2022年山西省臨汾市侯馬上馬中學(xué)高三英語期末試題含解析

2022年山西省臨汾市侯馬上馬中學(xué)高三英語期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.Without____thoroughunderstandingofChina’sspecificconditions,youcan’thave____sayovertheonly-childpolicy.A.a;the

B.the;a

C.a;a

D.the;the參考答案：C略2.WhensheaskedPeter________hewasoutofworkagain,henoddedhisheadandsaidyes.A.that

B.when

C.whether

D.how參考答案：C試題分析：考查賓語從句。引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)她問皮特是否他又失業(yè)了，他點(diǎn)頭并且說是的，可知選項(xiàng)C正確，故選C。3.!willgotoBeijingonbusinesstomorrow,doyouhaveanything____toyoursonstudyinginPekingUniversity?A.tobetaken

B.totake

C.taken

D.beingtaken參考答案：A4.Thebankisequippedwithnewalarm

.Wecansayit'ssafeandreliablecompletely.

A．method

B．way

C．order

D．system參考答案：D略5.—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet……Look,there_______therestofourguests!A.come

B.comes

C.iscoming

D.arecoming參考答案：A6.Itisagoodideatostartapart-timejob_____itdoesn’taffectyourstudies.A.as

B.inorderthat

C.unless

D.solongas參考答案：D7.Hecouldn’tmakehisvoice______abovethenoiseofthe

traffic.A.tohear

B.hearingC.heard

D.hear參考答案：C考查非謂語動詞，句意：他的聲音蓋不過交通噪音。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以需將hear變換成非謂語動詞的形式，且根據(jù)句意，他不能讓他的聲音“被聽見”，動詞-ed形式表示被動或完成，本句中的heard做賓語補(bǔ)足語，故選C.8._______isthekindnessofthenursethatthepatientcanneverbe________toher.

A.So;toothankful

B.Such;toothankfulC.So;thatthankful

D.Such;enoughthankful參考答案：B9.—HowaboutgoingsightseeingthisSaturdayafternoon?Sorry,I_______myresearchreportthewholeweekend.A.willhavewritten B.willbewritingC.havewritten D.havebeenwriting參考答案：B【詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：——這周六下午去觀光怎么樣?——不好意思，整個周末我都會在寫研究報告。表示將來的某一時間正在做的事情用將來進(jìn)行時，故B項(xiàng)正確。10.Thelittleboycameridingfullspeeddownthemotorwayonhisbicycle,

itwas!A．WhatadangeroussceneB．WhatdangerousasceneC．HowadangeroussceneD．Howdangerousthescene參考答案：

A解析：

英語中的感嘆句分what和how開頭兩種：1）What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語；What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞（復(fù)數(shù)名詞）+主語+謂語

2）How+形容詞（副詞）+主語+謂語；How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語。根據(jù)以上結(jié)構(gòu)，四個選項(xiàng)只有A項(xiàng)正確。11.Schoollifehas_____profoundeffectontehformationof_____child'spersonality.A.a;/

B./;/

C./;a

D.a;a參考答案：D12.Lastmoth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from___effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.

A.that

B.whose

C.those

D.what參考答案：B略13.—Tomisplanningtobuyacar.

—Iknow.Bynextmonth,he

enoughforausedone.A.saved B.hassaved C.wouldsave D.willhavesaved參考答案：D略14.Iknowyoudon’tlike_____musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof_____musicinthemoviewesawyesterday?A．不填；不填

B．the；the

C．the;不填

D．不填;the參考答案：D15.Astrangegirlenteredtheroomandtoldmeastoryofherown,_____Isuspectedthetruth.

A.that

B.which C.ofwhich D.atwhich參考答案：C6.TwoweeksagoinGuangzhou,atwo-year-oldgirl,YueYue,washitbyacarseriouslyandleftlyingontheroadwithnooneofferinghelp,_____aheateddiscussionontheInternet.A.caused

B.tocause

C.causing

D.beingcaused參考答案：C略17.______overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.A.Ordering

B.ToorderC.Havingordered

D.Ordered參考答案：D試題分析：題目考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：(因?yàn)?那些書是一周多之前訂的，現(xiàn)在隨時有可能送到。Books和order是動賓關(guān)系，即orderbooks/booksareordered，故用過去分詞表示被動和完成，在此相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句becausetheywereordered...，故選D。【名師點(diǎn)睛】分詞作狀語1.分詞作時間狀語相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；ondoingsth.=assoonassb.doessth.。2.分詞作原因狀語相當(dāng)于as，since，because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。3.分詞作方式或伴隨狀語不能用狀語從句替換，但是可以改寫成并列句。4.分詞作條件狀語相當(dāng)于if,unless等引導(dǎo)的從句。常見的可表示條件的分詞有g(shù)iven,supposing,considering,provided,comparedwith等。5.分詞作結(jié)果狀語相當(dāng)于sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。分詞前常有副詞thus，thereby，only等。6.分詞作讓步狀語相當(dāng)于though或者evenif等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。18.—Idroppedinatyourhouseatabouteightyesterdayevening,butyouweren’tin.

