+ done （過去分詞 ）+其它Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?否定句: 主語+have/ has+ not + done 過（ 去分詞 ）+其它He has not finished his homework.過去分詞的構成方法如下 :1. 一般情況下，直接在動詞原形后面加 ed. work-worked answer

2、-answered obey-obeyed want-wanted 2.以不發(fā)音的 -e 結尾的動詞只加 d.Move-moved hope-hoped divide-divided3.字尾是輔音 +y 的動詞。則將 y 改 i 加 ed.study-studied tidy-tidied satisfy-satisfied4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的詞，這些詞的末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加ed.stop-stopped regret- regretted drop-dropped不規(guī)則動詞過去式與過去分詞分類記憶表6.教teachtaughttaught3) 過去式、過去分詞

3、-t 替換原形 -d1.花費costcostcost2.割cutcutcut3.傷害hurthurthurt4.讓letletlet5.放putputput6.朗讀readreadread7.設置setsetset8.打擊，碰撞hithithit9.關上門窗shutshutshut10.讓letletlet、 AAA. (原形，過去式和過去分詞一致)7.建筑buildbuiltbuilt8.借出lendlentlent9.花費spendspentspent10.派遣sendsentsent4) 過去式、過去分詞在原形詞尾加 t 或 d二、 ABB(過去式和過去分詞一致)1) 過去式、過去分詞含

4、有 -ought1.帶來bringbrough tbrough t2.買buyboughtbought3.打架fightfoughtfought4.想thinkthough tthough t5.尋找、探究seeksoughtsought11學會learnlearnt/e dlearnt/ed12意思meanmeantmeant13燃燒burnburnt/edburnted13做夢dreamdreamt/e ddreamt/ed13處理dealdealtdealt14聽hearheardheard5) 過去式、過去分詞改為 -ept15.保持keepkeptkept16.睡覺sleepslep

5、tslept17.掃sweepsweptswept6) 過去式、過去分詞改為 -elt5.抓住catchcaughtcaught2) 過去式、過去分詞含有 -aught18.感覺feelfeltfel19.嗅smellsmelt/edsmelt/ed20.拼寫spellspelt/edspelt/ed3. 跑 run ran run 四、 ABC (原形、過去式、過去分詞各不一樣) 1). 過去分詞在過去式或原形后加 -n 或 -en7) 過去式、過去分詞改為 -aid20.孵蛋l(fā)aylaidlaid21.說saysaidsaid22.支付paypaidpaid8) 過去式、過去分詞改為 -o

6、ld23.賣sellsoldsold24.告訴telltoldtold9) 過去式、過去分詞改為 -ood25站standstoodstood26明白understan dunderstoodunderstood27. 得到getgotgot(gotten)28. 坐sitsatsat29. 照顧babysitbabysatbabysat30. 離開leaveleftleft31. 失去loselostlost32. 找到findfoundfound33. 有have(has)hadhad34. 握住， 召開holdheldheld35. 制造makemademade36. 懸掛hanghun

7、ghung37. 照耀shineshoneshone39. 贏winwonwon40 逃跑fleefledfled41 喂feedfedfed42. 引導， 導致leadledled43 遇見meetmetmet10) 其它變化1.擊敗beatbeatbeaten2.破壞breakbrokebroken3.駕駛drivedrovedriven4.吃eatateeaten5.落下fallfellfallen6.給givegavegiven7.生長growgrewgrown8.知道knowknewknown9.吹blowblewblown10.扔throwthrewthrown11.展示shows

8、howedshown12.弄錯mistak emistoo kmistake n13.拿taketooktaken14.搖動shakeshookshaken15.說speakspokespoken16.選擇choosechosechosen1.變成becamebecomebecome2.來comecamecome、 ABA (過去式與原形一致)1是be(is, am; are)was; werebeen2開始beginbeganbegun3做dodidDone4喝drinkdrankdrunk5飛flyflewflown6忘記forgetforgotforgot/forgotten7躺liel

9、aylain8騎rideroderidden9打電話ringrangrung10唱singsangsung11穿wearworeworn12游泳swimswanswum13寫writewrotewritten14去gowentgone2) 三種形式都有變化、現在完成時標志詞：recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+ 時間段； in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; eve

