讓步狀語(yǔ)從句用法歸納.doc

學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考SDN讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句是狀語(yǔ)從句中的一種，其本身也是狀語(yǔ)從句。一般翻譯為“盡管”或“即使”，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f(shuō)”的感覺(jué)。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有以下這些：though,although,while,as; even if,even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑問(wèn)詞，疑問(wèn)詞-ever，regardless of+名詞/名詞短語(yǔ)/名詞從句，despite，in spite of。切記although，though 不可與but連用，但可以與still和yet連用。though,although表示“雖然，縱然”之意。這兩個(gè)連詞意思大致相同，在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語(yǔ)中，though較常使用，although比though正式，二者都可與yet,still或never，the less連用，但不能與but連用。例如：My will remains firm though I must lower my physical sights.盡管我得降低體育（鍛煉）的目標(biāo)，但我的意志是堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的。Though I believe it,yet I must consider.盡管我相信這一點(diǎn)，但我還得考慮考慮。Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working.雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續(xù)工作。Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong.他雖然年紀(jì)大了，身體還很健壯。值得注意的是，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前的情況較多，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學(xué)習(xí)，考試卻及格了。as,though表示“雖然但是”，“縱使”之意。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形，though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但although不可以這樣用。例如：Object as you may,Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object,Ill go.)縱使你反對(duì)，我也要去。Hard as/ though he works,he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.）盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但幾乎沒(méi)取得什么進(jìn)步。Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.）雖然他是一個(gè)孩子，但他知道該做什么。Fast as you read,you cant finish the book so soon.縱然你讀得快，你也不能這么快讀完這本書(shū)。Lover of towns as I am ,I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.盡管我愛(ài)城市，但我知道，以往的鄉(xiāng)村生活使我受益匪淺。Small as atome are,they are made up of still samller units.盡管原子很小，但它們由更小的單位構(gòu)成。even if,even though 表示“即使”，“縱使”之意，含有一種假設(shè)。這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同。它們?；Q使用，但意義有細(xì)微差別。even if引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性，可用來(lái)表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，但不能用來(lái)描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí)。而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的，即說(shuō)話人肯定了從句的事實(shí)，表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事。例如：Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天氣不好，我們也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor,she loves him. (=He may be poor,yet she loves him.）即使他很窮，但她還是愛(ài)他。Even though he is poor,she loves him. (=He is poor,yet she loves him.）盡管他很窮，但她還是愛(ài)他。He seemed youthful even though he was an old man. 盡管他已經(jīng)是老年人，但看上去仍然是朝氣蓬勃的。You must come in if its only a minute. 你一定要進(jìn)來(lái)，哪怕就一分鐘呢。whether.or.表示“不論是否”，“不管是還是”之意。由這一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句旨在說(shuō)明正反兩方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果，所以它的語(yǔ)氣是比較強(qiáng)烈的，從而也更加堅(jiān)定了主句的內(nèi)容。例如：Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.不管你忙不忙，都要參加這個(gè)典禮。Whether you believe it or not,its true. 無(wú)論你是否相信，這都是真的。Whether or not they win this battle,they wont win the war.不管他們是否能贏得這次戰(zhàn)役，他們絕不會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。1“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”或“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”的含義為“都；不管都”它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以互換。例如：No matter what happened,he would not mind. (=Whatever happened,he would not mind.)無(wú)論發(fā)生了什么事情，他都不會(huì)介意的。No matter who you are,you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are,you must keep the law.不管你是誰(shuí)，你都需要遵紀(jì)守法。When anyone does something for you,no matter how small and no matter whether hes a superior or servant,its proper to say“Thank you”.