—I

regularexercisesattheclub.

A．did

B．haddone

C．wasdoing

D．havedone參考答案：C

二、短文改錯19.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文，文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪改或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（Λ），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。AChinesescientist,Mr.HeJiankuiclaimedthathehassuccessfullycreatedtheworld’sfirstgenetically-editedbabies.Inainterview,Mr.Hesaidhehadeditedthegeneticsubstance,orDNA,oftwingirlsbornafewweeksearly.ThoughMrHe’sclaimwasimmediatelycondemnedbysomescientistsasunsafeandunethical,buthedefendedhiswork.Hesaidthegeneediting,thatwastohelpprotectthebabiesfromtheirfutureinfectionofHIV,thevirusresponsiblewithAIDS,wasperfectlysafe.Manyscientistsworkingingeneticssayhebelieveanyexperimentsperformingthiswayaredangerous.IntheUnitedStatesandothercountry,thiskindofgeneeditingisstrictlybanned.Whatscientistsareworriedaboutthatsuchchangestoaperson’sDNAmayharmhis/herothergenesandleadtodeadlydiseases.參考答案：AChinesescientist,Mr.HeJiankuiclaimedthathehassuccessfullycreatedthe

hadworld’sfirstgenetically-editedbabies.Inainterview,Mr.Hesaidhehadedited

anthegeneticsubstance,orDNA,oftwingirlsbornafewweeksearly.ThoughMrHe’s

earlierclaimwasimmediatelycondemnedbysomescientistsasunsafeandunethical,buthe

去掉defendedhiswork.Hesaidthegeneediting,thatwastohelpprotectthebabiesfrom

whichtheirfutureinfectionofHIV,thevirusresponsiblewithAIDS,wasperfectlysafe.

forManyscientistsworkingingeneticssayhebelieveanyexperimentsperformingthis

they

performedwayaredangerous.IntheUnitedStatesandothercountry,thiskindofgeneeditingisstrictly

countriesbanned.Whatscientistsareworriedabout∧thatsuchchangestoaperson’sDNAmayisharmhis/herothergenesandleadtodeadlydiseases.【分析】本文為說明文。中國科學(xué)家何建奎先生聲稱，他已經(jīng)成功地創(chuàng)造了世界上第一個經(jīng)過基因編輯的嬰兒。但是許多從事遺傳學(xué)研究的科學(xué)家說，他認(rèn)為任何以這種方式進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)都是危險的。一個人的DNA的這種變化可能會損害他/她的其他基因，并導(dǎo)致致命的疾病。【詳解】第一處：考查時態(tài)。此處表示的動作發(fā)生在claimed之前，屬于“過于的過去”，應(yīng)使用過去完成時。故has改為had。第二處：考查冠詞。interview是元音音素開頭的詞，應(yīng)使用不定冠詞an。故a改為an。第三處：考查副詞。earlier副詞“早地；早先的時候”。時間段與earlier一起使用，表示以過去或?qū)砟骋粋€時間點(diǎn)為準(zhǔn)的一段時間以前。afewweeksearlier“幾周前”。故early改為earlier。第四處：考查讓步狀語從句。though/although等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，不能與but/and/or連用。故去掉but。第五處：考查非限定性定語從句。此處為非限定性定語從句，先行詞是thegeneediting，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故that改為which。第六處：考查介詞。固定短語：responsiblefor“是……的原由；為……負(fù)責(zé)”。故with改為for。第七處：考查代詞。此處指代主語Manyscientists，且在賓語從句中做主語。故he改為they。第八處：考查過去分詞。此處與experiments構(gòu)成邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞，表被動。故performing改為performed。第九處：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此處指“其他的國家”，不是一個國家，應(yīng)使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故country改為countries。第十處：考查系動詞。句意：科學(xué)家所擔(dān)心的是，一個人的DNA的這種變化可能會損害他/她的其他基因，并導(dǎo)致致命的疾病。分析句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，Whatscientistsareworriedabout是主語從句，that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，缺少系動詞。故about后加is20.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（﹨）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Haveyoueverhadheadachesduringatest?Haveyoueverbeentooconcernedaboutsomethingthatyouevencan’tsleepatnight?Ifso,thenyouknowthatstressis.Toomuchstresscanresultinangry,depressionandotherrelatedproblems,whichweneedtotakethemseriously.However,notallstresswasharmfultoyou.Somekindsofstresscanhelpyougettingthingsdonebetter,likewhenyouarerunningtowardsthefinishinglineorwhenyouareaskingtodeliveraspeechtoyourclass.Stresssometimescanpushyoutomakefullpreparationforatest.Thebestapproachreducingstressistohaveabalancedlife.Ifyougetenoughsleep,eatproper,takemoreexerciseandhaveenoughfuntime,youmightfeellessstressed.參考答案：Haveyoueverhadheadachesduringatest?Haveyoueverbeentooconcernedabout

sosomethingthatyouevencan’tsleepatnight?Ifso,thenyouknowthatstressis.

whatToomuchstresscanresultinangry,depressionandotherrelatedproblems,which

angerweneedtotakethemseriously.