10、r; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already （已經 ）: 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter . yet（已經 ）: 用于否定句 ,疑問句He hasn t done his homework yet.just（剛剛）They have just left.ever（曾經）Have you ever been to Beijing ?never（從不）I have never seen him . before（以前）Have you seen the film before? si

11、nce（自從以來）I ve worked in the school sin c1e999. for（長達）He s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ year在s（ 過去的 ） recently（最近）I have not written to my parents recently.so far（到目前為止 ）So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now（到目前為止 ）this morning/month/year（今天早上 /這個月 /今年 ）

12、三、現在完成時的用法1） 現在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作 , 并對現在有影響。常與 already（ 已經 ）, yet（ 已經 ）, just（ 剛剛）,ever（ 曾經）等詞連用 .Already ， yet 的用法already: 常用于肯定句中 . yet: 常用于否定句 , 疑問句尾 . Someone has broken the window. 窗（ 戶現在是壞的 ）I have already lost the key. （ 我現在沒有鑰匙 ）I haven t read that booekt .y （不了解書的內容 ）I have just cleaned my hands.

13、 （ 手是干凈的 ）3） 現在完成時表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與for, since 引導的時間短語或從句連用 .since , for 的用法 : since: （自以來 ） 1）since+時間點He has stayed here since 5o clock.2）since+ 時間段 + agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3）since+ 從句for: （ 長達） for+ 時間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks. She has learned English for 5 years. He

14、has lived in Beijing since he was born . Have you stayed here since 3 o clock?四、have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been in have /has been to 曾經去過某地，人已經回來了 have /has gone to去 了某地，人還沒回來 have /has been in 去了某地并一直待在那1. 我去過上海。 I have been to Shanghai twice.2. -Where is Jim？ -He has gone to Engl

15、and（尚未回來）3. I have been in Shanghai for three years 我到上海已有三年了。1、現在完成時的 完成用法 現在完成時的 完成用法 指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結束，但該動作對現在產 生了影響，與現在情況具有因果關系。例如： He has turned off the light. 他已把燈關了。（ 動作結束于過去，但說明的是現在的情況 - 燈現在不亮了。 ）現在完成時 完成用法 的特點是動作不延續(xù)，因此，該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間 狀語 （ 如： already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ） 、頻度時間狀語 （

16、 如： never ， ever ， once 等 ） 、包括現在時刻在內的時間狀語 （ 如： this morning / month / year. ， today 等 ） 連用。例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？2、現在完成時的 未完成用法 現在完成時的 未完成用法 指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現在，或可能 還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here自. 從 1978 年以來，他一直住在這兒。（ 動作起始于 1978 年，一直住到現在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。

17、 ）2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我 在部隊已經呆了五年多了。（ 動作開始于 5 年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。 ）此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語 （ 由 since 或 for 引導 ） ，或表示與現在 時刻相連的時間狀語 （ 如： up to now ， so far 到目前為止 ） 等。例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。3. 瞬間動詞不能和時間段連用，瞬間動詞轉換成延續(xù)性動詞：把動作換成狀態(tài)動作狀態(tài)動作狀態(tài)diebe

18、 deadbeginbe onborrow/buykept/hadend/finishbe overleavebe awayjoinbe inarrivebe heremarrybe married例如：1.他的爺爺已經去世 2 年了。 His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.2.Nick 參軍 3 年了. Nick has been in the army for 3 years3. 他離開深圳好長時間了。 He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.4. 這本書我已借了 4 個月了 I have had/

19、kept the book for 4 months.五、現在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別(1) 一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式，而現在完成時的謂語基本構成是 助動詞 have /has + 過去分詞 。如： The film started at 7 oclock. He has been a teacher for many years.(2) 一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用 。如： yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ； 而現在完成時則常與 just, already, ever, never 等副詞和 th

20、ese days, this week, since., for./since.ago/ up to now/so far等 表示 一段時間的狀語 連用。(3 ) 一般過去時表示過去 某個時間 發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側重點 只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調對 現在 產生的影響。如：He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年參觀過桂林。 ( 只說明去桂林的時間 ) (4)現在完成時表示 動作發(fā)生在過去，對現在造成了影響或產生了結果 。 不與確定的過去時間 狀語連用。如： Jill has bought a new computer. 吉爾買了一臺

