秘籍04 閱讀理解-主旨大意題-備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語搶分秘籍解析版（全國通用）

秘籍04閱讀理解-主旨大意題目錄高考預測考查概率預測；難度預測；考向預測應試秘籍常考題型解題技法分析典例剖析單題訓練（文體分類）篇章?？碱}訓練誤區(qū)點撥常見錯點梳理習題訓練鞏固名校模擬2023最新省市名校模擬題考點綜合訓練高考預測概率預測☆☆☆☆☆難度預測☆☆☆☆考向預測記敘文的考查（重點句的把握）說明文的考查（文章結構；誰明對象）議論文的考查（中心論點的把握）應試秘籍記敘文、說明文和議論文三種體裁的閱讀文章，都會要求在理解文意的基礎上，從所給選項中選出適合文章的標題。1．從考點頻率看，（必考點；15個閱讀理解題；主旨題占比1-3個）2．從題型難度看，較難；基本幾種在題型句式的替換方面；細節(jié)知識總結方面正確選項特征干擾選項特征1.涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文或全段。2.確定的范圍恰當，既不太大，也不太小。3.精確性強，不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩。1.過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云所給選項內容概括的范圍過大，超出文章所述內容。2.以偏概全，主次不分所給選項只闡述了文章的一部分內容，或以文章中的細節(jié)信息或個別詞作為選項的設置內容，或以次要的事實或細節(jié)充當全文的主要觀點。3.移花接木，偷換概念所給選項被命題者有意識地把本屬于A的內容放在B上，若不留神，極易選錯答案。4.無中生有，生搬硬套所給選項的關鍵詞語雖然在文章中談到了，但經過仔細閱讀分析之后，發(fā)現選項的內容與文章的內容毫無聯系。類型一標題歸納題一、常見設問方式·Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.·Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?·Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?·Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.二、解題必備知能(一)理解標題的3大特點一個好的標題應具備三大特點：1．概括性——準確而又簡短；2．針對性——標題外延正好與文章內容相符；3．醒目性——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。(二)巧用3大方法確定文章標題1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎上，揣摩哪個選項能準確概括主旨；2．反面否定法：撇開原文，拿各個備選項去設想用它們寫出來的“文章”將是什么內容，然后和原文章對照，一一排除不符選項；3．研讀備選項本身：研讀備選項里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、結構、概括性等。典例剖析例子1GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.27．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB．BalancingOurDailyDietC．MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD．CookingWellforLess[解題示范]第一步：讀文章，概括文意本文是一篇新聞報道?！对绨灿返墓?jié)目主持人蘇珊娜·瑞德新推出了一檔節(jié)目——SaveMoney:GoodFood，向觀眾展示如何用較少的預算做出美味營養(yǎng)的飯菜。第二步：析選項，斟酌判斷A通過明智的吃來保持健康文中雖提到有關飲食和健康方面的內容，但這不是文章主要內容。以偏概全，主次不分B平衡我們的日常飲食文中沒有提到平衡日常飲食。無中生有，生搬硬套C讓你自己成為一個完美的廚師文中只是提到用較少的預算做出美味的飯菜，沒有說做一個完美的廚師。以偏概全，主次不分D用的少，烹飪好文章圍繞用較少的預算做出美味的飯菜展開的。涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文[答案]D類型二文章大意題一、常見設問方式·What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?·Thepassageismainlyabout________.·Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.·Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?·Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?·Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.·Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.·Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.例子2Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.[解題示范]第一步：讀文章，概括文意文章介紹了世界上語言的種類隨著人類社會的發(fā)展而逐漸減少這一現象。第二步：析選項，斟酌判斷A新語言將會被創(chuàng)造。文章介紹的是語言的減少而不是新語言的創(chuàng)造。移花接木，偷換概念B人們的生活方式會反映到語言上。文中沒有這種說法。無中生有，生搬硬套C人類的發(fā)展導致語言越來越少。文章介紹了世界上語言多樣性的發(fā)展變化以及現在很多語言面臨消亡的威脅這一現象。涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文D地理決定語言的發(fā)展。文中沒有這種說法。無中生有，生搬硬套[答案]C類型三段落大意題一、常見設問方式·WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?·Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.·Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.·WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?·Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?二、解題必備知能歸納段落大意的2種方法方法1：概括段落大意要準確概括某段的大意，務必要知道該段的邏輯結構。(1)如果該段是按總分順序組織，首句做總的說明，其他句子對其進行具體論述，這種結構的主題句就在段首；(2)如果按分總順序組織，主題句就在段尾；(3)如果按分總分的順序組織，則主題句就在這段話的中間；(4)如果按總分總的順序，段落結構相對難度較低，我們可以很明顯的看到一段的首句和末句的內容幾乎完全一致，正確答案就呼之欲出了；(5)如果按并列式行文，這種結構的段落一般會在一段中討論兩個平行的內容，整個段落可以從中間處分開，前后是平行關系，這樣的段落結構對應的答案通常也會是很明顯的并列關系；(6)如果對比各事物，那么它們的共同點或不同點就是該段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意有時，作者可能不直接寫出主題句，而是通過各種方法暗示給讀者，這就需要充分發(fā)揮讀者的想象力與判斷力，揣摩段落大意。例子3TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.…28．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B．Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C．Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D．ThedesignersoftheTransition.[解題示范]第一步：讀文章，概括段意該段沒有主題句，但是從以下幾個方面說明了飛車theTransition的相關情況：①制造商：TerrafugiaInc.②首飛成功：completeditsfirstflight③上市時間：withinthenextyear④飛車名字：theTransition⑤飛車構成：twoseats,fourwheelsandwings⑥飛行時速：around70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair⑦耗油：5gallonsperhourintheair;Ontheground,35milespergallon由以上信息可以看出該段主要描述了飛車theTransition的一些基本數據。第二步：析選項，斟酌判斷A飛車theTransition的基本數據。A項是對本段內容的精煉概括和總結。涵蓋性強，覆蓋全段B飛車的一些優(yōu)點。該選項錯誤在于以下兩點：①該段介紹了名字為theTransition的飛車；而不是全部飛車(flyingcars)。②該段列舉的是基本數據而不是優(yōu)點。無中生有，生搬硬套C飛車的潛在市場。原文沒有提及。無中生有，生搬硬套D飛車theTransition的設計商。該選項僅僅是文章中的一個方面。以偏概全，主次不分[答案]A誤區(qū)點撥【題型一精確歸納標題】AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy(仿真的)satellite,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace.Millionsofpiecesofjunkareturningaroundinorbittheresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancausecriticaldamage.Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.’sSurreySpaceCenterandincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFrance’sArianeGroup.GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCenter,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.JonathanMcDowell,anastrophysicistattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek’sexperimentwasexciting,buthecautionedagainst“over-publicizing”it.Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said“Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks.”AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.340What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheRemoveDEBRISProjectIsPerfectB.HowRemoveDEBRISIsInventedintheLabC.WhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIsInventedD.SatelliteCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime【解析】A主旨大意題。根據文章第二段中的Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace.“專家告訴CNN，本周進行的這次測試被廣泛認為是太空清潔技術的首次成功演示。它象征著解決太空垃圾這一關鍵問題的第一步。”可知，本文主題是“衛(wèi)星首次收集太空垃圾”。故選D。