去掉However,notallstresswasharmfultoyou.Somekindsofstresscanhelpyou

isgettingthingsdonebetter,likewhenyouarerunningtowardsthefinishinglineorgetwhenyouareaskingtodeliveraspeechtoyourclass.Stresssometimescanpushyou askedtomakefullpreparationforatest.

preparationsThebestapproach∧reducingstressistohaveabalancedlife.Ifyougetenough

tosleep,eatproper,takemoreexerciseandhaveenoughfuntime,youmightfeellessproperly【分析】本文為議論文。文章介紹了壓力對人造成的后果，以及如何減輕壓力的方法?！驹斀狻?.考查固定句型。句意：你是否曾經(jīng)過于擔(dān)心一些事情，以至于晚上睡不著覺？“so…that”為固定句型，意為“太…以至于”。因此把too改為so。2.考查賓語從句。句意：如果是這樣的話，你要知道壓力是什么。此句為賓語從句，由that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，從句不缺少成分。分析此句可知，此賓語從句中缺少表語，缺少表語一般用“what”。故把that改為what。3.考查名詞。句意：壓力過大會導(dǎo)致憤怒、抑郁和其他相關(guān)問題，。分析句子可知，句中的angry作resultin的賓語，作介詞賓語要用名詞形式，故把形容詞angry改為anger。4.考查非限制性定語從句。句意：壓力過大會導(dǎo)致憤怒、抑郁和其他相關(guān)問題，這些問題我們需要認(rèn)真對待。分析句子可知，whichweneedtotakeseriously是一個非限制性定語從句，修飾整個主句內(nèi)容，關(guān)系詞which在從句中作take的賓語，them多余，故刪掉them。5.考查時態(tài)。句意：然而，并不是所有的壓力都對你有害。根據(jù)語境可知，本句描述一個客觀的事實(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，故把was改為is。6.考查固定搭配。句意：有些壓力可以幫助你把事情做得更好。helpsb.dosth.為固定用法，意為“幫助某人做某事”，可知要把getting改為get。7.考查語境及非謂語。句意：或者要求你給班級發(fā)表演講。分析句子可知，本中的主語you與動詞ask二者被動關(guān)系，即你被要求，因此把a(bǔ)sking改為asked。8.考查固定搭配。句意：壓力有時會促使你為考試做充分的準(zhǔn)備。makepreparationsfor為固定搭配，意為“為作準(zhǔn)備”。因此把preparation改為preparations。9.考查固定搭配。句意：緩解壓力的最好方法是有一個平衡的生活。theapproachto(doing)sth.為固定搭配，意為“的方法”，其中的to為介詞，因此在approach后面加to。10.考查比較級。句意：如果你有足夠的睡眠，飲食合理，參加更多的運(yùn)動，并且有足夠的娛樂時間，你可能會感覺到壓力少些。分析句子可知，句中的eat是動詞，被proper修飾，修飾動詞要用副詞，故把proper改為properly。三、閱讀理解21.Naturehasitsownwayofbalancingitselfout,butwhenwehumansgetinvolved,wetendtothrowthingsoutofcontrol.Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,butsincewe’vebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheair,thosesinkscan’tkeepup.ScientistsattheMaxPlanckInstituteinGermany,ledbybiologistTobiasErb,havefiguredoutawaytosuperchargeplantstomakethembetteratabsorbingCO2,whichcouldbeakeydefenseagainstclimatechange.Erbandhisteamfiguredoutawaytomakeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon,sothattheyconsumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime.“Ifyouthinkaboutplants,theyareefficientCO2-fixingfilters,buttheyarenotfast,”Erbsaid.“Ithinkthereisachancetoimproveexistingbiologywithsynthetic(人造的)biology.”Erb’steamidentified17enzymes(酶)fromninedifferentorganisms,re-engineeringthreeofthem,thathadanenlargedcarbonconsumption.Whenthoseenzymesworkedtogetherasateam,theyworkedbetteratnotonlyplants’naturalenzymes,butalsothemselvesindividually.Existingenzymesinplantsconsumeabout5to10molecules(摩爾)ofCO2persecond.TheteamofenzymesthatErbusedconsumed80moleculespersecond.Sofar,theseenzymeshaveonlybeentestedintesttubesinthelab,butthenextstepisrealworldtestingwheretheenzymeswouldbeintroducedintoplantstoseeifthesameresultoccurs.Ifthosetestsshowthatplantsreallycanbesupercharged,wecouldhaveanewtoolinthefightagainstclimatechangewherenotonlydoweprotecttheamazingcarbon-absorbingforestswehave,butwealsoaddthesesuperplantsoranartificialleaftechnologyusingtheenzymesintoothermixedfields.12.Whycan’tforestsandoceansbalancenature?A.Becauseoceansandforestsaregettingsmaller.B.Becausealargenumberofforestsarecutdown.C.BecausewehumanbeingsgiveofftoomuchCO2.D.Becausetherearetoomanycreaturesintheworld.13.WhichisthekeydefenseagainstclimatechangeaccordingtoErbandhisteam?A.Toincreasetheplants’abilityandefficiencytoabsorbCO2.B.TomakeoceansandforeststoabsorbmoreCO2quickly.C.Toreducethehuman’sactivitiesgivingofftoomuchCO2.D.Toincreasethenumberofplantsintheworld,14.Whatcanwegetfromthelastparagraph?A.Theenzymeshaveprovedusefulinrealworld.B.Thetechnologyhasworkedagainstclimatechange.C.Theenzymeshavenotbeenusedinthelab.D.Thetechnologymayhaveabrightfuture.15.Thispassageisintendedto

