高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一輪練題(6)(含解析)

PAGEPAGEPAGE42019版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一輪練題（6）李仕才APersuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion:ethos,pathosandlogos.Ethosisaspeaker’swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatheistrustworthy,honestandreliable.Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationhehasinthefield.Afterall,you’remorelikelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.Pathosisaspeaker’swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear,thusmakingthemwanttovoteforhim.Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheviewersfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.Logosistheuseoffacts,statisticsorotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying“believeme”.Althoughethos,pathosandlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.So,thenexttimeyoulistentoaspeech,watchacommercialorlistentoafriendtrytoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney,beonthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.1.Whatisthepurposeofpersuasion?A.Toadvisesomebodytosupportyou.B.TohelpsomeonehavespecialskillC.Toconvincesomebodytorealizehisaim.D.Totalksomeoneintobeinghonest.2.Whatisaspeaker’swayofconvincingtheaudiencetotrusthim?A.Pathos. B.Ethos. C.Logos. D.Education.3.Whatdoapoliticianandananimalcharityhaveincommon?A.Bothpreventthemselvesfrombeinghurt.B.Bothsavepeoplefromterriblewars.C.Bothmaketheaudiencesupportthem.D.Bothpersuadepeopletodonatemoney.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ConvincetheAudience B.ThreeBasicToolsofPersuasionC.BelieveMe D.StrengthofPersuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了源自于古希臘且一直沿用至今的說(shuō)服他人的藝術(shù)，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三種方式以及用這三種方式說(shuō)服他人在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的可能性。1.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話“Persuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.”可知，說(shuō)服是為了建議人們支持你。故選A。3.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.”和最后一句“Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheviewersfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.”可知，政治家可能會(huì)說(shuō)他會(huì)獨(dú)自一人從可拍的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中挽救一個(gè)國(guó)家為了說(shuō)服觀眾為他投票，動(dòng)物慈善機(jī)構(gòu)向觀眾展示受傷的貓或者狗的圖片是為了讓觀眾感到可憐，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的共同之處是他們都想讓聽(tīng)眾支持他們。故選C。4.B【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題?？v觀全文可知，文章主要介紹了說(shuō)服人的藝術(shù)，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及這三種方式在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的可能性。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服的三種基本方式”為最佳標(biāo)題，概況了文章中心主旨。故選B。D.TheBriefWondrousLifeofOscarWao.1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的abookwormcalledOscar以及第三句“Itisabigdealformetofallinlovewithabookwhosetopicissciencefiction,fantasyandimagination...”可知Oscar是書(shū)蟲(chóng),熱爰讀書(shū)。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ihaveneverfeltsocompletelyburiedintoacharacter’smind,nottomentionalongagoandfar-awayplace.”可知,MaryAnnGwinn認(rèn)為自己從來(lái)沒(méi)有如此沉迷于一本書(shū),可知她認(rèn)為這本書(shū)是很吸引人的。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句可知這本書(shū)將會(huì)在未來(lái)的100年中繼續(xù)被閱讀,所以此書(shū)對(duì)未來(lái)有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。CMoreoversmartphone,theintelligentwatchisabouttotakeyourspotasthelatesthitechcurrent,allowingwearerstoglanceatmessagesandeventakecallswithouttouchingtheirphones.Thei'mWatch,availablesince2011,istheflagshipproductofanItaliancompany—i'm.Thissmartwatchisanassisttothesmartphone,withwhichitcancommunicatebyBluetoothwirelesstechnology.Itmeansyoucanleaveyourphoneinyourpocketasyouanswerorrejectacall,reviewemailsorreadupdatesfromfriendsonTwitterorFacebook.Thei'mWatchalsohasitsownapplications,suchasi'mSport,whichlinkswithaheartratedetector(檢測(cè)器)toallowarunnertocheckhispulse.Suchfunctionsalreadyexistinspecializedsportswatchesbutnotonwatchesthatarelinkedtosmartphones.Withasquareshape,a3.8centimetertouchscreenandvariouscolors,thei'mWatchsellsforaminimumof300Euros($390)forthebasicmodelandpricesclimbto16000Eurosforaluxurymodelinsilverordecoratedwithdiamonds.Sofar,thewatchhasalreadyfound30000buyers,80percentofwhomaremenaged25to50.“SeventypercentareiPhoneusers,25percentSamsungandtherestareothertelephonesusingGoogle'sAndroidoperatingsystem，”saidMassimilianoBertolini,amanagerofthecompany,whichaimstosellmorethan200000watchesthisyear.Thecompany'stargetmarketisthepersonwhoisalwaysgluedtohissmartphone,eveninmeetingsoratthemovies,orpeoplewhowishtokeepaneyeontheirheartbeatduringexercise.Theywillespeciallytargetwomenwithadvertisementsemphasizingitsdesignratherthanitstechnology.文章大意：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一款最新的智能手表。1．Thetextismeantto________.A．a(chǎn)dvertiseahandhelddeviceB．showanexampleofhightechC．introduceanewtypeofwatchD．