【題型二概括文章大意】Languageswillcontinuetodiverge.EvenifEnglishweretobecometheuniversallanguage,itwouldstilltakemanydifferentforms.IndeedthesamecouldhappentoEnglishashashappenedtoChinese:alanguageofintellectualswhichdoesn’tvaryhugelyalongsidealargenumberofvariationsusedbylocalpeoples.Wewillcontinuetoteachotherlanguagesinsomeform,andnotjustforreasonsofpracticaluse.Learningalanguageisgoodforyourmentalhealth;itforcesyoutounderstandanotherculturalandintellectualsystem.SoIhopeBritisheducationwilldevelopamorerationalapproachtotheforeignlanguagesavailabletostudentsinlinewiththeirpoliticalimportance.Becausesomanypeoplebelieveitisnolongerimportanttoknowanotherlanguage,Ifearthattimedevotedtolanguageteachinginschoolsmaywellcontinuetodecline.Butyoucanarguethatlearninganotherlanguagewellismoreexhaustingthan,say,learningtoplaychesswell—itinvolvessensitivitytoasetofcomplicatedrules,andalsotocontext.Technologywillcertainlymakeadifferencetotheuseofforeignlanguages.Computersmay,forinstance,relievethehardworkthatavasttranslationrepresents.Butnoonewhohasseenacomputertranslationwillthinkitcansubstituteforliveknowledgeofthedifferentlanguages.Amachinewillalwaysbebehindthetimes.Stillmoreimportantisthefactthatnocomputerwillevergetattheassociationsbeyondthewordsassociationsthatmaynotbeexpressedbutwhichcarrymuchofthemeaning.InlanguageslikeArabicthatcontextisveryimportant.Languagescomewithheavyculturalbaggagetoo—inFrenchorGermanifyoumisstheculturalreferencesbehindawordyou’reverylikelytobemissingthemeaning.Itwillbeveryhardtoteachallthattocomputer.AllthepredictionsarethatEnglishwillbespokenbyadecliningproportionoftheworld’spopulationinthe21stcentury.Idon’tthinkforeignlanguageswillreallybecomelessimportant,buttheymightbeperceivedtobe—andthatwouldintheendbe—averybadthing.15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Learningforeignlanguagesisachallengingjob.B．Learningalanguageisgoodforyourmentalhealth.C．Culturalbackgroundblockstheunderstandingofalanguage.D．Computersplayanimportantroleinlearningforeignlanguages.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。學好外語是一項有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，因為學語言不僅要對一套復雜的規(guī)則而且要對語境非常敏感?！窘馕觥緼主旨大意題。根據文章第二段中的Butyoucanarguethatlearninganotherlanguagewellismoreexhaustingthan,say,learningtoplaychesswell—itinvolvessensitivitytoasetofcomplicatedrules,andalsotocontext.可知，學好外語比學好象棋更費力，因為學語言不僅要對一套復雜的規(guī)則敏感而且要對語境非常敏感。故可以推斷出本文主要講述的是學外語是一個挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。故選A?！绢}型三總結段落大意】Thereareasmanykindsofcareers(職業(yè))astherearepeople.Theyvarygreatlyinthetypeofworkinvolved(涉及)andinthewaystheyinfluenceaperson'slife.Thekindofcareeryouhavecanaffectyourlifeinmanyways.Bymakingwisedecisionsconcerningyourcareer,youcanhelpyourselfbuildthelifeyouwant.Todothat,youneedasmuchinformationaspossible.Themoreyouknowaboutyourself,thebetterableyouwillbetochooseasatisfyingcareer.Whatdopeoplehopetoobtainfromacareer?Somepeopledesireahighincome.Somehopeforfame.Othersseekforadventure.Stillothersintendtoservepeopleandmaketheworldabetterplace.Beforeyoubegintoexplorecareerfields,youshoulddetermineyourvalues.yourinterests,andyouraptitudesthatwillmakeyoucompetentforyourfuturework.Mostpeoplearehappiestinjobsthatfittheirvalues,interests,andskills.Eachpersonhasmanyvalues,whichvaryinstrength.Forexample,moneyisthestrongestvalueforsomepeople—thatis,wealthismoreimportanttothemthananythingelse.Asaresult,theyfocustheirthoughts,behaviour,andemotionsonthegoalofearningahighincome.Othervaluesincludedevotingtoreligion,takingrisks,spendingtimewithfamily,andhelpingothers.Beforemakingacareerdecision,youcanaskyourselfwhatismostimportanttoyouandexamineyourbeliefstobetterknowyourvalues.Forexample,isitimportanttoyoutoworkasamemberofateam?Orwouldyouratherbeinchargeorworkalone?Ifworkingaloneorbeinginchargeisimportanttoyou,independenceisprobablyoneofyourprimaryvalues.294Whatdoesthewriterconveytousinthelastparagraph?A．Thecontentsofourvalues.B．Thefoundationsofourvalues.C．Theplacestoachieveourvalues.D．Thewaystounderstandourvalues.【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了職業(yè)對我們的影響很大。在開始探索職業(yè)領域之前，我們應該確定自己的價值觀、興趣和能力。對自己了解得越多，我們就越有能力選擇一個滿意的職業(yè)?！窘馕觥緿主旨大意題。根據文章最后一段中的Beforemakingacareerdecision,youcanaskyourselfwhatismostimportanttoyouandexamineyourbeliefstobetterknowyourvalues.Forexample…primaryvalues.可知，在做職業(yè)決定之前，人們應該了解自己的價值觀。你可以問自己什么是最重要的，通過反思你的信仰來增強你對自己價值觀的理解。然后通過舉例說明如何了解自己的價值觀。由此可知，本段主要介紹了幾種理解自己價值觀的方法。故選D。名校模擬練1.（2023?四川成都?成都外國語學校?？寄M預測）MaeveHigginsoncesetherselfatask.TheIrish-borncomedianwantedtoseewhatlifewouldbelikeifshestoppedlaughingatthingsthatweren’tfunny.Turnsoutitwasn’taseasyasshethought.“Itwassohard,”shesays.“Laughterisalubricant(潤滑油)andisexpected,andit’sreallyhardnottodoit.”Higginssuggeststhere’ssomethingparticularlyspecialaboutbeingpartofthesharedexperiencethatislivecomedy—thatcuriousmagicthatoccurswhenpeoplecometogetherspecificallytolaugh.Comedyismorethanjustapleasantwaytopassanevening,humourmorethansomethingtoamuse.They’reinterwovenintooureverydayexistence.Whetheryou’resharinganamusingstoryatapartyortellingadarkjokeatafuneral,humouriseverywhere.Butwhatisitfor?Andcanhumour,ascomedy,changehowwefeel,whatwethinkorevenwhatwedo?Asanessentialpartofhumaninteraction,humourhasbeenonthemindsofthinkersforcenturies.OneofthemostenduringtheoriesofhumourwasputforwardbythephilosopherThomasHobbes.Itassertsthathumourappearstomakefunoftheweakandexertsuperiority.Whilethisisclearlythefunctionofsomecomedy,it’sfarfromacompleteexplanationfortheoverallpurposeofhumour.Forsomecomedians,it’snotjustaboutgettinglaughs—it’saboutchangingwhatwethinkandmaybeevenwhatwedo.Ifthere’sonecomicwhoisreallytypicalofthis,it’sJosieLong.Asocialjusticeactivistandacomedian,Longhasareputationfordelightful,optimistichumourandstorytelling.Ashercareerhasevolved,shehasconsciouslyputsocialandpoliticaltopicsattheheartofheract.Shebelievesthatcomedianshavearoletoplayinchallengingsomeofthemostpressingissuesoftheday.BritishcomicStephenKAmossellsoutvenuesseatingthousands,yearin,yearout.Amosfirmlybelievesthatwhencomicsconsciouslydealwithpressingorcontroversial（有爭議的）socialissueslikeracism,theycanreachpeopleonamuchmoremeaningfullevelthanthatachievedbybrieflyliftingsomeone’smood.Andwhileitmaybedifficulttoquantify,hesays,thesocialandpsychologicalimpactofcomedydeservesmuchgreaterrecognition.Theresearchbacksthisup.Althoughtheroleofcomedyistobeentertainingfirstandforemost,SharonLockyer,asociologistwhostudieshumour,hasidentifiedanumberofpossibleotherfunctions.Theseincludechallengingstereotypes(刻板印象).Amos’sworkfrequentlysettlestheissuesofracebychallengingstereotypes.”Idon’tdothingsforshockvalue,”hesays.“Idostuffthatmatterstome.Intheolddaysitwasjustaboutdoingjokes.We’vemovedon—peoplearetalkingaboutthingsthatmatter.”1．Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A．Thebenefitsoflaughing.B．Whatacomedian’sdailyworkisabout.C．WhyMaeveHigginschosetobeacomedian.D．MaeveHiggins’understandingoftheappealofcomedy.2．WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A．Protecttheweakfromtheevil.B．Encouragepeopletobestronger.C．Bedeterminedtoimproveoneself.D．Showyouarebetterthanotherpeople.3．Accordingtothearticle,howdoescomedyhaveaneffectonsocialissues?A．Bygraduallyinfluencingpeople’sattitudes.B．Byurgingpoliticianstotryandsolvetheissues.C．Byquicklyyetthoroughlychangingpeople’sthinking.D．Bycallingonthewholesocietytopayattentiontotheissues.4．Accordingtothearticle,comedyincludesthefollowingrolesexcept________.A．gettingpeopletolaughB．promotingsocialprogressC．influencingpeople’sideasD．makingpeoplemoreproductive【答案】1．D2．D3．A4．D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章通過Higgins對喜劇具有的吸引力的理解引出喜劇所具有的作用，包括讓人開懷大笑、影響人們的想法和促進社會的進步。1．主旨大意題。根據第一段的“MaeveHigginsoncesetherselfatask.TheIrish-borncomedianwantedtoseewhatlifewouldbelikeifshestoppedlaughingatthingsthatweren’tfunny.Turnsoutitwasn’taseasyasshethought.“Itwassohard,”shesays.“Laughterisalubricantandisexpected,andit’sreallyhardnottodoit.””（MaeveHiggins曾經為自己設定了一個任務。這位愛爾蘭裔喜劇演員想看看如果她停止嘲笑那些不好笑的事情會怎樣。事實證明，這并不像她想的那么容易。她說：“那太難了”?！靶κ且环N潤滑劑，并且被人期待，要做到不笑真的很難”。）根據第二段的“Higginssuggeststhere’ssomethingparticularlyspecialaboutbeingpartofthesharedexperiencethatislivecomedy—thatcuriousmagicthatoccurswhenpeoplecometogetherspecificallytolaugh.”（Higgins提到作為現場喜劇的共享體驗的一部分，這是很特別的東西，當人們特意聚在一起為了笑時，就會產生奇特的魔力。）由此可知，前兩段主要討論的是MaeveHiggins如何看待喜劇的魅力和吸引力的，即Higgins對喜劇具有的吸引力的理解。故選D。2．短語猜測題。根據劃線短語前面的“humorappearstomakefunoftheweak”（幽默的作用似乎是為了取笑弱者。）and后面的內容是幽默的第二個作用，它應該與“取笑弱者”的感情色彩類似，而A項（保護弱者遠離邪惡），B項（鼓勵人們變得更堅強）和C項（決心提高自己）均不能與and之前的內容相匹配。由此可知，劃線短語最可能的意思是“表明你比其他人更優(yōu)秀”。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段的“Amosfirmlybelievesthatwhencomicsconsciouslydealwithpressingorcontroversial（有爭議的）socialissueslikeracism,theycanreachpeopleonamuchmoremeaningfullevelthanthatachievedbybrieflyliftingsomeone’smood.Andwhileitmaybedifficulttoquantify,hesays,thesocialandpsychologicalimpactofcomedydeservesmuchgreaterrecognition.”