原蟲病瘧疾課件

原蟲病瘧疾ppt課件匯報人：文小庫2024-03-15CONTENTS原蟲病與瘧疾概述瘧原蟲生物學(xué)特性臨床表現(xiàn)與分型原蟲病與瘧疾概述01原蟲病是由單細(xì)胞真核生物原蟲引起的一類疾病，原蟲寄生在人體的腔道、體液、zu織或細(xì)胞內(nèi)。定義醫(yī)學(xué)原蟲包括致病及非致病性原蟲，其中對人體造成嚴(yán)重危害的有瘧原蟲、利什曼原蟲、錐蟲、溶zu織內(nèi)阿米巴等。分類原蟲病定義及分類經(jīng)按蚊叮咬或輸入帶瘧原蟲者的血液而感染。01020304瘧疾患者和帶瘧原蟲者。普遍易感，但感染后并非全部發(fā)病，且發(fā)病后不同的瘧原蟲種類引起的臨床表現(xiàn)也有所不同。瘧疾主要流行于熱帶和亞熱帶地區(qū)，我國以間日瘧為主，惡性瘧次之。傳染源易感人群傳播途徑流行地區(qū)瘧疾流行病學(xué)特點以下附贈各項管理制度英文版（不需要可刪）急救藥品、器材管理制度:1.Rescuedrugsandequipmentshouldbe"fivefixed"(fixedquantityandvariety,designatedplacement,designatedpersonstorage,regulardisinfectionandsterilization,regularinspectionandmaintenance)and"twotimely"(timelyinspectionandmaintenance,timelyreceiptandsupplementation).Theitemisclearlymarkedandcannotbeusedarbitrarily.2.Thenecessaryrescueequipmentiscomplete,ingoodperformance,andinstandbycondition.3.Therescuedrugsarecomplete,withcleardruglabelsandnodiscoloration,deterioration,expiration,ordamage.Theyshouldbeplacedandusedintheorderofdrugexpirationdates(fromrighttoleft).4.Emergencydrugsanditemsforeachdepartment'srescuevehicleshallbeuniformlyequippedaccordingtorequirements.Specializedemergencydrugsanditemsmustbereviewedandapprovedbythedepartmentdirectortodeterminethetype,quantity,specifications,anddosagetobeequipped.Rescuevehiclesmustbeplacedindesignatedlocationsandmanagedbydesignatedpersonneltoensuresafetyandeaseofuse.5.Afterusingrescuedrugsandequipment,theyshouldbefullyreplenishedwithin24hours.Iftheycannotbereplenishedduetospecialreasons,theyshouldbenotedonthehandoverregistrationformandreportedtotheheadnurseforcoordinationandresolutiontoensuretimelyuseduringpatientrescue.6.Thereisaregistrationbookfortheprovisionofdrugsandequipment.Ensureconsistencybetweenaccountsandmaterials,andhandoverbetweenshifts.7.Managementofsealedrescuevehicles:Beforesealing,theheadnurse(ornurseincharge)andanothernurseshallcountthedrugsandequipmentaccordingtotheregistrationbookofdrugandequipmentequipment,verifytheiraccuracy,andsealthemwithaseal.Twopeopleshallsignandfillinthesealingtime.Nurseschecktheconditionofthesealsoncepershiftandcompletethehandover.Theresponsiblenursescheckonceaweek,andtheheadnurseandresponsiblenursesopenthesealsandinspectthedrugsandequipmentintheambulanceonceamonth,withrecordskept.8.Nonsealedrescuevehiclemanagement:Eachshiftshallcountthedrugsandequipmentaccordingtotheregistrationbookandcompletethehandover.Theresponsiblenurseshallinspectonceaweek,andtheheadnurseshallinspectonceeverytwoweeksandkeeprecords,ensuringthattheaccountsmatchthematerials.護(hù)理文書書寫制度:

1.Nursingstaffstrictlyfollowthelatestrequirementswhenwritingnursingmedicalrecords.2.Thecontentofnursingrecordsshouldbeobjective,truthful,accurate,timely,complete,andstandardized.3.Allnursingdocumentsshouldbewrittenwithablueblackorcarboninkpen.4.AllnursingdocumentsshouldbewritteninArabicnumeralsfordateandtime,withdatesinyears,months,anddays,usinga24-hoursystem,specifictominutes.5.WritingshoulduseChinese,medicalterminology,andcommonlyusedforeignlanguageabbreviations;Completerecorditems;Thetextisneat,thehandwritingisclear,andthelayoutisclean;Accurateexpression,fluentsentences,simpleandconcise:correctformatandpunctuation,notypos.6.Whenerrorsoccurduringthewritingprocess,doublelinethemonthewrongwords,keeptheoriginalrecordclearanddistinguishable,signthemodifier,indicatethemodificationtime,continuetowritethecorrectcontent,anddonotusescraping,sticking,paintingorothermethodstocoveruporremovetheoriginalhandwriting.Eachpageshouldbemodifiednomorethantwotimes,otherwisetheoriginalrecorderwillpromptlycopyagain(exceptformodificationsmadebysuperiors).7.Nursingrecordswrittenbyinternnurses,probationarynurses,orunregisterednursesshouldbereviewedandsignedbynurseswithlegalprofessionalqualificationsinthismedicalinstitution.8.Furthertrainingnursescanonlywritenursingdocumentsafterbeingrecognizedbythemedicalinstitutionreceivingthetrainingfortheirworkability.9.Superiornursingstaffhavetheresponsibilitytoreviewandmodifythewrittenrecordsofsubordinatenursingstaff.Whenmakingmodifications,reddoublelinesshouldbeusedtomarkerrors,writethemodifiedcontent,signandindicatethemodificationtime.10.Temperaturerecords,medicalorders,patientcarerecords,andsurgicalinventoryrecordsshouldbearchivedontime.主要為周期性規(guī)律發(fā)作的全身發(fā)冷、發(fā)熱、多汗，長期多次發(fā)作后可引起貧血和脾腫大。不同種類的瘧原蟲引起的臨床表現(xiàn)略有差異。根據(jù)流行病學(xué)史、臨床表現(xiàn)以及實驗室檢查（如血涂片查找瘧原蟲）進(jìn)行綜合判斷。臨床表現(xiàn)與診斷依據(jù)診斷依據(jù)臨床表現(xiàn)預(yù)防措施包括消滅蚊蟲、防止蚊蟲叮咬（如使用蚊帳、蚊香等）、加強(qiáng)個人防護(hù)、治療患者和帶蟲者等。重要性瘧疾是一種嚴(yán)重危害人類健康的寄生蟲病，預(yù)防措施對于控制瘧疾的傳播和流行至關(guān)重要。通過有效的預(yù)防措施，可以降低瘧疾的發(fā)病率和死亡率，保障人民群眾的身體健康。預(yù)防措施及重要性瘧原蟲生物學(xué)特性02瘧原蟲為單細(xì)胞生物，具有復(fù)雜的生命周期和形態(tài)多樣性。在紅細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生階段，瘧原蟲呈現(xiàn)出多種形態(tài)，如環(huán)狀體、滋養(yǎng)體、裂殖體和配子體等。不同種類的瘧原蟲在形態(tài)上存在一定差異，但總體上具有相似的生命周期和寄生特性。瘧原蟲形態(tài)特征生活史及傳播途徑瘧原蟲的生活史包括在蚊蟲體內(nèi)的有性繁殖和在人體內(nèi)的無性增殖兩個階段。傳播途徑主要是通過攜帶瘧原蟲的按蚊叮咬人體而實現(xiàn)。當(dāng)按蚊叮咬人時，將含有瘧原蟲子孢子的唾液注入人體，子孢子隨血流進(jìn)入肝臟，在肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)發(fā)育為裂殖子并釋放入血，引起瘧疾發(fā)作。瘧原蟲主要寄生在人體的紅細(xì)胞內(nèi)，通過破壞紅細(xì)胞來獲取營養(yǎng)和進(jìn)行繁殖。瘧原蟲感染可引起紅細(xì)胞破裂，導(dǎo)致貧血、黃疸等癥狀。同時，瘧原蟲代謝產(chǎn)物和裂殖子釋放入血可引發(fā)機(jī)體強(qiáng)烈的免疫反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致高熱、寒zhan等典型的瘧疾癥狀。寄生部位與致病機(jī)制010302血涂片鏡檢是最常用的