21、新電腦。 ( 著重點是現在有了一臺新電腦 ) 看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？(A) Have you seen the film?(B)Did you see the film?說明 你看過這部電影嗎？(A) 句強調的是被問者對劇情是否了解；(B) 句強調的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強調是否知道其內容。(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years. 說明 他在北京住了 8 年。(A) 句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了 8 年，可能還會繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B) 句講的是他在北京住過

22、 8 年，現在不在北京了。練習一、抄寫動詞以及過去式和過去分詞。1. be-2. come-3. go-4. do-5. have-6. drink-7. give-8. eat-9. know-10. run-11. say-12. see-13. find-15. get-16. hear-_17. begin-_18. buy-_19. leave-_20 become 21 break -_22 bring -_23 build -_24 bite -_25 catch -_26 choose -27 cut -28 fall -14. draw-29 fly -30 forget31

23、 grow 32 hit -_33 hurt -35 lend -_36 lose 37 meet -38 put -_39 read -40 ring -_34 keep -二、用 for 或 since 填空1. Mr. Brown has had his TV 15 years.2. I ve taken driving lessons last month.3. My sister has had her cell phone a month .4. My friends haven t visited me my birthday.5. We havent used our car

24、a long time .6. She hasnt had a good cup of coffee years.7. Tom has worn glasses he was 7 years old.8. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.9. Mr. Jason has been in Paris three days.10. My aunt has lived in Australia15days.11. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 o clock.12. India has been an

25、independent country 1974.13. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.14. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.三、改寫句子，使原句的意思不變，每空一詞。1. The English professor arrived here about a week agoThe English professor here for about a week .2. Her husband started

26、 to work on the farm three hours ago .Her husband on the farm for three hours .3. The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here .The French musician China for a month .4. He joined the army in 1985 .He the army 1985 .5. He joined the League half a year ago .He has been a League

27、 half a year .6. The bus left five minutes ago .The bus already for five minutes .7. The girl bought a new school bag in September .The girl the school bag since September .8. The shop closed last winter .The shop since last winter .9. The film began ten minutes ago .The film for ten minutes .10. Th

28、e dog died two days ago .The dog for two days .11. The meeting ended last month .The meeting for a month .四、用 have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：1. Where is your brother? He the shop. He ll be back soon.2. you ever to America? Yes, I New York twice.3. Here you are at last! Where you ? I London.4.

29、David Australia.Im sure he s already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he the school library. He left five minutesago.五、用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. I (wait) for him for two hours . I am very angry.2. He (be) a doctor since he was twenty.3. The film (be) on for fifteen minutes.4. you ever (read) that book before?5. y

30、ou ever (try) to change her?6. No one (arrive) here yet.7. the bus (leave) yet?8. I (not talk) to him yet.9. I already (make) the bed.10. They just (go). They will be back soon.11. When you (meet) him ? Last night or this morning?12. She (not come) here recently .13. She (never see) the man before .

31、14. I (meet) him before, but I forget his name.15. It is eleven oclock . He (not come) back yet.16. He (write) five stories so far .17. She (be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much.18. she (call) on you lately ?選擇題1、Bothhis parentslook sadMaybethey _whatshappened tohim .A.knewB. ha

32、ve knownC. mustknowD. will know2、Hehas _ been toShanghai , hashe ?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD. still3、 Have youmet Mr Li ？A.justB. agoC.beforeD.a moment ago4、The famous writer one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written5、 Our country a lot so far .Yes . I hope

33、 it will be even .A. haschanged ; wellC. haschanged ; better6、Zhao Lan already A. was ; studying studied7、We Xiao Li sinceA. know have known D.in this school for two years .B. will ; studyC. hasD. are ; studyingshe was a littlegirl .B. had knownCB. changed ; goodD.changed ; betterknew it twice .A. w

34、illsee9、 ThesefarmersReally ? When _A.C. do they go one10、 you _ your Yes . I itA. Did ; do ; finished done ; finishedC. Have ; done ; have finishB. haveD. see have been there ?will theyseento thegohomeworkyet ?a moment ago .finishedC.sawUnitedStates .B.didtheygoD.havetheygB. HaveD. will ; do ;8、Har

35、ry Potter is a very nice film .I_11、His father A. joined_ theParty since1978 .B. has joinedC. wasinD.hasbeen in12、 Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. havebecome D. have made13、 How long have you here ?About two months .A.beenB. goneC.comeD.arrived14、Hurryup! Theplay _ fortenminutes .A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeen onD.began15、It tenyearssinceheleftthearmy