（StephenKAmos堅信當喜劇演員有意識地處理諸如種族主義之類的緊迫或有爭議的社會問題時，喜劇演員所能帶給人們的意義要比短暫提升某人的情緒要有意義得多。他說，盡管這可能難以量化，但喜劇對社會和心理的影響值得更多的認可。）由此可知，喜劇通過逐漸影響人們對某些問題的態(tài)度從而對社會問題產生影響。故選A。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段的“Forsomecomedians,it’snotjustaboutgettinglaughs—it’saboutchangingwhatwethinkandmaybeevenwhatwedo.”（對于一些喜劇演員來說，喜劇的作用不僅僅在于使人開懷大笑，還在于改變我們的想法，甚至改變我們的工作。）根據第六段的“Ashercareerhasevolved,shehasconsciouslyputsocialandpoliticaltopicsattheheartofheract.Shebelievesthatcomedianshavearoletoplayinchallengingsomeofthemostpressingissuesoftheday.”（隨著事業(yè)的發(fā)展，她有意識地將社會和政治話題作為行為的核心。她認為，喜劇演員可以在挑戰(zhàn)當今最緊迫的問題中發(fā)揮作用。）由此可知，喜劇的作用包括：讓人開懷大笑、影響人們的想法和促進社會的進步，而文中并未提到D項（使人們更有工作效率）。故選D。2.（2023?福建福州?福建省福州第一中學?？家荒＃〢nartistinOakland,Californiaisusinghisskillstohelpthehomeless.GregKloehnbuildsverysmallsheltersthatmakelifeonthestreetsalittlemorecomfortable.Thestructuresofferthehomelesssomesafetyandprotectionfrombadweather.Eachlittlehousealsohaswheelsonthebottomsoitcangowhereveritsownergoes.GregKloehnhasgivenawayatleast20tinyhouses.Severalareontheroadsidenearanactiverailroad.Onarecentday,Mr.KloehnstopsatonetovisitOscarYoung.Thetwomenhug.InsidehislittleshelterMr.Younggetsrelieffromcoldnightsonthestreets.Mr.KloehnalsovisitsSweet-Pea,anotherfriendwhoalsolivesinoneofthelittlehomestheartistbuilt.Shesaysitkeepshersafeandprotectsherbelongings.Inthemornings,Mr.Kloehnsearchesthestreetsforbuildingmaterials.Hegatherswhathecanandtakesittohisstudio.There,heputsthehousestogether.Emptycoffeebagsbecomeroofmaterial.Awashingmachinedoorandrefrigeratorpartbecomewindows.Nails,screwsandthestickyglueholdallthepiecestogether.Theartistalsoattachesasmallelectricaldevicetothehouse.Thedeviceispoweredbythesun.Someofthepeoplelivingonthestreetsoncehadnormalhousesoftheirown.Butsomeofthepeoplesaytheyhavelearnedtolivewithlessandtheyarethankfultothatman.Mr.Kloehnsayshisworkisnotasocialproject.Hesaysheisjustsomeoneusinghisskillstohelphishomelessneighbors.5．ThefollowingaretheadvantagesofthesmallsheltersEXCEPT________.A．savingpowerandenergyB．protectingpossessionsofthehomelessC．decoratingthestreetswheretheyareD．keepingthehomelesssafeandcomfortable6．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．GregKloehnhassoldatleast20tinyhousesB．anactofkindnesshasmadepeoplesimpleandgratefulC．thesheltersareimmovableD．thegovernmenthasgotinvolvedintheaction7．Thepassageislikelytakenfrom________.A．anofficialreportB．anartreviewC．asciencemagazineD．anewsreport8．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Anartistcreateshomesforthehomeless.B．Amorecomfortableshelteronthestreets.C．AsuccessfulsocialprojectinOakland.D．Anartistmakesalivingbydesigningsmallshelters.【答案】5．C6．B7．D8．A【分析】這是一篇記敘文。全文講述了一位藝術家用廢舊物品制造小房子并捐贈給無家可歸的人的故事。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據倒第三段最后一句“Thedeviceispoweredbythesun.(這個裝置是由太陽供電的)”可知，這種小房子很省電，所以選項A是它的優(yōu)勢，排除選項A；根據第二段最后一句“Shesaysitkeepshersafeandprotectsherbelongings.