.A.callonpeopletopaymoreattentiontothebalanceofnatureB.introduceapossiblewaytobetterplants’abilityofabsorbingCO2C.analyzethecauseandresultofclimatechangerelatedtoplantsD.explorethepossibilityofusingplantstofightagainstclimatechange參考答案：12.C

13.A

14.D

15.B12.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,butsincewe’vebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheair,thosesinkscan’tkeepup”可知，森林和海洋是吸收大氣中的二氧化碳的自然碳匯，但由于我們向空氣中排放過多，這些自然碳匯無法跟上。分析可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。13.A【解題剖析】此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解中的（2）語言轉(zhuǎn)述型。這是一類間接事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，答案與題目在意義上運(yùn)用了詞義之間的轉(zhuǎn)述關(guān)系，即正確選項(xiàng)是原文有關(guān)詞語和句子的另一種表達(dá)?！敬鸢付ㄎ弧扛鶕?jù)第二段中的“Erbandhisteamfiguredoutawaytomakeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon,sothattheyconsumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime.”厄爾布和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)想出了一種方法，使植物吸收碳的效率更高，從而在更短的時間內(nèi)消耗更多的碳。【推理關(guān)系】題干WhichisthekeydefenseagainstclimatechangeaccordingtoErbandhisteam??文章內(nèi)容makeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon,sothattheyconsumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime【答案】makeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon…consumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime…s?A選項(xiàng)Toincreasetheplants’abilityandefficiencytoabsorbCO2【名師點(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題之語言轉(zhuǎn)述型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題中的語言轉(zhuǎn)述型，做這類題時要變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常采用詞語和句型轉(zhuǎn)換的形式來取代原文中的表述，命題者在出這類題時對原句細(xì)微處做改動。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．14.D推理判斷題。到目前為止，這些酶只在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的試管中進(jìn)行過測試，但下一步是在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中進(jìn)行測試。如果試驗(yàn)成功的話在對抗氣候變化方面有一個新的工具，在那里我們不僅保護(hù)我們擁有的驚人的吸收碳的森林，而且我們還將這些超級植物或人工葉技術(shù)應(yīng)用到其他混合領(lǐng)域。分析本段可知這項(xiàng)技術(shù)會有著光明的前途。15.B主旨大意題。第一段提出大自然有它自己的平衡方式，但當(dāng)我們?nèi)祟惥砣霑r，我們往往會把事情搞得失控。由于我們向空氣中排放過多的CO2，使得自然界本身無法平衡。德國的厄爾布和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)想到了一種增強(qiáng)植物使他們更好地吸收二氧化碳的途徑。分析本段可知，B項(xiàng)（介紹一種提高植物吸收CO2能力的途徑）符合題意。22.IthappenedtomerecentlythatIwastellingsomeonehowmuchIhadenjoyedreadingBarackObama’sDreamsFromMyFatherandhowithadchangedmyviewsofthecurrentUSPresident.ThepersonIwastalkingtoagreedwithmethatitwas,inhiswords,“awonderfullywrittenbook.”However,hethenproceededtotalkaboutMr.Obamainawaythatsuggestedhehadnoideaofhisbackgroundatall.IsensedthatIwastalkingtoabookliar．Anditseemsthatheisnottheonlyone.Clearlytwothirdsofpeoplehaveliedaboutreadingabookwhichtheyhaven’t.InTheWorldBookDaysurvey,DreamsFromMyFa