comparethephonewiththewatch答案：C寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Moreoversmartphone,theintelligentwatchisabouttotakeyourspotasthelatesthitechcurrent...”和對(duì)全文的整體理解可知，本文主要介紹最新的科技產(chǎn)品：智能手表，故答案C符合文義。2．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthei'mWatch?A．Economical. B．Typical.C．Multifunctional. D．Traditional.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后兩句“Thissmartwatchisanassisttothesmartphone...reviewemailsorreadupdatesfromfriendsonTwitterorFacebook.”可推知，文中介紹的智能手表是多功能的，故答案C符合文義。3．Whyisthei'mWatchsuperiortootherspecializedsportswatches?A．Itprovidesabetterservice.B．Itislinkedtosmartphones.C．Ithasaheartratedetector.D．Itownsfancyappearance.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Suchfunctionsalreadyexistinspecializedsportswatchesbutnotonwatchesthatarelinkedtosmartphones.”可知，答案B符合文義。4．Whichgroupofpeoplemaybeattractedbythei'mWatch?A．Sportslovershavingsmartphones.B．Womenpreferringadvertisements.C．PeopleusingAndroidsystem.D．iPhoneusersseekingconvenience.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“SeventypercentareiPhoneusers...”可知，答案D符合文義。5．Whatcanwelearnaboutthei'mWatchaccordingtothetext?A．Itcancontrolarunner'spulse.B．Ithasawiderangeofprices.C．Itcanreplacethesmartphones.D．Itispopularamongteenagers.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“aminimumof300Euros...to16000Euros...withdiamonds.”可推知，根據(jù)i'mWatch這款智能表的款式和材質(zhì)不同，它的售價(jià)有很大的范圍，故答案B符合文義。D(2017·福建福州適應(yīng)性練習(xí))NohumanhassetfootontheMoonsince1972.Now,aftermorethanfourdecadesofinactivity,interestinputtinghumansbackontheMoonisfinallyheatingupagain.Butwhowillgettherefirst?CHINAOn14December,2013,ChinasuccessfullylandeditsJadeRabbitrover(探測(cè)車)ontheMoon.Itisnowworkingonitsnextexplorationmission.NamedChang’e4,themissionisscheduledtotouchdownintheAitkenBasinneartheendof2018.Ifsuccessful,itwillbethefirstlandingontheMoon’sfarside.RUSSIARussiaplansamannedMoonlandingin2030.ItiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost(前哨站).INDIAFollowingthesuccessofitsChandrayaan-1in2008,Indiaannouncedafollow-onmission.Chandrayaan-2wasmeanttocooperatewithRussia.ButwhentheRussiansfailedtodeliverthepromisedlanderin2013,Indiadecidedtogoitalone.Chandrayaan-2isabouttobesentupin2018.TheUSAInDecember2018,NASAplanstosenduptheExplorationMission1,anuncrewedtestoftheirOrionastronautcapsuleinwhichthecraftwillcirclearoundtheMoonbeforereturningtotheEarth.Allbeingwell,acrewedcapsulewillfollowin2023.Shouldthemissionproveasuccess,theastronautswillbethefirsthumanstoseethefarsideoftheMoonwiththeirowneyessinceApollo17in1972.1.WhatwillChinadoinitsnextspacemission?A.ImproveitsJadeRabbitrover.B.Workwithothercountries.C.LandChang’e4ontheMoon.D.ExplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon.2.WhydidIndiatrytocarryoutitsfollow-onmissionalone?A.Itcouldn’tfindapartner.B.Itdidn’tgetthelanderasplanned.C.TheRussiansrefusedtoworkwithIndia.D.ItplannedtolaunchChandrayaan-2inadvance.3.WhichcountryisinterestedinresourcesontheMoon?A.Russia.B.China.C.India. D.TheUS A.4.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.RussiahasbuiltahumanoutpostontheMoon.B.ChinawillbethefirsttoseethefarsideoftheMoon.C.TheUSAwillsendacrewedcapsuletotheMooninthefuture.D.HumanshavekeptactiveinexploringtheMoonsince1972.1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知,嫦娥四號(hào)將在2018年底降落在月球AitkenBasin地區(qū)。據(jù)此可知,中國(guó)的下一步空間計(jì)劃是嫦娥四號(hào)登月,故C項(xiàng)正確。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知,由于俄羅斯沒(méi)能給印度提供著陸器,故印度決定自己實(shí)施登月計(jì)劃,故B項(xiàng)正確。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知,當(dāng)前俄羅斯正啟動(dòng)一項(xiàng)工程,其思路是登陸器將探索月球的南極,尋找礦物質(zhì)和水冰等資源以供人類前哨站使用。故A項(xiàng)正確。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Allbeingwell,acrewedcapsulewillfollowin2023.”可知,如果一切順利,美國(guó)將于2023年發(fā)送載人太空艙登月,據(jù)此可知,美國(guó)將在未來(lái)實(shí)施載人登月計(jì)劃,故C項(xiàng)正確。EGoodhealthisthemostvaluablethingapersoncanhave.Itisimportanttorememberthatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobehealthy.Therearethreethingsthatapersoncandotohelpstayingoodshape:eatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseregularly.Propernutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))isimportantforgoodhealth.Yourbodycannotworkwellunlessitreceivestheproperkindof“fuel”.Don’teattoomuchfoodwithlotsofsugarandfat.Eatplentyoffoodshighinprotein(蛋白質(zhì)),likemeat,fish,eggsandnuts.Vegetablesandfruitsareveryimportantbecausetheyprovidenecessaryvitaminsandminerals.However,don’tovereat.Itisnothelpfultobeoverweight.Gettingtheproperamountofsleepisalsoimportant.Ifyoudon’tgetenoughsleep,youfeeltiredandeasilygetangry.Youhavenoenergy.Overalongperiodoftimealittleamountofsleepmayevenresultinachangeofpersonality(個(gè)性).Besuretoallowyourselffromseventoninehoursofsleepeachnight.Ifyoudo,yourbodywillfeelstrongandrefreshed,andyourmindwillbesharp.Finally,getplentyofexercise.Exercisemakesthebodystrongandpreventsyoufromputtingonweight.Italsoimprovesyourheartandlungs.Ifyoufollowaregularexerciseprogram,youwillprobably