只要任何人替你做了一件事，不管事情多么微不足道，也不管他是你的上司還是你的仆人，你都應(yīng)該說(shuō)聲“謝謝”。但“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如：Whatever (=No matter what) you say,I wont believe you. (Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)句）無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么，我都不會(huì)相信你。Ill eat whatever （no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句）你給我吃什么，我就吃什么。Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句) 不管誰(shuí)來(lái)都受到歡迎。此外，有時(shí)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但一般要位于句首。例如：While I like the colour,I dont like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色，但不喜歡那形狀。綜上所述，我們可以看出，學(xué)習(xí)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選用；其次，要注意的是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示：雖然，盡管，即使等概念，由although,though（盡管，即使），however（無(wú)論怎樣），whatever（無(wú)論什么），whoever（無(wú)論誰(shuí)），whomever（無(wú)論誰(shuí)），whichever（無(wú)論哪個(gè)），whenever（無(wú)論何時(shí)），wherever（無(wú)論哪里），whether（是否），no matter (who,what,where,when,etc) （無(wú)論），even if（即使），even though（即使）等詞引導(dǎo)。如：We wont be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。It was an exciting game,though / although no goals were scored.那是一場(chǎng)精彩的球賽，盡管一個(gè)球都沒(méi)進(jìn)。（though,although不能與 but連用）Whether you believe it or not,its true.不管你信不信，這是真的。However (=No matter how) expensive it may be,Ill take it.無(wú)論它有多貴，我也要買(mǎi)下它。Dont let them in,whoever(=no matter who) they are.不管他們是誰(shuí)，別讓他們進(jìn)來(lái)。No matter what I say or how I say it,he always thinks Im wrong.無(wú)論我說(shuō)什么或怎么說(shuō)，他總認(rèn)為是我錯(cuò)。語(yǔ)法小貼士1. no matterwhat（who，which，when，etc.）與whatever（whoever，whichever，whenever，etc.）的區(qū)別：當(dāng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，兩者相同，可以互換，但當(dāng)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）時(shí)則只能用whatever（whoever，whichever，whenever，etc）。如上面最后兩個(gè)例句可改為：However pure the water looks,I do not want to drink it.I want to marry the man I love,no matter who he may be.下面句子不能用no matter結(jié)構(gòu)（no matter不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句）：Whoever comes back first is supposed to win the prize.（主語(yǔ)從句）I am ready to do whatever you want me to .（賓語(yǔ)從句）例證： Whatever you did,I will accept.為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句.I will accept whatever you did.為賓語(yǔ)從句.2. as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，as意為“雖然，盡管”，通常從句要倒裝，倒裝的方法是將從句的表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)放在as之前，而用though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)句字則不必倒裝（口語(yǔ)中也可倒裝）。e.g. Heavily as it was raining outside,they started out very early.Young as he is,he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is,he.他雖然年輕，但懂得很多。（though 也有這種用法，可以替換as，但although沒(méi)有這種用法）注意，名詞提句首時(shí)，不加冠詞：e.g：teacher as he is,he likes Chinese very much(teacher 前不加a或the）。though還可以用作副詞，放在句末。如：It was hard work; I enjoyed it,though=It was hard work,but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦，但是我喜歡干。3.用though/although,as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句中不能用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣。不能說(shuō)：Though he looks weak,but he is healthy.而要說(shuō)：Though he looks weak,he is healthy.或者說(shuō)：He looks weak,but he is healthy.我自己認(rèn)為讓步就是存在一定條件下的說(shuō)法.4 . however 用作副詞，不可連接句子。但可置于第二句的句首、句末或句中。要特別注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用。eg: Alice is a good studentHowever,she has one shortcoming愛(ài)麗絲是一個(gè)很好的學(xué)生，但她仍有缺點(diǎn)。He has not arrived. He may,however,come later. The composition is all right. There is room for improvement,however. 除以上提到的從句連詞外，表示讓步的介詞短語(yǔ)有despite,in spite of，后接名詞。eg. Despite all these facts,we cannot ignore the advantages of learning through internet.though和although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不可以與but連用。漢語(yǔ)中用雖然但是”，但英語(yǔ)中只用though，although或but即可