中考英語總復習八年級有語法賓語從句語法講解與中考真題練習

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載初中賓語從句詳解（有中考真題練習）I賓語從句的定義在復合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，在復合句中作主句謂語動詞.介詞或某些形容詞的賓語。賓語的概念：動作的對象或者內容Shesaidafewwords.Shesaidthatshewouldnotcometomyparty.（動詞后）Yoursuccesswilldependonyourhardwork.Yoursuccesswilllargelydependonwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.（介詞后）Iamsure(that)friedriceanddumplingswillbepopular.(形容詞)*常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有：sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised等II賓語從句三大塊:1.引導詞；2.賓語從句的語序；3.賓語從句的時態(tài)。Ⅰ.賓語從句的引導詞1.that引導的賓語從句that在賓語從句中無意義，不充當任何成分，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。這種賓語從句常常是陳述句變化而來的。如：Myteachersaid(that)Iwasagoodboy.什么是陳述句?Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.什么是陳述句?Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.Theteachersays,“Itisagoodbook.”Theteachersaysthatitisagoodbook.用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句:1.Iknow…1.Thisisabook.2.Shesays…（that）2.Youlikesinging.3.Tellyourfriend…3.Heworkedlastnight.4.Theywillgohome.5.JimhasbeentoBeijing.6.Shesingswell.溫馨提示：(了解一下哦)在下列情況下that作為引導詞不可省略。1.賓語從句前有插入語時；Itsays,ontheletter,thathisunclewillcomebackfromAmericanextweek.2.當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，此時第一個that可以省略，第二個以及其他的that不可以省略；Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingandthat(不省略)allthechildrenliketoreadit.3.當賓語從句中的主語是that時；Themansaidthatthatwasgoodnews.2.if或whether引導的賓語從句if或whether在句中不充當任何成分，只起到連接作用，但不能省略。意為“是否”。這種賓語從句常常是一般疑問句變化而來的。如：Iamnotsurewhether/ifthereareUFOs.Sheasked,“Jim,doyoulikeEnglish?”Sheaskedwhether/ifJimlikedEnglish(1)IsJimagoodstudent?Idon’tknowIdon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?把下列的簡單句變成復合句。1.Ishereading?(Iwanttoknow)____________________________________________________2.DidyouwatchTVyesterday?(Theteacherasks)____________________________________________________3.IshefromJapan?(Doyouknow)____________________________________________________4.Willhecomebacktomorrow?(I’mnotsure)____________________________________________________注意：只能用whether不用if的三種情況一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：①與ornot連用：HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.②在介詞之后：Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings③在不定式之前：Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.3.連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句連接代詞:who,whom,whose,what,which連接副詞:when,where,why,how考點這種賓語從句常常是特殊疑問句變化而來的。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。如：考點1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?將下列簡單句合成復合句。Whoishelookingfor?(Doyouknow…?)______________________________________________Whyistheplanelate?(Ididn’tknow…)______________________________________________HowcanIgettothezoo?(Couldyoutellme…?)_________________________________________Whenwillwehaveatest?(Theteacherdidn’ttellus…)_____________________________________Wherewillthemeetingbe?(Iaskedhim…)______________________________________________Whosewatchisthis?(Doesanybodyknow…?)___________________________________________Whataretheydoing?(Hedidn’ttellme…)______________________________________________Whichbookdoyoulikebest?(Couldyoutellme…?)_______________________________________如何考查賓語從句中的引導詞?如何考查賓語從句中的引導詞?練一練—Canyoutellme______itisfromhometoschool?—Sure.It’saboutthreekilometers.AhowmuchBhowlongChowfarDhowsoonIcan’tremember_____Iputthebook,andIneeditformyhomeworknow.AwhereBhowCwhatDwhy—Doyouknow_____WorldWaterDayis?—OnMarch22nd.AwhenBwhereCwhatDwhich—Doyouthink____XiaoMingcanpassthehighschoolentranceexamornot?—Sorry,I’venoidea.AthatBwhichCifDwhetherⅡ.賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序——引導詞+主語+謂語Ihearthatphysicsisn’teasy.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Whatdoeshelike?Iwonder__________________________注意事項:當從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作主語時，語序不變：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?e.g.:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?練一練Excuseme,Ilostmyway.Willyoupleasetellme______________?AWhereamIBwhereIamCwhereyouareDwhereareyouIreallywanttoknow__________________.AWhatiswrongwithmybrotherBhowwillhegotoBeijingtomorrowCifhadheboughtthatcarDwheredidhegoyesterdayCanyoutellme______inthefuture?AhowlifewillbelikeBhowwilllifebelikeCwhatlifewillbelikeDwhatwilllifebelikeⅢ.賓語從句的時態(tài)1.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來確定，可以是任何時態(tài)。

Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.特殊情況：1.從句說明的是一般真理.客觀事實.自然現(xiàn)象.名言時，任用現(xiàn)在時。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍然用一般過去時。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.[即學即練]Hesaidthatlight_____muchfasterthansound.AhastraveledBwenttravelsCtravelsDtraveled—Doyouknow_______atthistimeyesterday?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.AwhatsheisdoingBwhatwasshedoingCwhatshewasdoingDwhatisshedoing—Couldyoutellme______ZhangDaqianMuseum?—Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.AwhenwillyouvisitBwhenyouwillvisitCwhenyouwouldvisitDwhenwouldyouvisitThismorningmymotheraskedme_______________.AwhyheisnothereBwhereJuliawentlastweekendCwhattimeisDhowdidmybrotherdoitIII賓語從句的解題技巧根據(jù)語序.時態(tài).句意進行排除1）Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.when B.if C.whether D./答案：Dhope后面應該接that引導的賓語從句，that在句中沒有任何意義，可以省略。2)—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.why B.when C.how D.where答案：A從下文的答語看，上文不知道的應該是“來看我們的原因”。3)Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.A.whether B.why C.what D.how答案：A本句表達一種不確定的概念，用whether或if。4)—Doyouknow________？I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry，Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.Lilive B.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.Lilives D.whereMr.Lilived答案：C賓語從句要用陳述語氣，排除A.B兩項。從句意判斷問的是“現(xiàn)在住哪兒？”。5)—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer？—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.／；bought B.has；boughtC.did；buy D.does；buy答案：Adoyouthink是插入語，可以把它去掉，分析句意應該用應用過去時態(tài)和陳述語序。6)Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.A.that B.whether C.why D.where答案：C句意為“我不理解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。7)(2010北京中考大綱卷)—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayfor B.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidfor D.howmuchshewillpayfor答案：C賓語從句要用陳述語序，由此排除A.B兩項，由lastweek判斷應該用過去時態(tài)。8)(2010北京中考大綱卷)Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestarted B.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstart D.whenwillwestart答案：C由tomorrow判斷，應該用將來時態(tài)表示。IV賓語從句易錯題If是否引導賓語從句如果“主將從現(xiàn)”Idon’tknowifhe_____(come)tomorrow,ifhe______(come),Iwillcallyou.練一練Doyouknowif______backnextweek?Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.Ahecomes,willcomeBwillhecome,comesChewillcome,comesDwillhecome,willcomeNobodyknowswhen______tovisitourschool.Whenhecomes,he______thetruth.Ahecomes,willknowsBhewillcome,willknowChecomes,knowsDhewillcome,knowsIdon’tknowifshe______tomybirthdaypartytomorrow.Ifshe______,I’llbeveryhappy.Acomes,comesBwillcome,comesCcomes,willcomeDwillcome,willcome***根據(jù)語法的慣例,think,suppose,believe,imagine,guess等后的賓語從句如果是否定句,要把否定轉移到主句的think等動詞上,這叫做“否定前移”或“否定前置”.

如：Ithinkyoucannotgotherebybus.(誤)

Idon’tthinkyoucangotherebybus.（正）

我認為你不能乘坐公共汽車去那兒.經(jīng)典例題例1Inthebookshop，areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.that B.how C.what D.if思路解析：注意本句中斜體部分是一本書的名字《誰動了我的奶酪》，本句含義是“一個讀者問書店管理員這本書是不是有趣”。所以答案是D項。答案：D黑色陷阱：本題的主要陷阱是書名WhoMovedMyCheese它本身含有一個who,容易給人造成誤解。綠色通道：在英語中，注意書名一般都是斜體的，且書名的首字母是大寫的，注意把它看成一個獨立的完整的東西。例2Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathow B.howthat C.whenthat D.thatwhen思路解析：注意后面從句的含義是“比爾·蓋茨十三歲的時候開始玩電腦”，應該用when表示“當……時”，本句中的that是賓語從句的引導詞。所以選D項。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句結構復雜，主要陷阱設置在when上，它在本句中起到引導后面的時間狀語的作用。綠色通道：做此類題，要慢慢理順思路，不要鉆牛角尖，當一種含義說不通時，從另一個角度或另一個含義考慮。例3(2010江蘇蘇州中考)—Iwonder________.—Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimalsC.whattheycalltheseanimalsD.howdotheycalltheseanimals思路解析：本句含義是“我想知道他們叫這些動物什么”，排除B.D兩項。另外賓語從句要用陳述語序。所以選C項。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句容易譯成“他們怎樣稱呼這些動物”而錯選how，注意本句中隱含句型callsb.sth.含義是“稱呼某人……”。綠色通道：解答本類題首先分析句意，確定引導詞，然后看好語序和時態(tài)。例4(2010北京中考)I’mdifferentfrommytwinsister.Ilovedancing，________sheisinterestedinreading.A.so B.or C.but D.and思路解析：本句是轉折關系，選擇C項。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句陷阱在于選項前后都是肯定句形式，不細讀題而誤選D項。綠色通道：并列句主要是根據(jù)句意來判斷前后兩句的邏輯關系，所以一定要把題讀完再作判斷。例5(2010重慶中考)Workhard，________youmaycatchupwithyourclassmatessoon.A.or B.but C.and D.yet思路解析：本句是“祈使句＋and”的句型，句意為“努力學習，你會很快趕上其他同學的”，and在句中表示承接關系，所以選C項。答案：C黑色陷阱：本題的陷阱是句型，本句型區(qū)別于“祈使句＋or”，這個句型的含義是“……，不然的話/否則……”。綠色通道：祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析句意，再作決定賓語從句練習1.Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater_______?A．MumisneededB．doesMumneedC．MumneedsD．didMumneed2.Canyoutellme_______?A．whereheisB．whereisheC．heiswhereD．whatishe3.Ididn'tknowhow_______toLondon?A．wouldtheygoB．a(chǎn)retheygoingC．theywouldgoD．theyaregoing4.Iwanttoknowhowlong_______．A．hashebeenbackB．hashecomebackC．hehasbeenbackD．hehascomeback5.Doyouknow_______?A．whatthenewsareB．whatisthenewsC．whatthenewsisD．whatarethenews6.Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmymathifhe_______free.A．wasB．willbeC．wouldbeD．is7.Hewillwritetoyouassoonashe_______toShanghai．A．getsB．isgettingC．willgetD．shallget8.Father_______musicwhenhe_______youngA．liked…wasB．liked…isC．likes…wasD．likes…is9.Ilikedsports_______Iwasyoung．A．somuchasB．somuchthatC．verymuchwhenD．verymuchbecause10._______mothergothome，Iwastidyingmyroom．A．AfterB．WhenC．AssoonasD．Before11.Theteacherdidn'tbeginherclass_______thestudentsstoppedtalking．A．untilB．becauseC．a(chǎn)fterD．when12.Ifit_______tomorrow，we'llgototheGreatwall．A．doesn'trainB．won'trainC．notrainsD．isn'train13.Couldyoutellme_______wegettotheplane?A．howB．whetherC．whereD．what14.Whentheygottothecinema，thefilm_______forthetenminutes．A．hadbeenonB．hasbegunC．beganD．hadbegun15.Theteachersays_______shewillleaveamessageontheheadmaster'sdesk．A．ifB．whoC．thatD．what16.Lucylooksstronger_______Lily．A．thanB．a(chǎn)sC．thenD．notas17.Iknownothingaboutit_______hetoldme．A．becauseB．sinceC．untilD．a(chǎn)fter18.Youmustmakeyournewhousecleanandsafe_______youmovein．A．becauseB．whenC．beforeD．until19.Iwas_______tired_______Icouldn'twalkon．A．so…thatB．too…toC．very…thatD．very…to20.Ithoughthe_______toseehismotherifhetime．A．willgo…h(huán)asB．willgo…willhaveC．wouldgo…wouldhaveD．wouldgo…h(huán)ad二.用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1.Iwon'treturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI_______（notfinish）readingit．2.Assoonashesawme，he_______tospeaktome．（stop）3.Ihopehe_______（come）backinaweek．4.It_______（rain）hardwhenIgottothefactorythismorning．5.Theoldmantoldthechildren_______（notwalk）inthericefields．6.Hetoldmehe_______（help）herwithhermathsthenextevening．7.Shesaidthey_______（know）eachotherforquitesometime．8.Ifit_______（notrain）tomorrow，we_______（visit）thePople'sMuseum．9.John_______（write）somethingwhenI_______（go）toseehim．10.Ourteachertoldusthatlight_______（travel）muchfasterthansound．11.WhenIgottothecinema，thefilm_______（begin）12.Mikeaskedmeifwe_______（ask）anyquestionsthenextclass．13.Willyoucomeandstaywithusforawhilewhenyou_______（finish）doingyourhomework?14.ComradeWangdidn'tknowifthere_______（be）onEnglisheveningthatday．15.Pleasetellmeifshe_______（come）againnexttime．三、請連接成為含有賓語從句的復合句。1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.