(她說，這能保證她的安全，保護她的財產)”可知，這種小房子可以保護無家可歸者的財產，所以選項B是它的優(yōu)勢，排除選項B；根據第一段第一句和第二句“GregKloehnbuildsverysmallsheltersthatmakelifeonthestreetsalittlemorecomfortable.Thestructuresofferthehomelesssomesafetyandprotectionfrombadweather.(GregKloehn建造了非常小的庇護所，讓街道上的生活更加舒適。這些建筑為無家可歸者提供了一些安全保障，并保護他們免受惡劣天氣的影響)”可知，這種小房子確保無家可歸者的安全和舒適，所以選項D是它的優(yōu)勢，排除選項D；文中沒有提到這種小房子可以起到裝飾作用，所以選項C不是它的優(yōu)勢，故選A。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據倒第二段最后一句“Butsomeofthepeoplesaytheyhavelearnedtolivewithlessandtheyarethankfultothatman.(但一些人說，他們已經學會用更少的錢生活，他們對那個人心存感激)”可知，一個善舉讓人們變得簡單和感恩。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據第一段第一句“AnartistinOakland,Californiaisusinghisskillstohelpthehomeless.(加利福尼亞州奧克蘭市的一位藝術家正在用他的技能幫助無家可歸的人)”可知，文章第一句就概括了全文，表明文章要講的事情，所以這是新聞報道中的導語。根據最后一段“Mr.Kloehnsayshisworkisnotasocialproject.Hesaysheisjustsomeoneusinghisskillstohelphishomelessneighbors.(克勒恩先生說，他的工作不是一個社會項目。他說，他只是一個用自己的技能幫助無家可歸的鄰居的人)”可知，這是轉述受采訪的人說的話。由此推知，這是一篇新聞報道。故選D。8．主旨大意題。根據第一段第一句和第二句“AnartistinOakland,Californiaisusinghisskillstohelpthehomeless.GregKloehnbuildsverysmallsheltersthatmakelifeonthestreetsalittlemorecomfortable.(加利福尼亞州奧克蘭市的一位藝術家正在用他的技能幫助無家可歸的人。GregKloehn建造了非常小的庇護所，讓街道上的生活更加舒適)”可知，文章主要是講一位藝術家為無家可歸的人建造家園。故選A。3.（2023秋?廣東深圳?高三統(tǒng)考期末）Ontheoutside,12-year-oldLunaseemslikeyouraveragekid.It'snotuntilyougettoknowherthatyoulearnthatLunaisanythingbutaverage.Bomwithaheartdefect(缺陷)calleddextrocardia,Lunahashadthreeopen-heartoperationsandcontinuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion.ButwhenLunawasapproachedbyathleticshoecompanySauconytodesignashoeforsaleacrossthecountry,itcameasquiteasurprise.“Thisissoincredible.IgottousemyartandcreativityforsomethingnewthatI'dneverthoughtI'dbeabletodesign,“Lunasaid.SheisoneofsixpatientsfromBostonChildren'sHospital(BCH)whohavepartneredwithSauconytodesigntheirownshoetolaunchtheShoeswithSoulcampaign.“Ratherthanjustadonation,wewantedtocreateanexperienceandamomentthatwouldnotonlyraisemoney,butalsoawarenesstohighlightalltheamazingworkthat'sbeingdoneatBCH,“saysChris,Saucony'svicepresident.“Specifically,wewantedtogivesomeoftheBCHkidsanopportunitytosharetheirstoryandtheirtalentswiththeworld.”Luna'sdesignisfashion.uOnthetongue,theydigitalizedoneofmydrawings,andthenonbottomit'sareallybrightpinkcolor,andontheinside,thesoleoftheshoeisactuallyanotherdrawingIdidofasunset,“shesaid."Thinkingaboutkidseverywherearoundtheworldwearingmyshoeisamazing.Itblowsmymind.”TheincomefromtheshoesaleswillbenefittheBostonChildren'sHospitalCardiacFitnessProgram,whichencourageskidsto“findyourpossible"throughpersonalizedexerciseprogramstailoredforeachindividualpatient'sheartcondition.“Itfeelsreallygoodtohelppeopleandit'sreallysomethingIcanrelateto,“saysLuna.“TheadviceIwouldgiveakidorsomeonelikemeisnevergiveup.Therearealotofkidsouttherewithyourconditionandyou'renotalone.”9．WhatcanwelearnfromChris'words?A．It'sunwisetoraisemoney.B．It'soptionaltoseekdonations.C．It'swonderfultostudyart.D．It'snecessary